Cognitive Motivation Research Articles

Key factors of using Crowd-technologies in the activities of Ukrainian local self-government bodies

The purpose of the article is to provide a conceptual justification of the fac-tors, conditions, and limitations regarding the implementation of crowd technolo-gies in the activities of local self-government bodies. It has been established that crowd technologies in local self-government are social technologies that involve the engagement of «informal public» in the govern-ance process through a public offer made by local self-government bodies. These technologies utilize the intellectual potential of online communities to address so-cially significant issues without entering into an employment contract. It is defined that crowd technologies in local self-government are also specif-ic public-private management technologies that introduce civil relations into bu-reaucratic practices. In this regard, it is important to distinguish various types of these technologies, including crowd-sourcing, crowd-funding, crowd-recruiting, crowd-creation, and so on. The utilization of these and other types of crowd tech-nologies in local self-government allows for addressing important tasks for territo-rial communities, such as involving the population in decision-making processes, mobilizing citizen funds for voluntary development of crowd projects through in-formation technologies, searching for talented professionals within the community, and facilitating the creation of new crowd projects by the «informal public». It has been proven that the implementation of crowd technologies as mani-festations of public-private management requires a set of necessary conditions for their integration into the practices of local self-government. These conditions in-clude: Regulatory and legal support for crowd technological activities. Generalization of experience (positive or negative) with crowd tech-nologies. Accurate identification of crowd technology objects. Institutionalization of a public actor interested in crowd technologies. Formation of civic competencies among the population as individual qualities socialized under the influence of civil society. Ensuring informational accessibility of decision-making practices by local self-government bodies and administrative services provided by them, as well as by communal institutions and enterprises. Demonstration of loyalty by local authorities towards organizing work according to the crowd technology model and the willingness of their leaders and officials to collaborate with the public. Development of integrated software products for local self-government bodies based on the principles of open-source software. It is argued that the structure of crowd potential in a territorial community is formed by two main components: the capacity and readiness of the population and local self-government bodies to participate in crowd technologies. Capacity in-cludes awareness of the organization of governance and knowledge of crowd tech-nologies, which is reflected in the societal and governmental understanding of the possibilities for implementing crowd projects at the community level. Readiness consists of the interest in voluntary participation in addressing social issues, the societal values of the population and local self-government bodies, and their moti-vational reasons for participating in crowd projects.

Effects of Pictorial Health Warning Labels on Intention to Quit Waterpipe in Lebanon: A Mediation Analysis.

Pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on waterpipe (WP) tobacco packages represent a better strategy for communicating the health risks associated with WP use and promoting quit intention than text-only. However, the mechanism by which these warnings lead to higher intentions to quit remains unknown. This study explores how pictorial warnings versus text-only induces higher quit intention among a sample of young adult WP smokers in Lebanon. An online randomized cross-over experimental study was conducted in August 2021 among 276 young adult WP smokers who were exposed to two conditions: pictorial HWLs and text-only warnings on WP tobacco packages in random order. After each image, participants completed post-exposure assessments of health communication outcomes (eg, attention and negative affect). Using serial and parallel mediation analysis, we examined the role of attention, negative affect, cognitive elaboration, and perceived harm in mediating the relationship between exposure to HWLs and intention to quit. Using serial mediation, exposure to pictorial warnings versus text-only was found to affect intention to quit through the following pathways: attention and negative affect, which accounted for 17.28% of the total effect, and through negative affect and cognitive elaboration, which accounted for 21.53% of the total effect. Results of parallel mediation showed that the indirect effect pathways via negative affect (β = 0.063; [95% bootstrap CI = 0.004 to 0.149]) and cognitive elaboration (0.047; [0.001 to 0.114]) were statistically significant. The findings call on designing and implementing attention-grabbing, emotionally evocative, and cognitively persuasive pictorial warnings in Lebanon and other countries to curb WP tobacco smoking. This is among the first experimental studies looking at multiple mediators underlying the effect of exposure to pictorial HWLs on intention to quit in a sample of current WP smokers in Lebanon. The findings showed that using attention-grabbing, emotionally evocative, and persuasive pictures with a clear textual warning is crucial to maximizing the impact of implementing WP-HWLs regulations in Lebanon and other countries to curb WP tobacco smoking.

