Cognitive-behavioral Psychotherapy Research Articles

Audiovisual Stimulation and Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy Complex Application in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Long COVID: a Prospective Randomized Study

INTRODUCTION. The COVID-19 pandemic has created threats and risks not only for the physical but for the mental health of people as well. To date, there is insufficient scientific data on anxiety, depression in patients who have undergone COVID-19, and the clinical effectiveness of comprehensive medical rehabilitation programs in patients with post-COVID disorders.
 AIM. Tostudy the clinical effectiveness of the use of audiovisual stimulation and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy in the complex rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID syndrome.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 59 patients with the long COVID disorders from 1 to 6 months after the disease, of which 41 (69.5 %) women and 18 (30.5 %) men aged between 31 and 81, with the mean age being 59.73 ± 1.59 years. All the patients were randomized into two groups. Group I (main) included 29 patients, 9 men, 20 women, the mean age 60.72 ± 2.04 years, who underwent medical rehabilitation using audiovisual stimulation and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy techniques. The II (control group) included 30 patients, including 9 men, 21 women; the mean age was 58.63 ± 2.44 years, who underwentrehabilitation consisting of a standard set of measures. To objectify emotional disturbances, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the author’s computer program for assessing subjective comfort, situational and personal anxiety were used. Statistical data processing was carried out using the program “Statistica-10“. The degree of differences in quantitative indicators in the groups was assessed by the Wilconson test, the significance of differences between the groups after the treatment was made by the Mann-Whitney test (p). The assessment of qualitative indicators was carried out by analyzing multifield tables using the Pearson chi-square test.
 RESULTS. The use of audiovisual stimulation and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy in the complex rehabilitation of patients with long COVID disorder syndrome contributed to the regression of emotional disorders, as evidenced by statistically significant changes in indicators on the HADS, Spielberger-Khanin, State Scale (p 0.05). No signs of anxiety and depression were observed after the treatment in 27 (93.1 %) patients. Average (reference) levels of situational and personal anxiety were observed in 28 (96.6 %) and 21 (72.4%) patients, respectively. The subjective comfort index reached a high level in 19 (65.5 %) (p 0.0001) patients.
 DISCUSSION. The study showed that patients who had suffered COVID-19 and had long COVID disorders before the treatment were under the influence of a high-intensity stressful situation, experienced high-level anxiety and experienced severe psycho-emotional stress. The use of audiovisual stimulation and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy helped to increase the number of patients without anxiety and depressive symptoms (p 0.05), reduce the high level of situational and personal anxiety on the Spielberger-Khanin scale (p 0.05), and increase tolerance to psychological stress and the ability to independently cope with stress and its consequences.
 CONCLUSION. A comprehensive rehabilitation program, including audiovisual stimulation and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, helps to effectively relieve emotional stress and change the inappropriate behavior of patients with long COVID disorders.

Internet technologies in the psychological rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases: literature review

The review includes an analysis of the literature sources PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and eLibrary databases for the last 5 years (20182022) and the current year 2023 concerning Internet technologies used in the psychological rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Several options for using the Internet in the psychological rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases are considered, including online resources for interactive information exchange and psychological support, Internet-based psychoeducation, online programs for improving psychological state, and remote psychocorrection. Modern Internet technologies are becoming increasingly important in patients with cardiovascular diseases, opening up new avenues for implementing psychological rehabilitation programs in cardiorehabilitation. Because of its accessibility and effectiveness in lowering anxiety and depressive symptoms, Internet programs based on cognitive behavioral psychotherapy are increasingly being used to improve the psychological state of patients with cardiovascular diseases. The use of Internet technologies in the psychological rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases helps patients adhere to cardiac rehabilitation. The results show the importance of incorporating Internet technologies into the psychological rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases and the need for further research to comprehensively study existing and developing new options for using the Internet in psychological rehabilitation.

Чат-бот как способ поддержки жертв школьной травли

<p style="text-align: justify;">This article is devoted to an overview of the sources on therapeutic chatbots, as well as a description of the problem of creating an anti-bullying chatbot. Most chatbots work on the basis of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and are aimed at preventing depressive vessels in adults. There are no anti-bullying chatbots yet. There are at least two reasons: the exceptional situation of bullying and the legal aspects of working with teenagers. The specificity of the bullying situation is working with the patient in real life and health conditions. Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the most appropriate method of dealing with victims of school transportation. The legal aspect includes the signing of a data revision resolution and the status of a minor in the conclusion of legal negotiations. The article proposes the idea of an author's chatbot, also based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and psychological first aid. The author's dialogue agent includes three blocks: work on emotional manifestations, psychoeducation and acute stress relief. In total, the algorithm includes five emotional channels - four dysfunctional and single-functional. The severity of emotional disturbances is measured on a five-point scale and a mood log, by detecting which you can track the effectiveness of the chatbot. A chatbot cannot implement all the functions of therapy, but it can help reduce the level of emotional stress.</p>

