Cognitive Activity Of Students Research Articles

Пути преодоления трудностей при формировании метапредметных достижений младших школьников на основе изучения исторического материала

The article describes the difficulties in the formation of a number of universal educational actions in younger schoolchildren, such as semantic reading, analysis of visual (pictorial) information when mastering the historical material of the course "The World Around". The informational function of a textbook on the subject "The World Around" is considered as the main means of teaching, contributing to the formation of systematized historical ideas among junior schoolchildren. The possibilities of improving the cognitive activity of students in the process of working with textual and visual information of historical content presented in the textbook are revealed, which has a direct impact on the successful acquisition of metasubject skills by primary schoolchildren, stated in the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education for learning outcomes.

ACTIVATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING

The article reveals the essence of the concept of intensification of educational and cognitive activities, analyzes the lecture form of learning and test assessment of knowledge as the most common ways to transfer, obtain information and control the acquisition of knowledge in the context of activating educational and cognitive activities of students during traditional (classroom) and remote format. It was found that the basis of cognitive activity is a complex intertwining of intellectual, volitional and emotional spheres of personality. Means of activating cognitive activity stimulate will and attention, expand opportunities for memorization, increase mental performance, optimize the functional state of students. The leading motivating factor for active mental activity of the student, as the main condition for the effectiveness and quality of learning, should be internal motivation related to personal development, professional growth, self-actualization, conscious desire to solve a problem, achieve something in life, not external coercive measures.
 Activation of educational and cognitive activities of students in the conditions of distance learning is facilitated by the following factors: awareness of the need, importance, expediency of studying the subject as a whole and by sections (topics); problem-solving, independent search and «discovery» of new knowledge; the relationship of new material with previously acquired knowledge: the more new information is related to previously acquired knowledge, the more interesting it is; educational material should be difficult enough, but feasible (too light or too complex material reduces cognitive interest); the more often the student's work is checked and evaluated (including by himself, educational devices, etc.), the more interesting it is for him to work.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE APPLIED ORIENTATION OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS TO MODERN STUDENTS OF 5-6 GRADES

The article is devoted to the problem of finding effective ways and means of organization teaching mathematics process to modern students grades 5-6. On the basis of the researched psychological and pedagogical features of digital generation Z representatives to which modern schoolboys belong, the ways of realization of the applied orientation of teaching mathematics to students of 5-6 grades are considered. According to Theory of Generations, the generations of modern students are strikingly different from all previous ones. To organize effective cooperation, a modern school must respond to the changes that have taken place in the psychology and behavior of children and take them into account when organizing the learning process.
 The analysis of the psychological scientific literature shows that modern students have an active life position, unlimited opportunities to search for information, mainly visual perception, clip thinking. They perceive information quickly, but find it more difficult to memorize and quickly switch their attention, prefer an activity-based approach to learning, and depend on their own performance. The effectiveness of teaching mathematics to students in grades 5-6 is influenced by the level of development of their thinking, and such mental processes as perception, memory, attention, thinking, imagination. The specifics of the content of the subject "mathematics" requires increased attention and cognitive activity of students, so in the learning process it is important to encourage them to consciously and thoughtfully immerse themselves in learning, self-control, responsibility and independence by involving them in practice-oriented learning activities. By offering students tasks whose plots resonate with the modern life of students and their interests, the teacher has the opportunity to awaken students' interest in learning, encourage them to feel the need for new knowledge, organize purposeful learning activities and thus build a comfortable relationship between participants in the educational process. , which are most likely representatives of different generations.

АКТИВІЗАЦІЯ НАВЧАЛЬНО-ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ УЧНІВ НА УРОКАХ ТРУДОВОГО НАВЧАННЯ ЗАСОБАМИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

У статті досліджено психолого-педагогічні основи використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій (ІКТ) в освітньому процесі, з’ясовано їх дидактичний потенціал для активізації навчально-пізнавальної діяльності учнів на уроках трудового навчання. Використання засобів ІКТ у трудовій підготовці школярів передбачає роботу з низкою сучасних програм комп’ютерної графіки (Adobe Photoshop, CorelDRAW, Quark­XPress, 3D Studio MAX, “КОМПАС” та ін.), що стимулює в учнів інтерес до художньо-творчої діяльності, сприяє активізації пізнавальних здібностей особистості.