Social media exposure’s effects on public support toward three-child policy in China: role of cognitive elaboration, perceived negative effects, and institutional trust

AbstractThe three-child policy constitutes a hotly debated socio-political issue in China. Upon its announcement, many Chinese citizens have ridiculed the move on social media. Adopting the cognitive mediation model and the influence of presumed influence theory, this study examines how social media exposure to three-child policy-related news and discussions could affect the Chinese public’s attitudes toward the policy. The online survey results show that social media exposure negatively predicts supportive opinion via cognitive elaboration and three types of perceived negative effects of the policy (i.e., perceived negative effects on self, on the public, and on females) in serial. It also finds that institutional trust moderates the relationship between cognitive elaboration and policy support. Only among people with high institutional trust, there is a positive effect of social media exposure on supportive opinion through cognitive elaboration.

Collective foraging of active particles trained by reinforcement learning

Collective self-organization of animal groups is a recurring phenomenon in nature which has attracted a lot of attention in natural and social sciences. To understand how collective motion can be achieved without the presence of an external control, social interactions have been considered which regulate the motion and orientation of neighbors relative to each other. Here, we want to understand the motivation and possible reasons behind the emergence of such interaction rules using an experimental model system of light-responsive active colloidal particles (APs). Via reinforcement learning (RL), the motion of particles is optimized regarding their foraging behavior in presence of randomly appearing food sources. Although RL maximizes the rewards of single APs, we observe the emergence of collective behaviors within the particle group. The advantage of such collective strategy in context of foraging is to compensate lack of local information which strongly increases the robustness of the resulting policy. Our results demonstrate that collective behavior may not only result on the optimization of behaviors on the group level but may also arise from maximizing the benefit of individuals. Apart from a better understanding of collective behaviors in natural systems, these results may also be useful in context of the design of autonomous robotic systems.

Literary and Aesthetic Competencies in Literature Course: Whether Innovative Information Technologies Hinder Their Growth?

The purpose of this article is (1) to determine the set of literary and aesthetic competencies when reading literature and (2) to quantify the possible effect for the formation of Literary and Aesthetic competence when using innovative information technologies. The establishment of the array of literary and aesthetic competencies was achieved through the synthesis of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (2018) and a comprehensive analysis of relevant scholarly literature. The researchers determined the substantial effect of mobile applications in building three out of five aesthetic competencies ( D = 1.12 for expressive perception, D = 1.55 for emotional closeness and D = 0.82 for cognitive elaboration). Hence, based on the research outcomes, the approach adopted by the experimental group (utilisation of mobile applications for reading) facilitates the attainment of heightened literary competence through a more aesthetically comprehensive experiential engagement with the study of literary works.

Interpersonal Online and Offline Communication as a Factor in Increasing Educational Motivation

Introduction. Online and offline formats of interpersonal communication are widespread and satisfy the need for communication and recognition of schoolchildren. At the same time, the issue of the peculiarities of using virtual interpersonal communication in learning activities, its potentials, formal and content parameters remains insufficiently studied. The purpose of the article is to analyze the possibilities of virtual format of interpersonal communication, which affects the needs, sources of activity, behavioral norms, and states of the child. Materials and Methods. In the course of an empirical study, the authors carried out a diagnosis of the success of online and offline communication in 238 students in Omsk schools. The parameters were studied in respondents using a set of diagnostic methods: the method “Diagnostics of motivational orientations in interpersonal communications (I. D. Ladanov, V. A. Urazaeva); the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; methodology for diagnosing motivational-semantic formations (Yu. M. Orlov, B. A. Sosnovsky). Results. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the implementation of online and offline communication significantly increases all the parameters that characterize the success of interpersonal communication and educational motivation. Comparison of situations of face-to-face communication both online and offline allows us to say that in both cases interpersonal communication has a goal – the development of educational, social and cognitive motives. However, the process of online and offline communication not only supplements the personal plan with an emotional aspect, but also goes beyond the school educational space in terms of the “Result” and “Product” parameters. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that the functionality of communication in virtual space opens wider opportunities for the growth of educational motivation compared to face-to-face communication. The presented materials can be used by researchers of children's behavior in virtual space, teachers implementing blended or online learning.