Особенности полового самосознания у больных с органическим расстройством личности и множественными расстройствами сексуального предпочтения

<p style="text-align: justify;">The article analyzes the results of an empirical study aimed at assessing the dynamics of the parameters of sexual self-awareness and the tendency to aggressive behavior in interpersonal interaction in persons suffering from organic personality disorder with multiple disorders of sexual preference in the process of compulsory treatment. 30 patients were examined before and after the course of treatment (psychopharmacological effects in combination with antiandrogens and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy). The following methods were used: “MyF”, “CTO”, “Coding”, the “Hands” test of Wagner. The changes in the psychological characteristics and parameters of sexual self-consciousness revealed in the course of the study allowed us to identify actual targets for psychotherapeutic influence and were taken into account by us when determining the assessment of the risk of relapse and the degree of social danger of patients.</p>

Chinese herbal medicine combined with cognitive–behavioural therapy for avoidant paruresis: a controlled trial

BackgroundAvoidant paruresis is a common clinical condition in urology and psychosomatic medicine. However, it has limited treatment options that are safe and effective with few side effects.AimsOur study aimed to...

Protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico del insomnio

Insomnia is a pathological process that requires adequate clinical management using a treatment strategy aimed at controlling it. It is crucial to establish the moment in which insomnia appeared and determine if there is any associated disease. When resorting to a pharmacological treatment, the lowest possible dose should be taken and for short or intermittent time periods, especially with drugs that have a greater risk of tolerance and addiction. Regarding psychotherapeutic treatment, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and relaxation techniques are the main interventions to take into account.

Protocolo de tratamiento del paciente con riesgo de suicidio

Each year, more than 700,000 suicides occur in the world. It continues to be the main external cause of death in Spain, ahead of traffic accidents. For this reason, the WHO now considers suicide a public health problem. Among the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior are mood disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, social isolation, and deteriorated physical health.In order to prevent suicidal behavior, it is necessary for clinicians to be trained in detecting these risk factors and for determining the possibility of immediate action by the patient, which is a key criterion for hospitalization.The most effective treatment for patients with depression is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), together with cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Lithium carbonate and electroconvulsive therapy are alternatives in especially resistant cases.

Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback and Psychotherapy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Description of a Case Report to Shed Light on this Understudied Condition

Background: Although there is minimal information on the role of stress in PCOS, it is well-known that it may trigger the exacerbation and maintenance of the disease. Despite there being only a few studies in the literature, many researchers highlighted situations of autonomic hyperactivation characterizing PCOS. In light of these assumptions, the purpose of this study is to report on a patient who underwent psychological intervention to enhance stress management skills. Case: A 30-year-old woman was referred by the endocrinologist. From a clinical-psychological point of view, the condition of the patient was characterized by a modest psychophysiological activation. Interpersonal difficulties did not allow the patient to benefit from the social support of her loved ones, further favoring the maintenance of the excessive arousal generated by stressful life events. The patient was treated with HRV-Biofeedback integrated within cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. Discussion: The multidimensional intervention brought benefits to the patient, teaching her better stress management strategies (i.e., reduction of psychological symptoms and improvement of hormonal tests). Keeping in mind the interplay between physiological, psychological, and interpersonal factors is fundamental in all psycho-somatic and somato-psychic disorders and is crucial to enhance the use of specific treatments to restore psychophysical well-being.

Addressing the autism mental health crisis: the potential of phenomenology in neurodiversity-affirming clinical practices.

The neurodiversity movement has introduced a new era for autism research. Yet, the neurodiversity paradigm and the autism clinic remain largely unconnected. With the present work, we aim to contribute to filling this lacuna by putting forward phenomenology as a foundation for developing neurodiversity-affirming clinical interventions for autism. In the first part of this paper, we highlight that autistic people face a severe mental health crisis. We argue that approaches focused on reducing autistic 'symptoms' are unlikely to solve the problem, as autistic mental health is positively correlated with autism acceptance and perceived quality of support provided, not necessarily with lack of 'symptomatologic severity'. Therefore, the development and dissemination of neurodiversity-affirming clinical interventions is key for addressing the autism mental health crisis. However, therapists and researchers exploring such neurodiversity-affirming practices are faced with two significant challenges. First, they lack concrete methodological principles regarding the incorporation of neurodiversity into clinical work. Second, they need to find ways to acknowledge rightful calls to respect the 'autistic self' within the clinic, while also challenging certain beliefs and behaviors of autistic clients in a manner that is sine qua non for therapy, irrespective of neurotype. In the second part of the paper, we introduce phenomenological psychology as a potential resource for engaging with these challenges in neurodiversity-affirming approaches to psychotherapy. In this vein, we put forward specific directions for adapting cognitive behavioral and interpersonal psychotherapy for autism.

