Cognitive Aspects Research Articles

Antecedents of undergraduate research skills and the mediating role of grit

ABSTRACT This study offers a structural model that explores constructs such as mentoring, affinity for technology, need for cognition, and self-efficacy for promoting students’ research skills, emphasizing the mediating role of grit. The proposed model is guided by Bandura’s social learning theory, which helps explain how students acquire research skills through social interaction, observation, and imitation. An empirical self-perception survey of 568 undergraduate students with completed research projects was carried out using partial least squares – structural equation modelling. Four significant findings advance the domain literature. First, the findings reveal that mentoring alone is not associated with research skills but is mediated by grit. Second, students’ affinity for technology is positively associated with research skills but is not mediated by grit. Such a finding agrees with the notion that using digital tools helps students facilitate essential resources to improve their ability to collect, analyze, and communicate research findings. Third, while students’ inclination towards critical thinking and problem-solving are undoubtedly relevant to research, these cognitive aspects alone are not directly linked to research skills without those traits associated with grit, effectively highlighting the significant mediating role of grit. Finally, self-efficacy is significantly associated with developing research skills and is partially mediated by grit, as students may be more confident and motivated to implement research tasks. The presence of grit supports self-efficacy by advancing the resilience of students when faced with challenges. Insights from these findings contain theoretical and practical takeaways that could guide university practitioners in enhancing students’ research skills.

Peran Ayah Dalam Pendidikan Anak

Fathers have a role in the family, including children. This study aims to describe the role of fathers in children's education. This research is descriptive in nature by distributing questionnaires in the form of Google Forms. The results of this study show 93.8% stated that fathers are involved in children's education. Fathers can perform the role of fatherhood in the family well if they feel happy to be a father. Fathers have a role that is no less important than mothers. Physical involvement of fathers when children eat, do homework or play activities with children improves children's cognitive, social, and creative aspects. Self-development of knowledge about parenting is done by fathers by following their instincts, sharing experiences with friends, reading books, and participating in parenting activities.

Challenges and Strategies in Teaching Mandarin Chinese Tones

Tone instruction is an integral component of Chinese as an additional language (CAL) education. The present study aimed to explore the challenges and strategies of teaching of Mandarin Chinese tones in the multilingual and multicultural context of Macau SAR, China. Employing a qualitative methodology, this study drew on multiple data sources (e.g. classroom observations and interviews) of five participants. It revealed various challenges in teaching Mandarin Chinese tones, such as the backgrounds of CAL learners, the teaching context, and the sociocultural environment. At the same time, the teacher participants employed a range of strategies that included cognitive, emotional, and behavioural aspects to address these challenges. This study not only enriches our understanding of the complexities of Mandarin Chinese tones teaching but also provides practical implications for CAL teachers in teaching Mandarin Chinese tones within complex teaching contexts.

Toward the design of persuasive systems for a healthy workplace: a real-time posture detection.

Persuasive technologies, in connection with human factor engineering requirements for healthy workplaces, have played a significant role in ensuring a change in human behavior. Healthy workplaces suggest different best practices applicable to body posture, proximity to the computer system, movement, lighting conditions, computer system layout, and other significant psychological and cognitive aspects. Most importantly, body posture suggests how users should sit or stand in workplaces in line with best and healthy practices. In this study, we developed two study phases (pilot and main) using two deep learning models: convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Yolo-V3. To train the two models, we collected posture datasets from creative common license YouTube videos and Kaggle. We classified the dataset into comfortable and uncomfortable postures. Results show that our YOLO-V3 model outperformed CNN model with a mean average precision of 92%. Based on this finding, we recommend that YOLO-V3 model be integrated in the design of persuasive technologies for a healthy workplace. Additionally, we provide future implications for integrating proximity detection taking into consideration the ideal number of centimeters users should maintain in a healthy workplace.