«География»пәнін оқытуда жүйелік іс-әрекеттік тәсіл бойынша тәжірибелік жұмысты ұйымдастыру

The article deals with the organization of practical classes in geography lessons based on a system-activity approach. The principle of the system-activity approach ensures the achievement of the planned educational goals and learning outcomes, creates the basis for the independent successful assimilation by students of new knowledge, skills, competencies and various ways of activity.Practical work based on a system-activity ap-proach is aimed at the development of each student, at the formation of their individual abilities, and also al-lows to significantly strengthen knowledge and increase the pace of studying the material without overload-ing students. At the same time, favorable conditions are created for their multi-level training, the implementa-tion of the modeling principle. The various groupand individual tasks proposed during the lesson on the basis of differentiated learning, taking into account individual educational trajectories and individual development of each student, ensure the growth of creative potential, cognitive motives, enrichment of forms of education-al cooperation and expansion of the zone of immediate development. During the practical classes, to test the feasibility of the proposed methods of the system-activity approach, the pedagogical experiment took place in two classes–a control and an experimental group. A practical lesson based on formative learning using a sys-tem-activity approach gave better learning results than in the control group. To increase cognitive interest in the elements of the Geography subject, it is necessary to organize the educational process by introducing and applying elements of a systematic and active approach.The analysis of the results of the experiment showed the expediency and effectiveness of the proposed didactic tools in the geography lesson.

Psychopathy and COVID‐19: Callousness, impulsivity, and motivational reasons for engaging in prevention behavior

AbstractTwo direct replication studies were conducted to investigate the associations of psychopathic traits with engagement in COVID‐19 prevention behavior and motivational reasons for engaging in such behavior. College undergraduate students completed two self‐report measures of psychopathic traits based on the four‐factor conceptualization of psychopathy (callous affect, manipulative tendency, erratic lifestyle, criminal tendency) and the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy (meanness, disinhibition, boldness). Participants then reported the degree to which they engaged in COVID‐19 prevention behavior currently and in the past, and reported their self‐focused and other‐focused motivational reasons for doing so. Results aggregated across both studies (N = 292) revealed that traits reflecting emotional callousness and impulsivity independently predicted lower levels of other‐focused reasons for engaging in prevention behavior. Moreover, controlling for other‐focused reasons appreciably reduced negative associations of emotional callousness and impulsivity with prevention behavior. The results provide insight into points of convergence in conceptualization and measurement of psychopathy from multiple theoretical perspectives and the importance of considering the impact of divisive personality traits on motivation to protect others during pandemics.

Priming as cognitive motivation for the “first translational response universal”

Priming as cognitive motivation for the “first translational response universal”

The Analysis of the 1st States’ Corruption Between Thailand and South Korea Under the Democracy Regime

This article aims to study the similarities between Thailand and South Korea's politics after the Revolution. Before 1932, Thailand was governed by an absolute monarchy. The same as South Korea, even though the absolute monarchy system of Korea (Choson Dynasty) was destroyed by the Japanese Emperor in 1910, but the first state of the Republic of Korea was founded in 1948. According to the study, we can focus on the same behavior of a new leader in both Thailand and South Korea who had ruled the country. The evidence found out that the new leader had corrupted behavior in direct and indirect ways. Therefore, researchers aim to study the reasons for motivation for corruption and the management of corruption.

Extraction of Actual Faults with Adjusting the Pixel Width Parameter to Remove Undesired Noise Pixels in the Image (RPW)

Image Denoising, Deblurring, and Enhancement techniques are most commonly used on the images to reduce or completely remove the noise. The noisy images are not capable of perfectly using the solution of the desired problems such as object edge detection, object segmentation, and object classification. Because the edges of these objects have much bluer or more noise pixels for clearly stable detection. The main motivation of this study is to solve the problem of detection and elimination of the undesired noisy pixels on the encountered images. These noisy pixels are needed to be removed from the obtained images which are the results of throughout determined image processing steps. The main reason for this study motivation come out that to find the actual inscription fault has some noisy (undesired) pixels when extracting the true difference between the two images has been subtracted from each other. The subtracted image results are used in the inscription inspection process that controls the accuracy of the inscription quality. In the inscription inspection process, subtracted image results are used to determine the accuracy of the inscription quality. These subtracted images are formed by subtraction from each other of reference images and sample images. In these subtracted images if truly exist inscriptions faults or sometimes that could be occurred undesired noisy pixels at the same time in the subtraction process. This study focused on detecting and eliminating the undesired noisy pixels in order to reach actual inscription faults in the images. Thus, the remove pixels as width algorithm (RPW) has been developed and applied to these specified images.

Taking into account the personal psychological qualities of adolescent athletes when teaching geometry in Grades 7–9

The article analyzes the problem of combining educational and sports activities of schoolchildren who are professionally engaged in sports. The factors influencing the performance of school athletes, both in training and in high-performance sports, are highlighted. The features of sports activity are correlated with educational activity. The question of taking into account the personal qualities of athletes formed in the training process (cognitive motivation, striving for goals, diligence, striving for self-development), when teaching geometry is considered. The article describes the research of taking into account the individual psychological characteristics of schoolchildren in the conditions of differentiation of teaching mathematics at school. The results of studying the influence of different sports on the formation of intellectual qualities of a person are presented. Examples of tasks from the geometry course are given, which it is advisable to use in the learning process, taking into account the identified personal qualities of athletes.