Feature of information and communication technologies in chemical education

The article considers various forms of information and communication technologies used for the development of students activity and orientation when discussing the topic «Modern theory of atomic construction» for students of the 10th grade. At the chemistry lessons, as a factor of independent work with the use of new information tehnologies, ways of solving scientific problems in the study of learning outcomes using interactive equipment, organization, problem-solving skills, speed and skill, develop new thinking in students, form communication skills, apply modern educational programs in teaching chemistry students, supplement them, and develop students cognitive activity were considered. The practical value of the research work presented in the article is to increase students reading literacy in accordance with the development of the surrounding society and culture, to innovate the educational process, and to increase students interest in chemistry.

Методические аспекты технологии разработки электронных учебных пособий

The widespread introduction of information technologies makes significant changes in various spheres of human activity. The education sector is no exception. In this regard, in this article, the author considers the actual problem of developing electronic textbooks and is one of the most relevant and promising areas of informatization of the educational process. The analysis of the works of scientists A.A. Andreev, A.I. Bashmakov, T.I. Koval, V.M. Kukharenko, E.S. Polat, P.I. Serdyukov, S.S. Sysoeva, A.Yu. Uvarova was conducted. These works contain requirements for the development of electronic textbooks. Based on the results of the analysis, the author described the stages of developing electronic textbooks, the principles that they should correspond to, and also provided a list of modules that should make up an electronic textbook. From the existing variety of software packages, the author distinguishes CourseLab, Smart Builder, MOS Solo, Google Sites, iSpring Suite, TurboSite, Adobe Animate, HTML5. The development of electronic textbooks based on the technology presented by the author of the article and their subsequent application in the educational process will help to organize the educational and cognitive activities of students at a more effective level. Purpose is the description of the technology for the development of electronic textbooks, taking into account existing requirements. The article uses methods of analysis, synthesis and deduction. The analysis of requirements and principles of development of electronic textbooks is carried out on the basis of the descriptive-analytical method. The practical result of the proposed technology is the developed electronic textbook "Development of mobile applications". The results of the study, in addition to their theoretical significance, also have practical significance, which consists in the positive dynamics in resolving the contradiction between the continuously increasing flow of information and the limited opportunities of students to assimilate it. The conscious use of electronic textbooks in the educational process is one of the fundamental ways to improve the quality of education by changing the methods of teaching used in the direction of individualization and focus on the student.

ПОЗНАВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ КАК ВАЖНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ УЧЕБНОГО ПРОЦЕССА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ШКОЛЕ

The activation of the cognitive activity of students is one of the urgent problems at the present level of development of pedagogical theory and practice. In the process of cognition, such forms of mental activity as foresight, imagination, intuition are involved. They are based on accumulated knowledge and make it possible to predict the further development of objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. It is necessary to activate the cognitive activity of students and increase interest in learning at every stage of any lesson, using various methods, forms, and types of work for this: a differentiated approach to children, individual work in the lesson, various didactic, illustrative handouts, technical teaching aids, and others. Key words: modern pedagogy, cognition, lesson, cognitive activity, psychology

Свобода выбора темы проекта как основа познавательной активности будущих дизайнеров

A lot has already been written on the problem of the development of students’ creative activity, the experience is described in a number of publications by domestic and foreign authors. All of them recognize that being active is the core of the professional training of any specialist. Design today as a field of activity is in great demand, which significantly increases the requirements for graduates. Employers point out that some of them do not show the necessary responsibility in the design process. There are many reasons for this, but the most often cited are insufficient interest in the outside world, low activity, lack of initiative. Unfortunately, it should be noted that the cognitive activity of students in design engineering has been little studied, and the teaching methodology often has to be borrowed from related disciplines. Finding ways to maintain creativity in design is highly relevant. To study the influence of the freedom of choice of the design topic on cognitive activity, experimental work was carried out with bachelor students, future designers. The experiment proceeded in three stages, each of which had its own tasks and results. The results of the experimental work showed that freedom in choosing a topic is an important factor in teaching methods and has a positive effect on the preservation of students' cognitive activity in educational design and further professional activity.

Framing of the Subjective Attitude to the Acquired Competencies of Helping Professions in the Educational Environment of the University