(057) INCREASING INTIMATE INTERACTIONS AS AN INTERVENTION FOR IMPROVING SEXUAL AND RELATIONAL SATISFACTION IN COUPLES

Abstract Introduction Intimacy is a critical component of satisfying romantic relationships; it is consistently, positively associated with sexual and relational satisfaction. While the cognitive perception of intimacy and related feelings of love, affection, and closeness are important, there is ample theory suggesting intimacy is more than a feeling. The central components of intimacy are love, affection, self-disclosure, and mutual validation, all of which include both behavioral and cognitive aspects of connection. The widely-accepted Interpersonal Process Model of Intimacy suggests that the exchange of intimate behaviors and experiences over time create subjective feelings of intimacy. As such, intimacy is most accurately understood as a critical agent in both the creation and maintenance of satisfying romantic relationships, not simply a byproduct of them. While intimacy is heavily researched in evaluations of satisfying relationships, it is almost exclusively assessed using an individual’s subjective feelings of intimacy. To date, little research has evaluated intimacy as a behavioral exchange between partners. Furthermore, extant research on treatments for relational and sexual dissatisfaction to date almost exclusively consider subjective feelings of intimacy as an outcome associated with increased satisfaction. Clinical research has yet to utilize intimacy as an active agent in the development and maintenance of satisfying relationships. Conducting research and creating interventions using the Interpersonal Process Model of Intimacy may allow for development of better couples’ interventions. Objective The current study aimed to evaluate whether intimacy, when conceptualized as a result of repeated, reciprocal interactions between partners, could be an active facilitator of satisfaction in relationships. By manipulating intimate interactions (e.g., kissing, sharing secrets, massages) between partners over time, the current study tested a potential self-directed, personalized, and affordable intervention for improving sexual and relational satisfaction in couples. Methods Couples were randomized to a treatment or assessment-only control group. In the treatment group, each individual within a couple rated intimate interactions that make them feel intimate with their partner from a previously compiled list of intimate interactions. Each individual was given a list of their partner’s highest rated intimate interactions and instructed to initiate one from the list each day for one month. Partners’ sexual and relational satisfaction were assessed over time. Results Data collection is ongoing; completion is anticipated by the end of January, 2024. Participants’ sexual and relational satisfaction will be assessed within each couple over time and between the treatment and control group overall. Conclusions The current study evaluates a potential intervention for improving relational and sexual satisfaction in couples. If effective, this treatment could be an accessible, affordable, and personalized treatment for couples. Disclosure No.

INTER-UNIVERSITY LECTURE COURSE “SYSTEMIC, DISCURSIVE, AND COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF WORD-FORMATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATION IN RUSSIAN”

The article describes the online course of lectures Systemic, Discursive and Cognitive Aspects of Word-formation and Morphological Derivation in Russian Language, held in accordance with the Program of Cooperation between Lomonosov Moscow State University and Donetsk State University. It was held in September 2022 - May 2023 by the Russian Language Departments of the Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Donetsk State University for students from the two universities. The prehistory and motives of the creation of the lecture course , a chronicle of its implementation with a description of the subjects of the lectures and linguistic problems are presented. It is noted that not only representatives of the organizing universities, but also professors from other Russian universities took an active part in the creation of the course as lecturers. The authors give the students’ and lecturers’ evaluations of the course.

Aspects of Anxiety Regarding Career Decision Making in the Future of High School Students

The purpose of this study was to determine the understanding and anxiety aspects of SMA Negeri 1 Lhoksukon students about making future career decisions. This type of research is descriptive research. In this study the authors used class XI student informants at SMA Negeri 1 Lhoksukon, North Aceh Regency, as many as 125 students. Given that there were too many informants, namely 125 students, the researchers took informants representing classes XI-1, XI-2, XI-3 and XI-4 per class of one student, so the informants were 4 students. The data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. The result of the first research is the understanding of SMA Negeri 1 Lhoksukon students about making career decisions in the future where students in making career decisions are the process of determining student choices about their careers. The problem is, in fact, there are students who are able to choose a path for their career decisions, and there are also students who are unable to choose a path for their career decisions. In making career decisions there are four processes, namely exploration, crystallization, selection and clarification. The two aspects of anxiety that occur in students when making decisions about future careers for SMA Negeri 1 Lhoksukon students include cognitive aspects, motor aspects, somatic aspects and affective aspects.