ANALYSIS OF NURSING CARE IN PATIENTS WITH SENSORY PERCEPTION DISORDERS THROUGH APPLICATION OF THERAPY THOUGHT STOPPING

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that can affect individual thoughts, feelings and behavior. Schizophrenia is part of a psychotic disorder which is primarily characterized by loss of understanding of reality and loss of self-view. Thought stopping is one of a cognitive behavioral psychotherapy technique that can be used to help clients change their thought processes. Sources of data obtained using primary and secondary data, primary data obtained by means of interviews with respondents, while secondary data related to case studies obtained from medical records.The subjects of this case study were schizophrenic patients with sensory perception disorders at Prof Dr Soerojo Psychiatric Hospital, with the number of case study subjects 3 patients who experience sensory perception disorders. The instrument is a measuring tool to measure what will be measured. The instrument for this case study method uses the PYSRAT (Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale). The nursing actions applied to three schizophrenic clients with sensory perception disorders in this case study focused on the application of thought stopping. The intervention was carried out 3 times with a duration of 10-15 minutes at each visit. Based on the application that has been done on clients, it is known that thought stopping can help reduce signs and symptoms and control sensory perceptual disorders. The results of sensory perception getting better.
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Investigation of contemporary college students' mental health status and construction of a risk prediction model.

Due to academic pressure, social relations, and the change of adapting to independent life, college students are under high levels of pressure. Therefore, it is very important to study the mental health problems of college students. Developing a predictive model that can detect early warning signals of college students' mental health risks can help support early intervention and improve overall well-being. To investigate college students' present psychological well-being, identify the contributing factors to its decline, and construct a predictive nomogram model. We analyzed the psychological health status of 40874 university students in selected universities in Hubei Province, China from March 1 to 15, 2022, using online questionnaires and random sampling. Factors influencing their mental health were also analyzed using the logistic regression approach, and R4.2.3 software was employed to develop a nomogram model for risk prediction. We randomly selected 918 valid data and found that 11.3% of college students had psychological problems. The results of the general data survey showed that the mental health problems of doctoral students were more prominent than those of junior college students, and the mental health of students from rural areas was more likely to be abnormal than that of urban students. In addition, students who had experienced significant life events and divorced parents were more likely to have an abnormal status. The abnormal group exhibited significantly higher Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scores than the healthy group, with these differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05). The nomogram prediction model drawn by multivariate analysis included six predictors: The place of origin, whether they were single children, whether there were significant life events, parents' marital status, regular exercise, intimate friends, and the PHQ-9 score. The training set demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.972 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.947-0.997], a specificity of 0.888 and a sensitivity of 0.972. Similarly, the validation set had a ROC AUC of 0.979 (95%CI: 0.955-1.000), with a specificity of 0.942 and a sensitivity of 0.939. The H-L deviation test result was χ2 = 32.476, P = 0.000007, suggesting that the model calibration was good. In this study, nearly 11.3% of contemporary college students had psychological problems, the risk factors include students from rural areas, divorced parents, non-single children, infrequent exercise, and significant life events.

Effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy on rehabilitation of community patients with schizophrenia: A short-term randomized control trial.

The efficacy of cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) for cognitive dys-function and negative symptoms of schizophrenia is established, but more evidence is required. To assess the effectiveness of CBGT combined with mental health education as a treatment for schizophrenia compared with mental health education alone. In all, 120 schizophrenia out-patients were randomized into CBGT combined with mental health education or single mental health education. The primary outcomes were positive and negative symptoms, cognitive function, excitatory factor, anxiety and depression symptom improvements on the positive and negative syndrome scale score. Secondary outcome measures included social function and drug compliance. There were significant differences between CBGT combined with mental health education and single mental health education on measures of positive and negative symptoms, cognitive functions, excitatory factor, anxiety and depression symptoms, and social functions. No other significant difference in outcomes was observed. CBGT combined with mental health education may be relevant beneficial treatment method in reducing symptoms, cognitive and social functions of patients with schizophrenia.

Role of adjunctive nonpharmacological strategies for treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder.

Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder (RCBD) is a phase of bipolar disorder defined by the presence of ≥ 4 mood episodes in a year. It is a common phenomenon characterized by greater severity, a predominance of depression, higher levels of disability, and poorer overall outcomes. It is resistant to treatment by conventional pharmacotherapy. The existing literature underlines the scarcity of evi-dence and the gaps in knowledge about the optimal treatment strategies for RCBD. However, most reviews have considered only pharmacological treatment options for RCBD. Given the treatment-refractory nature of RCBD, nonpharmacological interventions could augment medications but have not been adequately examined. This review carried out an updated and comprehensive search for evidence regarding the role of nonpharmacological therapies as adjuncts to medications in RCBD. We identified 83 reviews and meta-analyses concerning the treatment of RCBD. Additionally, we found 42 reports on adjunctive nonpharmacological treatments in RCBD. Most of the evidence favoured concomitant electroconvulsive therapy as an acute and maintenance treatment. There was pre-liminary evidence to suggest that chronotherapeutic treatments can provide better outcomes when combined with medications. The research on adjunctive psychotherapy was particularly scarce but suggested that psychoeducation, cognitive behavioural therapy, family interventions, and supportive psychotherapy may be helpful. The overall quality of evidence was poor and suffered from several methodological shortcomings. There is a need for more methodologically sound research in this area, although clinicians can use the existing evidence to select and individualize nonpharmacological treatment options for better management of RCBD. Patient summaries are included to highlight some of the issues concerning the implementation of adjunctive nonpharmacological treatments.

Pilot study of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression for treatment response to escitalopram in panic disorder.

Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are currently considered the first-line treatment for panic disorder (PD). However, little is known about the relationship between the biomarkers that may predict better treatment. To compare genome-wide methylation and gene expression patterns between responsive and non-responsive patients with PD after 4 wk of escitalopram treatment. Thirty patients with PD were enrolled in this study (responders = 13; non-responders = 17). All patients were assessed using the PD Severity Scale-Chinese version before and after treatment. The Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC (850k) BeadChip for genome-wide methylation screening and mRNA sequencing was used in all patients with PD. A total of 701 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were found between responders and non-responders (|Δβ| ≥ 0.06, q < 0.05), and the hyper- and hypomethylated CpG sites were 511 (72.9%) and 190 (27.1%), respectively. Relative to non-responders, there were 59 differential transcripts, of which 20 were downregulated and 39 were upregulated (q < 0.05). However, no differentially expressed genes were identified by mRNA sequencing after correcting for multiple testing (|log2(FC)| > 1, q > 0.05). This preliminary study showed that DMPs might be associated with the treatment response to escitalopram in PD; however, these DMPs need to be verified in large samples.

Facing and Overcoming Pain Through Scientific Evidence: The Imperative of Exposure as a Psychological Technique for Cognitive Behavioral Treatments in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

On the basis of a research study on cognitive behavioral psychotherapies conducted between 2016 and 2020, this article analyzes exposure as a psychological technique focused on facing and overcoming distressing situations that interfere with everyday life and cause pain. Said psychotherapies have gained more relevance in Argentina in recent years. Their development and institutionalization continued during the first decades of the new millennium. By the late 1990s, there were social and economic transformations that modified people's lives and produced different types of suffering. In addition, that scenario was set with subjectivity models based on the importance of being autonomous and responsible in different spheres of daily life (including healthcare). Accordingly, current social imperatives such as "you can do it" or "give it another try" become values linked to personal realization that are assimilated by these psychotherapies through techniques such as exposure. In that respect, this article aims at analyzing exposure as a psychological technology with evidence-based epistemological presuppositions and problem-solving models based on the subjects' individual commitment. Unlike most social-anthropological studies that connect the notion of exposure to that of risk, from a cognitive behavioral standpoint, self-exposing and overcoming the cause of distress is associated with a successful therapeutic process. This study used a qualitative methodology, and the technique was the analysis drawn from 30 semi-structured interviews with cognitive behavioral psychologists from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Depression and anxiety: A systematic review on comparing ecotherapy with cognitive behavioral therapy

The positive effects of nature on people's mental health are not only relevant for boosting their lifestyles, but could also play a role in the treatment of mental illness. To this end, the following systematic review investigates whether ecotherapy can achieve similar success as conventional cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy with regard to the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, and whether an integration of the two approaches might be useful. Search was conducted in several relevant databases. Following the PRISMA guidelines, forty-two articles were identified and integrated into the review after applying defined exclusion criteria. Overall, ecotherapy approaches were found to provide similar improvements in terms of short-term effects for depression as conventional psychotherapy. For anxiety disorders, there were also improvements, but data quality was low so that conclusive comparisons between ecotherapy and conventional psychotherapy are difficult to make. We discuss the potential for interventions assessing long-term effects of ecotherapy and possible use for short terms symptom reduction of ecotherapy.