This article presents the research results of the dynamic of the formation of a person subjective attitude to supporting specialists' competencies in the educational environment of a university. The relevance of the study is due, on the one hand, to insufficient knowledge of the concept of "educational environment", its structure, correlation with other concepts, such as a multicultural environment, professional competencies. On the other hand, the study of the psychology of competencies and their structure, specificity (on the example of a specific group of professions), diagnostics, psychological and pedagogical conditions of formation. The practical significance of the study lies in examining professional competencies through the personal components of students, which are the subjective attitude of the individual. Empirical research was based on the use of quantitative data collection methods that reveal the concept of a person's subjective attitude. The sample consisted of 140 students of the faculties of "General Medicine" and "Social Work and Clinical Psychology" of The Volgograd State Medical University, who were trained in the second (2016) and fourth year (2018). The assessment of the attitude of students to the content of professional competencies of supporting specialists was measured using the author's methodology based on a list of general cultural and professional competencies declared in educational standards and selected by the subjects in accordance with the basic principles and rules of conducting a diagnostic study. The data obtained is processed through descriptive statistics. As a result, the structure and content of the subjective attitude of the individual was described, which includes the motivational ("important"), operational ("own") and pragmatic ("use") aspects of competencies. The course of study, the emerging "motivational stress", the organized conditions of the educational environment, involvement in practical professional activity determine the structure of the subjective attitude of students to the competencies being mastered: the structure of the second course of study is presented as "the motivational aspect – the operational aspect – the pragmatic aspect" of competencies, the structure of the fourth course of study – "pragmatic aspect – operational aspect – motivational aspect" of competencies. The choice of various psychological and pedagogical technologies in the training of specialists in helping professions as one of the effective conditions of the educational environment is aimed at manifesting, on the one hand, the cognitive activity of students, on the other, the formation of a positive attitude towards mastering a set of competencies. Information technologies and technologies for the development of critical thinking are aimed at developing research competencies. Interactive technologies of imitation and discussion types contribute to the development of a communicative group of competencies of supporting specialists, as well as conducting joint classes of Russian and foreign students, implementing patronage cooperation, etc. The results obtained can be taken into account in the practice of psychological, professional and socio-cultural support and adaptation of foreign and Russian students to supporting professions.

Information transformation as the basis for probabilistic thinking development of biology students at a pedagogical university

In the conditions of an intensive information flow and the expansion of the authors rights, there has been a change in the ways of working with scientific texts, in filling them with meaning. Working on text transformation, in whatever forms it may take place, is the most important activity for mastering the scientific language. Sketching (the method of visual notes) can be successfully used in teaching at a higher school, since it stimulates the cognitive activity of students from understanding the authors intention of the text to its transformation and giving personal meaning. Sketching is a convenient tool for the perception and processing of scientific information. These are polycode texts in which information is transmitted by verbal and non-verbal figurative and pictorial means. It is also a method for rendering the content. These are also techniques for working with texts that make it easier for students to work with complex information (facilitate the perception and understanding of their content). This paper gives recommendations on the use of sketching for students to study texts on the history and methodology of biology. Mastering the basics of in-depth understanding and creative reproduction of the text, their repeated playback provides the basis for the development of the teachers professionalism.

Use Of Game Technologies In The Process Of Professional Training

In this article possibilities of application of game technologies in professional training of students are opened, types of the games generally connected with future professional activity of today's students are designated and characterized; the factors promoting the effective organization of occupations with use of research, problem games and games of administrative character are defined. In article the technique of preparation and carrying out games is stated, requirements to observance of stages of game occupations are noted. The special attention is paid to need of communication of the scenario of game with the content of studied scientific disciplines and with real life situations. By the author value of application of game technologies for development of cognitive activity of students, increase of interest to a profession, strengthening of communication of theoretical knowledge and practical skills is emphasized.

Тестування як один із методів педагогічного вимірювання

The article updates information about testing as one of the objective methods of pedagogical measurement. The author analyzes different views of foreign and domestic researchers on the concept of "testing". It was found that it is considered as a method, tool, measuring instrument, task, set of questions, set of test tasks, concluded under certain rules, and which differs from the examination work in terms of involving measurement. The article reveals basic requirements for structuring the test, as well as for tasks in test form. The author concludes that all tasks in test form may be divided in two types: open and closed, which in turn have certain modifications; the features of each type of test tasks are described in detail, their advantages and disadvantages are indicated. The article analyzes the quality criteria of the test, namely: its validity, reliability, representativeness, efficiency, or processability, cost-effectiveness, and complexity of tasks. In addition, the article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of testing comparing with other methods of monitoring the results of educational and cognitive activities of students. It is concluded that the use of testing as an objective method of measuring knowledge, skills and abilities is expedient. It is noted that in order to prevent subjectivism in evaluation of the results of educational and cognitive activities of students, special measurement scales should be used, namely: normative, ordinal and rating; features of application of each of these scales are being considered.