Examination of COVID stress syndrome facets and relations to substance misuse using profile analysis via multidimensional scaling (PAMS)

The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to significant societal challenges, including increased substance misuse. The COVID stress syndrome is a constellation of interrelated processes that occur in response to pandemics, including danger/contamination fears, fears concerning economic consequences, xenophobia, compulsive checking/reassurance-seeking, and pandemic-related traumatic stress symptoms. In the present study, using a sample of 812 adults collected during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020, we examined the relations between identified profiles of the COVID Stress Scales (CSS) and behavioral and cognitive aspects of substance misuse. Using profile analysis via multidimensional scaling (PAMS), we identified two core profiles of the CSS, which explained 60 % of the variance in participant responding: 1) High compulsive checking & Low xenophobia and 2) High xenophobia & Low danger/contamination. The first profile is consistent with the COVID stress syndrome, while the second profile aligns with the COVID disregard syndrome, which is a constellation of interrelated processes distinguished by a denial or downplaying of the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic and lack of perceived vulnerability to disease. Both profiles demonstrated significant positive correlations with drug and alcohol misuse, respectively. However, only the High xenophobia & Low danger/contamination profile demonstrated relations with cognitive aspects of substance misuse via positive and negative correlations with positive and negative expectancies of alcohol use, respectively. These findings provide further support for the relationship between the COVID stress syndrome and substance misuse and offer insight into how unique profiles of this syndrome may impact pandemic-related mental and public health interventions.

Mengembangkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Melalui Model Pembelajaran AKIK untuk Guru PAUD di Kabupaten Katingan

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) is an important foundation in children's development, influencing their cognitive, social, emotional and motoric aspects. To improve the quality of teaching, PAUD teachers must develop effective communication skills. In order to achieve this goal, the Katingan District Education Office held an Integrative Holistic PAUD Technical Guidance event which aims to improve the communication skills of PAUD teachers through the AKIK (Active, Communicative, Interactive and Collaborative) learning model. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, collecting data through observation, interviews and questionnaires. The research results showed that PAUD teachers participated more actively during the training, their communication skills improved, and they were able to design learning activities that were more communicative and collaborative. The application of the AKIK model has proven effective in creating an interactive learning environment, increasing teacher confidence in communicating, and strengthening collaboration between teachers.

Knowledge of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in the general adult population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study examining gender disparities.

To assess knowledge about cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among the general population, we emphasized gender-related disparities and other lifestyle and health-related factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 395 individuals from the general population of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was administered to assess knowledge of CVD types, symptoms, and risk factors. The majority of participants identified coronary heart disease (73.7%) as having CVD, with no sex effect. Males had higher knowledge regarding cerebrovascular disease (44% vs 31.5%) and congenital heart diseases (60% vs 51.9%) as being part of CVD, while they had lower knowledge of peripheral arterial disease (44% vs 50.7%) than females, respectively (P < .05). Males exhibited better knowledge of heart attack and stroke symptoms than females. Knowledge was optimal for major CVD risk factors, such as smoking (90.6%) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (85.1%); however, gaps were observed in recognizing diabetes (56.2%) and stress (69.4%) as factors for CVD. The mean overall knowledge score was 16.33 ± 5.72 25, with no difference between sexes (P = .239). Predictors of good CVD knowledge included university-level education, daily healthy food consumption, and perceived life as highly stressful; nonetheless, sex showed no significant effect. While the general population displayed a suboptimal understanding of CVD, notable sex disparities were observed, highlighting the need for tailored public health interventions. Emphasizing cognitive and behavioral aspects can foster better prevention and management strategies, given the evident gender disparities.