Cognitive effort investment: Does disposition become action?

Contrary to the law of less work, individuals with high levels of need for cognition and self-control tend to choose harder tasks more often. While both traits can be integrated into a core construct of dispositional cognitive effort investment, its relation to actual cognitive effort investment remains unclear. As individuals with high levels of cognitive effort investment are characterized by a high intrinsic motivation towards effortful cognition, they would be less likely to increase their effort based on expected payoff, but rather based on increasing demand. In the present study, we measured actual effort investment on multiple dimensions, i.e., subjective load, reaction time, accuracy, early and late frontal midline theta power, N2 and P3 amplitude, and pupil dilation. In a sample of N = 148 participants, we examined the relationship of dispositional cognitive effort investment and effort indices during a flanker and an n-back task with varying demand and payoff. Exploratorily, we examined this relationship for the two subdimensions cognitive motivation and effortful-self-control as well. In both tasks, effort indices were sensitive to demand and partly to payoff. The analyses revealed a main effect of cognitive effort investment for accuracy (n-back task), interaction effects with payoff for reaction time (n-back and flanker task) and P3 amplitude (n-back task) and demand for early frontal midline theta power (flanker task). Taken together, our results partly support the notion that individuals with high levels of cognitive effort investment exert effort more efficiently. Moreover, the notion that these individuals exert effort regardless of payoff is partly supported, too. This may further our understanding of the conditions under which person-situation interactions occur, i.e. the conditions under which situations determine effort investment in goal-directed behavior more than personality, and vice versa.

How does loss-versus-gain message framing affect HPV vaccination intention? Mediating roles of discrete emotions and cognitive elaboration

How does loss-versus-gain message framing affect HPV vaccination intention? Mediating roles of discrete emotions and cognitive elaboration

The effectiveness of metaphors in Chinese video advertisements for depression: An experimental study

Metaphors inviting viewers to see and experience one thing in terms of another have been demonstrated as persuasive in print advertisements. However, the extent to which metaphors in video advertisements influence viewers remains underexplored. Given the increasing attention to depression in China and attempts at greater inclusivity in its media representation, we examine metaphors in video advertisements for depression-related products. We examined the influences of metaphors on (i) perceived complexity, (ii) cognitive elaboration, (iii) affective elaboration, (iv) attitudes toward the ad, and (v) purchase intentions through an experimental survey (N = 299) and semi-structured interviews (N = 29). The survey adopted a 3 (metaphor uses: feature-highlighting metaphors vs. needs-highlighting metaphors vs. literal) × 2 (product types: search products vs. experience products) design. The results showed that for (i) cognitive elaboration, (ii) affective elaboration, (iii) attitudes towards the ad, and (iv) purchase intentions, needs-highlighting metaphors outperformed other conditions regardless of product types. For experience products, features-highlighting metaphors outperformed other conditions, whereas for search products, this condition generated the lowest scores. Findings from interviews showed that metaphors activated mental images, elicited diverse emotions, and mediated the persuasive power of advertisements. However, reinforced negative appeals may elicit negative perceptions. Practical implications are discussed.

Программа психолого-педагогического сопровождения одаренных обучающихся средних классов музыкальной школы

<p>The article deals with the issues of psychological and pedagogical support of gifted children in a music school. The results of approbation of the Program of psychological and pedagogical support for children aged 10–11 years old studying at the Children’s Music School № 1 of the Podolsk city for pre-professional programs. The study involved 2 groups of children (experimental and control), as well as their parents and teachers. At the preparatory and final stages of the program implementation, the following methods were used: the children’s version of the overt anxiety scale (adapted by A.M. Prihozhan); method for determining the level of self-esteem Dembo — Rubishtein (modified by A.M. Prihozhan); technique “Unfinished sentences”; methodology for determining the attitude to the educational activities of O.N. Pakhomova; method of M. Rokeach “Value Orientations” (modified by I.Yu. Kulagina). The results obtained showed: positive dynamics in the development of the motivational sphere; maintaining the leading position of cognitive motives by the end of the 4th grade; reduction in the level of anxiety; preservation of the priority of spiritual and moral values. Thematic classes under the program contributed to the development of interpersonal skills.</p>

