Cognitive Operation Research Articles

Analyzing Cognitive Radio Network Operation With the Mechanism of Deciding Handoff and Process of Handoff Employing Varied Distribution Models (5G)

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) deal with sensing, decision making, sharing, and mobility. Among these aspects, spectrum mobility assumes a vital role for spectrum handoff to occur. When the spectrum handoff process is analyzed, there are call drops, spectrum handoff, and interferences with the adjacent channels. For minimizing the handoff of the spectrum's probability as well as the call drops, which involves three processes, which are followed in sequential order, results demonstrate a better QoS. In the following three processes, the first process starts with the Markov model that identifies a channel's states and selects the channel which is apt. The second process, multiple attributes decision making (MADM), methods choose one of the best possible channels among all the channels based on various metrics in the proposed hybrid method. In the third process, the spectrum handoff is analyzed through different distribution models to indicate which model is the desirable one for a handoff process such as the one with stationary users or the other with non-stationary users.

Statistics and Analysis of Similar Figures Questions in Zhejiang Senior High School Entrance Examination in Recent Five Years—— From the Perspective of Core Literacy

Based on the perspective of core literacy, this paper makes a statistical analysis of the similar figures test questions in the eight high school entrance examinations in Zhejiang Province in recent five years, and analyzes the comprehensive difficulty of each year’s test questions from five dimensions of cognitive level, background, operation, reasoning and knowledge content with the help of comprehensive difficulty model. The results show that: the core literacy of the similarity test mainly includes logical reasoning, intuitive imagination and mathematical operation; Background comprehensive difficulty is lower than the other four dimensions, and the difficulty of the five dimensions is unbalanced, but the overall difficulty of the similar figure test is larger. Based on this finding, this paper analyzes the reasons for the difficulty of the test from the perspective of core literacy, and finally puts forward teaching strategies to help the development and improvement of students’ core literacy.

Precision Surgery In Rectal Resection With Hyperspectral And Fluorescence Imaging And Pelvic Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (With Video)

Oncologic visceral surgery has recently been revolutionized by robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), sparing of functionally important structures and innovative intraoperative imaging tools. These techniques enable new dimensions of precision surgery and oncology. Currently, data-driven, cognitive operating rooms are standing at the forefront of the latest technical and didactic developments in abdominal surgery. Rectal low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision (TME) for lower- and middle-third rectal cancer is a challenging operation due to the narrow pelvis and the tender guiding structures. Thus, new approaches have been needed to simplify the procedure and to upgrade the results. The combination of robotics with pelvic intraoperative neuromonitoring (pIONM) and new possibilities of visualization, such as multi- and hyperspectral imaging (MSI / HSI) or fluorescence imaging (FI) with indocyanine green (ICG) is a forward-looking modality to enhance surgical precision and reduce postoperative complications while improving oncologic and functional outcomes with a better quality of life. The aim of our video-paper is to show how to achieve maximum precision by combining robotic surgery with pelvic intraoperative neuromonitoring and new imaging devices for rectal cancer.

The effect of parents attitudes to play in green space on childrens cognitive flexibility during Covid-19 home quarantine

Introduction: In recent years, children have faced limitations in their playing surrounding, that can affect their cognitive operation. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of all types of attitudes into the outdoor playings on childrens cognitive flexibility during Covid-19 home quarantine. Method: This paper was a cross-sectional observational study. A total of three hundred female students by the mean age of the 9 to 11 were participated in this study voluntarily by sampling method. Participants were selected from a school in Tehrans 19th district in 2020-2021 academic year. An online survey using a structural questionnaire createing by Google forms were used for data collecting. The online questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, Childrens Cognitive Flexibility, and Parents Attitudes into the outdoor and playings and playing in nature. Variance analysing were used to analyze the data and Tukey's post hoc test were used to Locate the differences. SPSS25 were used for data analysing. Results: The analysis of variance resulted in a significant difference between the mean cognitive flexibility of those children whose parents had a positive attitude towards playing in nature compared to a negative attitude towards playing in nature (p=0.001). The results showed a better cognitive flexibility in those children whose parents had a positive attitude towards playing in nature. Conclusion: Positive or negative attitude of parents towards outdoor playings has an effect on childrens cognitive flexibility during home quarantine.