The Ergonomic Intervention for Musculoskeletal Diseases and Pain among Oral Health Therapist

Musculoskeletal diseases and pain (MSDs) is commonly occurred among oral health therapist due to improper working positions. This condition can lead to work-related accidents, lower job satisfaction, and increased healthcare costs. In order to address this issue, ergonomic interventions encompassing cognitive, physical, and organizational aspects have been recommended to prevent the occurrence of MSDs. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions, specifically using the "EI" model, in alleviating MSDs among oral health therapists. The quality assessment related to pain utilized a validated standardized instrument. A purposive sample of 64 oral health therapists, working as dental assistants in Semarang, Indonesia, participated in the study. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire incorporating the Nordic Body Map to identify the presence of pain. Additionally, a physiotherapist conducted an objective examination, assessing pain levels using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The results of the pain complaints test, as indicated by the Nordic Body Map, revealed a significant p-value of 0.001, with ∆ mean = 2.19 for the intervention group and 0.91 for the control group. Similarly, the pain level test using the Visual Analog Scale demonstrated a p-value 0.001, with ∆ mean = 30.38 for the intervention group and 14.91 for the control group. This suggests that the ergonomic model "EI" was significantly effective in reducing complaints of MSDs among oral health therapists.

Assessing the Preparedness of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teachers in Implementing the 2022 National Curriculum at Senior High Schools

This research aimed to assess the preparedness of EFL teachers for implementing the IKM at senior high schools in Palembang City. The research used mixed methods. Both of the data were collected concurrently. When self-developed and validated questionnaires were distributed and filled in, to know the general overview of the EFL teachers in implementing the IKM. For data triangulation, the interview data was supported by a teaching document in the form of a lesson plan (RPP). The overall result of quantitative data analysis showed that the EFL teachers of SHSs were highly ready in terms of competencies, assessment methods, mindset/attitude, commitment, and teaching resources to implement the IKM. Meanwhile, the analysis of qualitative data indicated that EFL teachers had not yet demonstrated their readiness to implement IKM according to the process standards of IKM teaching. This less-readiness was caused by the provided training, and the workshop was only able to enhance their cognitive aspects, not the practical knowledge required to implement the IKM properly. The findings of this research shed light on policymakers and leaders about the EFL teachers' readiness toward the IKM implementation in Palembang City.

Neuropsychological analysis of anxiety and executive control of motor patterns in athletes and non-athletes

IntroductionEven simple tapping tasks require cognitive processes. Some variants of the Finger Tapping Test (FTT) may reveal cognitive aspects associated with frontal processing, including executive functions such as inhibition, or emotional aspects such as anxiety. A context of particular interest for the application of cognitive-motor-anxiety interactions is sports. Although athletes generally exhibit better anxiety levels, they may experience heightened anxiety before important competitions. The problem lies in determining whether the application of anxiety control techniques can be useful in pre-competition situations, given the lack of quick and easy methods to detect if an athlete is experiencing anxiety at a particular moment.MethodsThis exploratory study evaluated anxiety using online versions of questionnaires (ISRA, the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, and STAI) and applied a variant of the FTT to 204 participants, both athletes and non-athletes. The scores were compared and correlated.ResultsAthletes exhibited lower general anxiety and greater cognitive resistance to interference (better cognitive inhibition). Non-athletes displayed a particular parameter in the FTT variant that differed from the one obtained by athletes and exhibited higher anxiety levels. In the athletes’ group only, anxiety was correlated with a specific parameter of the FTT task.DiscussionOur conclusion is that this parameter holds potential relevance in elite sports performance to detect if an athlete is experiencing anxiety. It could be of particular interest in psychological interventions in sports. Further investigation is warranted to fully explore this potential.

Implementation of Project-Based Learning Computational Thinking Models in Mobile Programming Courses

This study focuses on investigating the integration of project-based learning with computational thinking (PjBL-CT) skills to enhance students’ proficiency in learning mobile programming. The findings of the model provide an evaluation of cognitive aspects, affective aspects in the form of 4C soft skills, and psychomotor aspects. To measure the effectiveness of the model, we will test the differences in the quality of student learning outcomes between two groups: the control group and the experimental group. The cognitive test results showed a value of 80.85 for the experimental class and 73.21 for the control class. For the assessment of soft skill 4C, student creativity aspects are superior to other aspects. Whereas for aspects of enhancing the project’s value, an important finding from the results obtained is the significant improvement in the quality of learning by incorporating computational thinking into the problem-based learning (PBL) model.