The use of the Internet for the development of value orientations of Russian students in heuristic cognitive activity: problems and solutions

The purpose of the article is to consider of the possibilities of using the Internet in the development of value orientations of Russian students in the course of heuristic cognitive activity. When polling a representative sample of students with a creative level of development of the research potential, we found that in heuristic cognitive activity when using the Internet, students are primarily attracted by unusual facts (45%), the ability to speculate about the meaning of certain concepts, statements and effects (34 %). A survey of a general sample of high school students (N = 2095) during a formative experiment with the participation of students in grades 8-11 revealed a wide range of problems of realization of value orientations and meanings of students in cognitive activity of students. These are the opportunities to study various theories on the Internet, problems in the implementation of value orientations and the meanings of the cognitive activity of students: from the possibility of studying various theories on the Internet and using them to explain incomprehensible phenomena, processes. Only 18% of students are always satisfied with the possibilities of the Internet in the heuristic cognitive activity of students, 43% of respondents are often satisfied, sometimes 34% of high school students; 5% of respondents are completely dissatisfied.

REALIZATION OF SUBJECT-SUBJECT INTERACTION IN CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES BY MEANS OF ICT

The article examines innovative aspects of distance learning of a foreign language using ICT in current epidemiological realities. The authors have analysed advantages of the introduction of ICT in distance learning of foreign languages as an effective technical visual and auditory tool and a mean of educational and cognitive activity of students, which helps to increase the motivation and desire of students to learn a foreign language. Means of increasing interactive and communicative activity in the process of learning foreign languages have been researched. The use of ICT in the educational process (foreign language teaching) makes it possible to bring something new to the usual forms of work of a teacher of higher education institution and a teacher of general secondary education, which contributes to discovering more interesting, more comprehensive and more complete innovative potential of distance learning. In this context, the use of ICT contributes to a clearer presentation of even complex learning material and thus allows to reduce learning time for successful mastering of topics. With the implementation of ICT (Zoom, Skype, Teams, etc.) in the process of distance learning of a foreign language, you can not only create an artificial foreign language environment, but also bring it closer to the natural, through the organization of communication with native speakers. Thanks to ICT in the process of distance learning it is possible to solve problems of learning foreign languages in cooperation, as well as individualization and differentiation of learning considering various factors: level of foreign language proficiency, speed of learning, time limits, learning style, personal educational needs and learning pathways etc.

IMPLEMENTATION EXPERIENCE OF DISTANCE LEARNING UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE PANDEMIC

The modern information society formulates tasks for the education of professionals who are able to adapt quickly to life situations, acquire the necessary knowledge and apply them in practice without assistance. Problems with the provision of education, which arose during the establishment of quarantine and the introduction of enhanced anti-epidemic measures in areas with a high prevalence of acute respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus, required in real life to find ways to solve them rationally, using modern technologies. The situation made teachers work with information properly, be communicative, work on the development of their own IT competence by themselves. The development of modern technologies has diversified the methods of communication between teachers and students. This article presents an analysis of the implementation of distance learning in the Zaporizhzhia region and focuses on the difficulties faced by teachers, students, their parents, and ways to reduce the problems of introducing distance learning environment in particular. Monitoring the activities of various participants in the educational process provides opportunities to systematize information and provide recommendations for overcoming such difficulties. The experience of 2020 and the results of the survey showed that there was almost no separate distance and e-learning. An online survey was conducted during March 2021 in order to determine the opinion of teachers in the Zaporozhzhia region on the organization of educational and cognitive activities of students in the form of distance learning. The effectiveness of distance learning in educational institutions of the Zaporozhzhia region depends on the technical support of the educational process, the skill of teachers involved in this process, the use of effective communication. Survey participants believe that teacher motivation has less impact on the effectiveness of distance learning than the motivation of the learner. According to many respondents, the schedule of lessons has not changed, but the usual schedule of life has changed dramatically. Many educators emphasize that they work at a computer for more than half a day. Analysis of statistical data and freely expressed opinions of teachers, participants of the survey, suggests that no effective solutions have been found for the organization of "distance" learning, but there are teachers who respond positively to the existing situation and are in innovative search.

Effective methods of teaching and learning architecture and construction terminology in higher education

This article explores the use of various innovative methods in the process of teaching architecture terms in English, to improve the communicative competencies and communication skills of students of non-linguistic faculties of the university. The article discusses improving the level of language competence and cognitive activity of students, improving the quality of language training of specialists and their needs in learning a foreign language.