DIỄN GIẢI VÀ NHỮNG HÌNH THỨC BIỂU HIỆN CỦA NÓ TRONG NGÔN NGỮ HỌC TRI NHẬN

Mục đích của bài viết này là khảo sát diễn giải với tư cách là thao tác tri nhận cơ bản của con người và những hình thức biểu hiện nó trong Ngôn ngữ học Tri nhận. Để đạt được mục đích ấy, bài viết tập trung vào hai tâm điểm: (a) giới thiệu vắn tắt về diễn giải và một số mô hình phân loại nó, (b) khảo sát những hình thức biểu hiện của thao tác diễn giải mà chúng ta thường gặp trong văn liệu Ngôn ngữ học Tri nhận.

About the basic issues of interpreting the content of K. S. Stanislavsky's lecturing about the supreme problem

The purpose of the article is to examine in detail the features of the historical fate of K. S. Stanislavsky's doctrine of the supertask, which is considered the cornerstone of his system, and to find out the reasons for the tendentiously limited interpretation of the term “supertask” in the research literature of the second half of the last century, which still remains unconsidered. The methodology of the research is the general logical method of cognition, which involves an analysis of the features of the historical era of the emergence of the doctrine of the super-task and specific measures for its dissemination among art workers. This method makes it possible to determine the causes of deformation of the defining term of the system of K. Stanislavsky. The method of comparison is also used as a cognitive operation, which makes it possible to clearly understand the primary content of the concept of "super task" and its differences from the interpretations of many other researchers of the theoretical heritage of K. S. Stanislavsky – those authors whose interpretation is based on the judgment about the similarity or difference of objects. Scientific novelty. An attempt is made to look at the fate of the Stanislavsky system as a whole and the doctrine of the super-task, in particular, from the standpoint of historical truth, in contrast to the standpoint of myth-making, which was characteristic of researchers of the Soviet era. The novelty also lies in the fact that for the first time in the theory of acting, an attempt was made to compare the true meaning put by the author of the system into the very term of the supertask itself, with the way it was interpreted by theoretical thought in the Soviet period in accordance with the ideological needs of the then society. Conclusions. As a result of a comparative analysis of the texts of K. Stanislavsky, dedicated to the disclosure of the content of the doctrine of the super-task with the formulations that tried to reveal its content in the period after the death of the author of the system, it becomes obvious that the true meaning of the doctrine has suffered a rather significant semantic deformation. This actualizes the need for a detailed and in-depth study of all the materials of his heritage, which are related to the disclosure of the content of the doctrine of the supertask, which will contribute to the further development of the system at the present stage.

Experience Affects EEG Event-Related Synchronization in Dancers and Non-dancers While Listening to Preferred Music.

EEGs were analyzed to investigate the effect of experiences in listening to preferred music in dancers and non-dancers. Participants passively listened to instrumental music of their preferred genre for 2 min (Argentine tango for dancers, classical, or jazz for non-dancers), alternate genres, and silence. Both groups showed increased activity for their preferred music compared to non-preferred music in the gamma, beta, and alpha frequency bands. The results suggest all participants' conscious recognition of and affective responses to their familiar music (gamma), appreciation of the tempo embedded in their preferred music and emotional arousal (beta), and enhanced attention mechanism for cognitive operations such as memory retrieval (alpha). The observed alpha activity is considered in the framework of the alpha functional inhibition hypothesis, in that years of experience listening to their favorite type of music may have honed the cerebral responses to achieve efficient cortical processes. Analyses of the electroencephalogram (EEG) activity over 100s-long music pieces revealed a difference between dancers and non-dancers in the magnitude of an initial alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) and the later development of an alpha event-related synchronization (ERS) for their preferred music. Dancers exhibited augmented alpha ERD, as well as augmented and uninterrupted alpha ERS over the remaining 80s. This augmentation in dancers is hypothesized to be derived from creative cognition or motor imagery operations developed through their dance experiences.