Skillful and strategic navigation in soccer - a motor-cognitive dual-task approach for the evaluation of a dribbling task under different cognitive load conditions.

Soccer is a competitive sport that relies on distinct motor skills and cognitive processes. However, cognitive aspects are often overlooked, with a focus mainly on motor skills. Limited research has explored screening tests within motor-cognitive navigation dual-task (DT) paradigms. This study aims to validate a sensitive approach for assessing soccer-specific dribbling by evaluating the Trail-Dribbling Test (TDT) as a method to differentiate high-performance (HP) from low-performance (LP) players. Two hundred and seventy-five participants (41 females) aged between 12 and 34 completed the Trail-Making Test (TMT), the Trail-Walking Test (TWT), and the soccer-specific TDT under three levels of cognitive load. Results indicated shorter TDT durations for HP compared to LP players, with increased cognitive load accentuating differences (TDT-M: p = 0.044, d = 0.260; TDT-A: p < 0.001, d = 0.449; TDT-B: p < 0.001, d = 0.653). The TDT effectively discriminated between HP and LP players in the 14-15 (AUC = 0.712-0.820) and 16-17 age groups (AUC = 0.634-0.839). In conclusion, the ecologically valid TDT demonstrates the potential for quantifying soccer-specific dribbling, offering insights into motor and cognitive aspects of dribbling performance, especially among soccer players aged 14-17.

Physical Robots in Education: A Systematic Review Based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Framework

Driven by the wave of artificial intelligence, the educational practice and application of robots have become increasingly common. Despite extensive coverage in the literature on various aspects of educational robots, there are still unexplored avenues, particularly regarding robotic support, robotic personality, and challenges in their applications. This study presented a systematic review of high-quality empirical research on the use of physical robots in educational settings. A total of 92 relevant papers from the Web of Science database were analyzed. Employing the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) framework, we investigated research questions across seven components, including the learning domain, teaching strategy, robot types, learning results, problems with using robots, robotic support, and robotic personality. The findings revealed that robots are most prevalently employed in language learning applications. When opting for teaching strategies, educators tend to favor those that incorporate physical interaction. Concurrently, humanoid robots emerge as the preferred choice among many. These robots, in human–robot interaction scenarios, often exhibit an agreeable personality. In terms of evaluating learning results, cognitive aspects like thinking, creativity, self-regulation, and inquiry ability are especially emphasized. Such results are frequently influenced by the informational and emotional support provided by robots. Nonetheless, challenges encountered by teachers, learners, and robots in this process are not to be overlooked. The findings of this study contributed to future applications of robotics in education.

The role of a mindful movement-based program (Movimento Biologico) in health promotion: results of a pre-post intervention study.

Mindful movement is a comprehensive approach that integrates various bodily, emotional and cognitive aspects into physical activity, promoting overall well-being. This study assessed the impact of a mindful movement program, known as Movimento Biologico (MB), on participants psychological well-being (PWB), positive mental health (PMH), sense of coherence (SOC), and interoceptive awareness. MB program was conducted for students attending the bachelor's degree in Kinesiology and Sport Sciences of University of Perugia over 8 weeks (from October 16 to November 27, 2022). Participants were requested to fill in four questionnaires before and after the MB program: (1) 18-item PWB scale; (2) 9-item PMH scale; (3) 13-item SOC scale; (4) 32-item scale for Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess changes, with significance set at p < 0.05. Thirty-eight students (mean age 21.2, 60.5% male) participated. Several MAIA subscales, including noticing (p = 0.003), attention management (p = 0.002), emotional awareness (p = 0.007), self-regulation (p < 0.001), body listening (p = 0.001), and trusting (p = 0.001), showed significant improvements. PMH increased significantly (p = 0.015), and there was a significant enhancement in the autonomy subscale of PWB (p = 0.036). SOC and overall PWB also improved, though not significantly. The MB program significantly improved participants' positive mental health and interoceptive awareness. This likely resulted from better recognition and management of positive physiological sensations, a stronger link between physical sensations and emotions, enhanced confidence in one's body, and increased autonomy.

Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Affect Potential P300-Related Events in Vascular Dementia? Considerations from a Pilot Study.

Vascular dementia, the second most common type of dementia, currently lacks a definitive cure. In the pursuit of therapies aimed at slowing its progression and alleviating symptoms, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) emerges as a promising approach, characterized by its non-invasive nature and the ability to promote brain plasticity. In this study, the primary objective was to investigate the effects of a two-week cycle of tDCS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and neurophysiological functioning in thirty patients diagnosed with vascular dementia. Each participant was assigned to one of two groups: the experimental group, which received anodal tDCS to stimulate DPCFL, and the control group, which received sham tDCS. Neurophysiological functions were assessed before and after tDCS using P300 event-related potentials (ERPs), while neuropsychological function was evaluated through a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results showed a reduction in P300 latency, indicating a faster cognitive process; an increase in P300 amplitude, suggesting a stronger neural response to cognitive stimuli; and a significant improvement in MMSE scores compared to the control group, indicating an overall enhancement in cognitive functions. These findings suggest that tDCS could represent a promising therapeutic option for improving both neurophysiological and cognitive aspects in patients with vascular dementia.

Self-Regulated Learning in Students Who Pass the SNBT Using E-Learning as a Learning Media

This study explores the effectiveness of self-regulated learning (SRL) in students who pass the SNBT using e-learning as a learning medium. SRL is a process in which students independently manage and maintain their cognitive, emotional, and motivational aspects to achieve predetermined learning goals. Passing the SNBT is an achievement that requires students' learning independence. This research utilized a qualitative method with 4 students who passed the SNBT using e-learning as respondents, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicate that students who used e-learning in SNBT preparation successfully passed the selection and entered the best state universities due to their ability to self-regulate through three phases of SRL: planning, execution, and reflection. E-learning helped students set learning goals, choose appropriate learning strategies, and manage time effectively. During the execution phase, students were active in the learning process and adjusted methods as needed. In the reflection phase, students evaluated learning outcomes and made improvements based on feedback. Students who applied SRL demonstrated high learning independence and motivation. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating technology in education to enhance students' effectiveness and academic success.

PEDAGOGI EKSISTENSIAL HUMANISTIK DALAM PANDANGAN JEAN PAUL SARTRE DAN REFLEKSI ATAS KEBIJAKAN MERDEKA BELAJAR DI INDONESIA

This research focuses on an exploration of Jean Paul Sartre’s thoughts related to the philosophy of existentialism. The philosophical thinking of this existentialist will form a stream of existentialist education philosophy that is more inclined to the application of humanistic education. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a philosophical hermeneutic approach. The results of this study show that humanistic existentialist pedagogy is an educational approach that prioritises the individuality and subjective experience of students. Rooted in the philosophies of existentialism and humanism, this approach positions teachers as facilitators who help students find the meaning of life, develop identity, and explore personal values. The main focus is to empower students to take an active role in the learning process, encourage self-reflection and build independence. Through deep interaction between students and subject matter, this approach triggers holistic development, not only of cognitive aspects but also emotional, social, and spiritual. Teachers not only teach facts, but also guide students in relating learning to the reality of everyday life. It aims to create individuals who are more aware, responsible, and have a deeper understanding of themselves as well as the surrounding environment. The humanistic existentialist pedagogical approach and the concept of ‘Merdeka Belajar’ both prioritise individual autonomy in learning. Both the humanistic existentialist approach, which emphasises personal growth and freedom in learning, and the concept of ‘Merdeka Belajar’, which gives students the opportunity to manage their own learning, both provide space for students to take an active role in the learning process, respect the uniqueness of each individual, and encourage personal responsibility in learning from each learner.