Recommendations for Integrating Psychological Skills Training (PST) into Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)

The practice of sport psychology has been significantly influenced by the cognitive-behavioral approach. In particular, psychological skills training (PST) is an often-researched set of cognitive-behavioral techniques applied to sports. Recent sport psychology literature has explored how cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies (CBTs) can benefit sports. Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) has emerged as an important CBT with clear theoretical and practical implications for sports. Little has been written about the confluence of PST and REBT. The current paper proposes and details the confluence of PST and REBT drawing on core REBT theory but with an eye firmly on applied sport psychology.

The effectiveness of post-disaster psychotherapeutic interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis study.

This study aimed to determine the level of impact of post-disaster psychotherapeutic interventions. For this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the studies were accessed through the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and YÖK Thesis Center in July-September 2022 without any year limitation. As a result of the examinations, 27 studies were included in the study. The data were synthesized by meta-analysis and narrative methods. According to the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, post-disaster psychotherapeutic interventions were found to be effective (SMD:-0838, %95 CI: -1,087- 0.588; Z=-6588, p=0.000, I2 =%95,249). Individuals who have undergone psychotherapeutic interventions experience either no or fewer post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. The country/continent of the research, the types of psychotherapeutic interventions, the type of disaster, and the measurement tool used influence the effectiveness of the psychotherapeutic interventions. Psychotherapeutic interventions applied especially after earthquakes, one of the types of disasters, were found to be effective. In addition, EMDR, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and exposure method were found to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in individuals in the post-disaster period. Post-disaster psychotherapeutic interventions have positive impacts on people and improve their mental health.

A Systematic Review of Interventions Based on Judeo-Christian Principles for Patients with Substance Dependence.

Substance use disorders have significant consequences for patients and those around them. A qualitative systematic review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of religiosity and spirituality (R/S) interventions based on Judeo-Christian principles during the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with substance dependence disorder. Studies of patients of both sexes, at any age, of any nationality, and from any geographic location who were participating in treatment programs with religious elements explicitly tied to Christianity or Judaism were eligible for inclusion. Other religious interventions were excluded. Seven electronic databases were searched to identify eligible intervention studies published inEnglish until August 2021. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. JBI tools were used to assess risk of bias. Of 146 articles retrieved for full text reading, fivewere ultimately included in this review published from July 2008 to August 2021. The R/S interventions used in the included studies were music therapy in a religious context, reading of the Bible or Torah, reflexive readings, personal prayer and reflection, and religiously integrated cognitive behavioral psychotherapy with or without a comparison group. Despite the broad search, there were found only a small number of studies and little homogeneity in the data of patients that reported positive impacts of treatments. Well-designed controlled studies are needed to truly investigate the efficacy of Judeo-Christian religious interventions for helping people with substance use problems, so as to strengthen the evidence of the benefits of these type of approaches in the treatment of drug addicts.

Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Acceptance as Predictors of Sexual Satisfaction in Cisgender Heterosexual Men and Women.

Sexual satisfaction is a relevant indicator of sexual health, and psychotherapeutic interventions for sexual dysfunction also promote sexual satisfaction in men and women. Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies for sexual dysfunction, including third-wave approaches, are effective in treating sexual dysfunction. Thus, third-wave cognitive-behavioral constructs may play a significant role in sexual satisfaction. This study intends to examine the predictive role of mindfulness awareness and attention, self-compassion and acceptance, and action constructs on cisgender heterosexual men's and women's sexual satisfaction. A web survey including self-report measures for assessing mindfulness awareness and attention (MAAS), self-compassion (SCS), acceptance and action (AAQ), and sexual satisfaction (GMSEX) was disseminated during 2022, and a sample of 420 participants was collected (n = 238 women; 56.7%; n = 182 men; 43.3%). No statistically significant differences were found between cisgender heterosexual men and women on mindfulness awareness and attention, self-compassion, acceptance and action, and sexual satisfaction. In addition, all variables account for 6.5% of cisgender heterosexual men's and women's sexual satisfaction variance, and mindfulness awareness and attention, self-compassion, and acceptance and action positively predicted sexual satisfaction. Overall, mindfulness awareness and attention, self-compassion, and acceptance and action play a significant predictive role in cisgender heterosexual men's and women's sexual satisfaction.