Effectiveness of an integrated motivational cognitive-behavioral group intervention for adolescents with gaming disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of the integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy with a strength-based motivational approach [integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT)] intervention to change gaming disorder (GD) symptoms and other outcomes and to study the therapeutic mechanism. A two-arm parallel randomized waiting-list controlled trial with 3- and 6-month follow-ups were conducted in a secondary vocational school in mainland China. Participants comprised 77 Chinese adolescents with GD symptoms with a mean age of 16.36 years [standard deviation (SD) = 0.93]; 88.3% were male INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized into an ICBT group (n = 38) and a waiting-list control (WLC, n = 39) group. ICBT intervention comprised eight weekly sessions to encourage participants to identify their interests and strengths and set goals for developing personally meaningful real-life activities. The outcomes were measured at pre-treatment (t0 ), post-treatment (t1 ), 3-month (t2 ) and 6-month (t3 ) follow-ups. The primary outcome was GD symptoms at t3. Secondary outcomes included GD symptoms at t1 and t2 , and gaming motivation, maladaptive gaming cognition, depression and anxiety symptoms at t1 , t2 and t3 . With the intention-to-treat principle, the GD scores at t3 were significantly different between the CBT and WLC groups [mean difference 62.08 (SD = 10.48) versus 73.64 (SD = 11.70); Hedges' g = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 0.67-1.62]. Linear mixed-effects modeling showed significant group × time interaction for the secondary outcomes (P < 0.01), with a moderate to strong between-group effect size in the reduction in depression symptoms (g = 0.67-0.84) and anxiety symptoms (g = 0.6-0.64). Path analysis shows ICBT leads to GD reduction through reducing gaming motivation and maladaptive gaming cognition. An integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy with strength-based motivational approach intervention reduced gaming disorder symptoms and time spent gaming over a 6-month period by decreasing maladaptive gaming motivation and cognition.

Murphy's Anselmian theism and the problem of evil

Abstract Mark Murphy has recently defended a novel account of divine agency on which God would have very minimal requiring reasons and a wide range of merely justified reasons. This account grounds his response to the problem of evil. If God would not have requiring reasons to promote the well-being of creatures, Murphy argues, then the evil we observe would not count as evidence against theism. I argue that Murphy's conclusion, if successful in undermining the problem of evil, also undermines probabilistic arguments for theism. However, there is good reason to resist his conclusion. Even if God does not have requiring reasons, but merely has justifying reasons, to promote creaturely well-being, God may nevertheless have most motivating reason to do so, and this would be enough to predict divine action, at least given Murphy's further assumption that God is perfectly free. It does not follow from the rational permissibility of God's Φ-ing that it is possible for God to Φ.

Motif Pengguna Aplikasi Tempo Di Kalangan Ibu Rumah Tangga

The purpose of this research is to find out the users’ motive in using Tempo application among housewives. This research is descriptive qualitative research, data are collected by using observation, interview and documentation. In selecting the informant, the researcher uses purposive sample technique means that people who become informants are Tempo application users with criteria decided by researcher. There are 5 housewives as informants at Pasar tais of Seluma Regency. the focus which conducted by researcher is to find out the motive used by users by using Rachmat motive theory. The theory consists of cognitive and affective motives. According to the result of research, cognitive motive of the users in using the application is to obtain the information about how to do wedding make-up, dressed with other culture and knowledge about the lates artists’ make up, also the information about model dressing and wedding dress. In affective motive, the happy feeling because the users can feel the latest wedding model, obtain new experiences and expect for praise and happy if the content is viral and expect to get positive feedback from people.

Methods for Assessing the Personal Results of Mastering the Main Educational Program as a Component of Studentsʼ Self-Development

Currently, in the education system of our country, interest in the diagnosis and assessment of the personal development of the child is again increasing. Moreover, the approach that the modern education system offers is characterized by scale and structure. Educational institutions have been offered new federal state educational standards. The standard indicates that the assessment of the personal results of students should be carried out in the aspect of the readiness and ability of students to self-development, the formation of motivation for learning and cognition, the development of value and semantic attitudes of students, reflecting their individual and personal positions, the development of social competencies and personal qualities, as well as the foundations of civic identity. Requirements for achieving personal results in regulatory documents are not supported by diagnostic tools – diagnostics. Educational results are proposed to be developed by educational organizations independently, which cannot but cause them difficulties. The indicated problem can be solved by creating a diagnostic apparatus for assessing the pedagogical conditions of personality-oriented education in a particular educational organization, taking into account the age characteristics of children. The article reveals the methods of assessing personal results and pays special attention to the method of mapping.