Simple and complex cognitive modelling in oblique translation strategies in a corpus of English–Spanish drama film titles

Abstract This article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the translation of English drama film titles into Peninsular Spanish, drawing on cognitive modelling and following preliminary findings in Peña-Cervel (2016). Our study is consistent with the epistemological and ontological grounding of Cognitive Linguistics (Samaniego-Fernández 2007) and contributes to satisfying one of the major challenges Rojo-López and Ibarretxe-Antuñano (2013a, 10) identify for present-day Translation Studies: To reveal the conceptual substratum that guides the translation process. Our approach does not rely on an exhaustive classification of clear-cut and well-defined translation techniques, but rather on a broad distinction between direct and oblique strategies. We demonstrate how the notion of cognitive operation, as proposed by Ruiz de Mendoza-Ibáñez and Galera-Masegosa (2014), can help elucidate the sometimes seemingly arbitrary relationship between original English titles and their counterparts in Spanish, especially in cases of traditionally so-called free translations. Stands-for relations, such as expansion and reduction, are shown to play a fundamental role in the translation process and the fruitful combination of cognitive operations into conceptual complexes is explored. Our study attempts to go beyond descriptive adequacy in order to achieve explanatory adequacy.

Effect of Cognitive Fatigue, Operator Sex, and Robot Assistance on Task Performance Metrics, Workload, and Situation Awareness in Human-Robot Collaboration

Advancements in robot technology are allowing for increasing integration of humans and robots in shared space manufacturing processes. While individual task performance of the robotic assistance and human operator can be separately optimized, the interaction between humans and robots can lead to emergent effects on collaborative performance. Thus, the performance benefits of increased automation in robotic assistance and its impact by human factors need to be considered. As such, this letter examines the interplay of operator sex, their cognitive fatigue states, and varying levels of automation on collaborative task performance, operator situation awareness and perceived workload, and physiological responses (heart rate variability; HRV). Sixteen participants, balanced by sex, performed metal polishing tasks directly with a UR10 collaborative robot under different fatigued states and with varying levels of robotic assistance. Perceived fatigue, situation awareness, and workload were measured periodically, in addition to continuous physiological monitoring and three task performance metrics: task efficiency, accuracy, and precision, were obtained. Higher robotic assistance demonstrated direct task performance benefits. However, unlike females, males did not perceive the performance benefits as better with higher automation. A relationship between situation awareness and automation was observed in both the HRV signals and subjective measures, where increased robot assistance reduced the attentional supply and task engagement of participants. The consideration of the interplay between human factors, such as operator sex and their cognitive states, and robot factors on collaborative performance can lead to improved human-robot collaborative system designs.

The Philosophical Thinking and Characteristics of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

The way of thinking is the internal mechanism and process of the occurrence and operation of cognition, which affects the success or failure of human cognition and practice activities to a large extent. Based on the inheritance and innovation of Marxist Philosophical thinking, Xi Jinping thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has formed a philosophical thinking wisdom including the dialectical thinking, system thinking, innovative thinking, historical thinking, strategic thinking, bottom-line thinking, and value thinking all which shows the characteristics of the optimization of the individual order, the observation of the social order, and the exploration of the world order.

A Dispositive and Cognitive Semiotic Analysis of Arabic Humorous Texts on Facebook

This study conducts a dispositive analysis along with a cognitive semiotic analysis of a corpus of Arabic humorous texts on Facebook that tackle a variety of social, educational, economic, and political issues in Egypt or abroad. The selected data is analyzed using Jager’s (2001) dispositive model, Fauconnier and Turner’s (2002) conceptual blending theory, and the incongruity theory of humor. Some major notions such as speech acts, and instances of visual metaphor are also utilized. The findings reveal that dispositive analysis has the advantage of heterogeneity over discourse analysis as it embraces not just language, but also actions and objects. Besides, the interplay between the dispositive triangle’s heterogeneous elements is essential to enable the reader to fully understand the text. Moreover, the blending between the caption and the image in the humorous text gives birth to a new meaning, and blending is the basic mental and cognitive operation that readers use to completely apprehend the text. Furthermore, incongruity is an essential factor in arousing humor in these humorous texts.