VISUAL-ACTIONAL BASIS OF FORMATION OF IDEAS AND CONCEPTS ABOUT THE AREA OF A GEOMETRIC SHAPE IN STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

The article analyzes the works of domestic scholars and teachers who studied the specificity of the acquisition of geometric knowledge by students with intellectual disabilities. Special attention is paid to the formation of ideas and concepts about the area of a geometric shape and the units of its measurement. The article argues that there is a connection between the level of acquisition of concepts formed at mathematics lessons and their application in practical and professional activity. The author looks for the reasons, both objective and subjective, of inadequate acquisition of geometric material, leading to the verbalism of knowledge, poor differentiation of the concepts, and difficulties in using the knowledge by students in practice. The methods of studying square measures and calculating the areas of geometric shapes in education institutions implementing adapted basic general education programs are described. The study of geometry in such organizations should be visual-actional. The methodological basis of the formation of concepts and ideas in students with intellectual disabilities involves object-based practical activity, in the process of which practical actions are described verbally, a connection is made between material and external speech forms of action, and personal experience is generalized and moves to a higher symbolic-ideal level, exerting a rehabilitation effect on the development of thinking and cognitive activity of students. The article considers the methods and techniques of preventive rehabilitation work in the process of studying this topic, such as methods of comparison, juxtaposition, finding common and distinctive features of the studied concepts, etc. The author formulates recommendations to the teachers on the implementation of interdisciplinary connections that allow using the personal experience of students at geometry lessons.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ МИСТЕЦЬКИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

Under today’s conditions the system of higher education should gradually but steadily move from the transfer of information to managing educational and cognitive activities of students, to forming their skills of creative independent work. This problem is especially topical for students of artistic specialties, in particular, music students. Their independent work actively influences the nature and quality of educational process throughout the whole period of instruction, underlies artistic education and is an important part of training process. Based on the above, there is a need to reorient the educational process so that professional development of future specialists would be primarily aimed at forming the skills of independent work. The effectiveness of independent work directly depends on the methodology of its organization. It should organically continue classroom work. From the standpoint of management approach to the organization of students’ independent work we understand this category as a purposeful activity of the teacher, ensuring the effective functioning of educational process and development of professional skills of students as the objects of management. The technology of carrying out independent work by the student-musician largely depends on his/her performing skills, as well as command of methods of working on a musical work and methods of processing scientific and scientific-pedagogical sources. The teacher determines the type of independent work (for example, learning musical works of educational or children’s repertoire, scales, etudes, etc.), which is performed by the student, as well as where and how he/she reports on completing tasks for independent work. The system of independent classes should also cover other types of educational performance activities, namely: reading music at sight, transposing, creating variants of artistic interpretation, artistic-pedagogical and performance analysis of musical works, etc. Each of the listed activities has its own specificity and therefore presupposes appropriate forms and methods of independent work. Thus, the effective training of students of artistic specialties should be aimed at forming their ability to independent creative activity, which should become one of the strategic directions of building a qualitatively new system of training.

Realization of the artistic potential of the personality of students in the educational process: on the example of a pedagogical university

The article is devoted to the comprehension of modern problems of the development of the creative potential of the personality of students of a pedagogical university. The psychological and pedagogical nature of creative thinking is studied and emphasized, in accordance with which methods and conditions of teaching that need to be transformed are proposed. Taking into account the intensity of the influence of the informational space, the peculiarities of training and creative activity of students are also considered. A scientific method for the formation of creative ideas at the stage of search is proposed. The pedagogical conditions and requirements for teachers of the pedagogical department are formulated, which are necessary for the successful development of students’ creative abilities. The proposals for stimulating the creative and cognitive activity of students are generalized, namely, for their inclusion in exhibition and project activities throughout the entire course of study. The features of the development of the artistic potential of a student’s personality in artistic and educational activities are taken into account, the characteristics of the main level of development is given.

Специфика когнитивной деятельности в условиях учебного дискурса

We consider the issue of modeling the cognitive activity of an individual in the context of educational discourse. In the context of educational discourse, the presentation of new material is carried out through educational texts, the acquired knowledge is checked and consolidated, which becomes particularly relevant in the context of new requirements for language training in educational institutions of different levels. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study different aspects of the functioning of the educational discourse in the context of the tasks of the updated content of Kazakhstan's secondary education. The educational text as a product of the author's written speech activity is the main form of knowledge transfer to schoolchildren. The most important characteristic of the educational text is expressed in the presence of educational, cultural, educational, and developmental components in it. The main purpose of the educational text is to store information, and in the process of its transmission – to influence the consciousness of students, motivating them to work with the educational material, the development of their creative qualities. An important fact is that the volume and nature of pre-text information vary among people, and therefore the study of individual perception of educational discourse in the process of mastering new knowledge should be based on modeling the cognitive activity of the student, taking into account their apperceptive base. In this paper, the specifics of the cognitive activity of students in the context of educational discourse are considered on the example of real educational texts.