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Dynamic Spectrum Competition in Green Cognitive Virtualized Networks

This paper examines the optimal spectrum competing strategy for a virtual network operator in cognitive cellular networks with energy-harvesting base stations. In the scenario for this study, multiple cognitive virtual network operators (CVNOs) obtain spectrum resources from a mobile network operator via spectrum sensing and leasing in order to provide data services to their subscribers. Compared to traditional spectrum leasing via long-term contract, spectrum acquired by sensing is usually cheaper but is unreliable due to the stochastic activities of the licensed users. The CVNOs need to determine the optimal sensing and leasing amount to satisfy the needs of subscribers while guaranteeing a low leasing cost. We aim to find an efficient spectrum sensing and leasing scheme for a CVNO in order to maximize its utility in the long run. The problem is first formulated as the framework of a sequential decision process considering the dynamics of users’ activities, spectrum prices, and harvested energy. We then develop a deep reinforcement learning algorithm that uses deep neural networks as function approximators so the CVNO can learn the optimal decision policy by interacting with the environment. We analyze the performance of our proposed scheme through extensive simulations. The experiment results show that the proposed mechanism can significantly improve the CVNO’s long-term benefit compared to other learning and non-learning methods.

Segregation GIS with precipitation - overspill sculpture of turning point: An finished view

Indefinite quantity, overspill and the dirt condition table of contents, are outstanding poignant the well beingness of variety particularly in the unbleached forest geographic area. This publishing firm end to depict the affectionate of Geographical Message Scheme (GIS) in the precipitation -runoff models. The scientific subject area activity of quantitative creating from raw materials instrument with GIS outstanding heighten the ceremony and internal representation of the tremendous amount of money end product from quantitative models. Precipitation -runoff models are special reasoning creature which presuppose elaborate stimulation. GIS is mental object clothed for recuperation, psychical cognitive operation and abstract thought of rainfall-runoff possibility. Quality of rainfall-runoff models will ameliorate by victimization GIS due to accurate desalination of indefinite quantity extremity and denomination of overland utilization. Likewise, debilitated GIS with the creating from raw materials psychological feature cognitive process can assistance to project the out call option from the modeling psychological feature cognitive process. Also, this will assist to get improved subordinate standing to the mould process aside animal un-wellness and conclusion Godhead.

АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИЗАЦИЯ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ДИСКУРСИВНОГО КОНСТРУИРОВАНИЯ

Statement of the problem. The problem of discourse construction with the emphasis on linguistic interactions as tools for solving communicative tasks is in the mainstream of modern linguistics. It involves elaborating methodological concepts that reveal the nature and principles of cognitive management in the discourse space built to reach a communicative goal through creating communicative solidarity. Since discourse construction processes are motivated and shaped primarily by value concepts it is logical to model them in terms of axiological perspectivization. The purpose of the article is to substantiate and exemplify the role of axiological perspectivization as a cognitive operation aimed at winning the addressee’s empathy by activating value concepts that are relevant both culturally and personally. The methodology of the research bases on findings in the spheres of axiology, cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, strategic communication. The interdisciplinary approach to the study of axiological perspectivization is motivated by the complex nature of the processes involved in discourse construction. Research results. Within the framework of discourse construction, the notions of axiological perspective and axiological perspectivization have been elaborated. The role of these notions as methodological tools for shaping linguistic interactions in view of the communicative goal set by the sender of the message has been substantiated. The axiological perspectivization is modelled as the process of creating an image that activates culture-based value concepts and involves the addressee in the activities planned by the addresser. The contribution of cognitive mechanisms (foregrounding, modalization, positivization, reframing) to the formation and realization of the axiological perspective has been exemplified Conclusions. This study presents a research into the problem of axiological foundations and support systems of discourse construction. Increasingly, the use of value concepts as bulding blocks of axiological perspectivization is a critical factor for positive feedback and, therefore, effective communication. The study widens the range of methodological tools for discourse construction by elaborating the notions of axiological perspective and axiological perspectivization and specifying cognitive mechanisms involved in producing a value-charged effect on the addressee. The process of axiological perspectivization is constituted by cognitive scripts of foregrounding, modalization, positivization and reframing that are represented by functionally appropriate language means including axiologemes, i.e. linguistic signs that incode key values of the society and cultural groups within the society.

Evolving schema representations in orbitofrontal ensembles during learning.

How do we learn about what to learn about? Specifically, how do the neural elements in our brain generalize what has been learned in one situation to recognize the common structure of – and speed learning in – other, similar situations? We know this happens; we and our mammalian kith become better at solving new problems – learning and deploying schemas 1–5 – as we go through life. However, we have little insight into this process. Here we show that using prior knowledge to facilitate learning is accompanied by the evolution of a neural schema in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Single units were recorded from rats deploying a schema to learn a succession of odor sequence problems. With learning, OFC ensembles converged on a low-dimensional neural manifold across both problems and subjects; this manifold represented the common structure of the problems and its evolution accelerated across their learning. These results demonstrate the formation and use of a schema in a prefrontal brain region to support a complex cognitive operation. Our results not only reveal an important new role for the OFC in learning but also have significant implications for using ensemble analyses to tap into complex cognitive functions.

THE IMPORTANCE OF FOUR BASIC SKILLS IN LEARNING ENGLISH

English is established as the most appreciated and widely accepted language of the present world by reason of its accomplishments in every single realm such as education, economics, marketing, globalisation, science, media, modern information system and automation, etc. This prestigious language is extracting attention to itself as a language of virtue throwing up lavish possibilities it offers to a person for prosperity and advancement in life. English as a second language (ESL) turns out to be unavoidable as well as inescapable in the Indian education structure. To learn a second language, a psychological and emotional participation is required to communicate forcefully and to elucidate linguistic signification. The motive of this study is to be acquainted with the importance of making use of all skills in learning English. The four basic skills of learning a language are Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. These are the four potentialities that authorise a person to assimilate, construct and make use of the language in a meaningful social conversation. The teacher is required to apply an array of techniques to integrate the necessities of the students. The teacher mixes these techniques throughout the procedure of learning and applies them towards the progressive advancement of proficiency as well as self-confidence of the student in improving the efficacy of this cognitive operation.

Analysis of cognitive operation in understanding text of the fourth-grade pupils

Abstract This study aims to analyse the informative-type text, questions, and answers of the fourth-grade reading comprehension test according to cognitive processes. A total of 353 respondents participated in the survey. The examined target group was the fourth-grade pupils of Hungarian-language primary schools in bilingual regions in Eastern, Central, and Western Slovakia. The results obtained show that most of the pupils had sufficient background knowledge to interpret the short and simple text, and the new information was well integrated into their existing schema structure. In terms of processes of comprehension, most pupils had no problem with recognizing and retrieving explicitly stated information in the text, neither with making straightforward inferences. However, there were problems in interpreting and integrating information and summarizing them. The results show that half of the pupils had problems with multi-level interpretation of the information obtained and about one-fifth of the pupils gave incorrect answers even to the questions that required the use of the simplest cognitive processes.

Reading Strategies and Impossible Worlds in Fiction: With Reference to Lincoln in the Bardo

AbstractPostmodern fiction is marked by impossible worlds, the appreciation of which challenges readers and draws upon different cognitive operations. The present study reacts to the reading strategies proposed by Alber, J. 2016. Unnatural Narrative: Impossible Worlds in Fiction and Drama. Lincoln, NB and London: University of Nebraska Press. It adopts and adapts these strategies in a case study of Saunders’s experimental novel, Lincoln in the Bardo (2017). There is an attempt to investigate the cognitive operations that are activated in the process of communicating with and understanding such texts. The study evinces the pros and cons of Alber’s reading strategies. It proposes the cognitive operation of schematization in both online and offline forms as another reading strategy which helps readers understand impossibilities in texts.

Brief Analysis of Hierarchy of Human’s Spiritual World

By studying human’s spiritual world earnestly and comprehensively, you can learn that human’s spiritual world is hierarchical. The spiritual world is an extremely complex dynamic system consisting of 4 interconnected hierarchies. The dynamic system is composed of cognitive system, dynamical system, reflection-controlling system and operating system. Human’s spiritual world determines people’s way of response and action. All the thoughts and behaviors of people are the result of all the subsystems in human spiritual world.

A uniform model of computational conceptual blending

We present a mathematical model for the cognitive operation of conceptual blending that aims at being uniform across different representation formalisms, while capturing the relevant structure of this operation. The model takes its inspiration from amalgams as applied in case-based reasoning, but lifts them into category theory so as to follow Joseph Goguen’s intuition for a mathematically precise characterisation of conceptual blending at a representation-independent level of abstraction. We prove that our amalgam-based category-theoretical model of conceptual blending is essentially equivalent to the pushout model in the ordered category of partial maps as put forward by Goguen. But unlike Goguen’s approach, our model is more suitable to capture computational realisations of conceptual blending, and we exemplify this by concretising our model to computational conceptual blends for various representation formalisms and application domains.