Cave Research Articles

Taxonomic and stable isotope analyses of mammal remains from the Lateglacial site of Grotta Polesini (central Italy): Paleoenviromental implications

ABSTRACTGrotta Polesini is one of the most famous paleontological and archaeological sites of central Italy, which testifies to its human occupation during the Lateglacial. The site comprises a cave system where systematic excavation campaigns have been carried out since the 1950s. In 1974, 656 mammal remains were collected but never studied. This fossil collection is here described for the first time through taxonomic and stable isotope analyses of the enamel of selected mammal teeth. The aim is to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental and climatic conditions of the site and to offer new information on terrestrial ecosystems during the Lateglacial in central Italy. The faunal assemblage studied herein, in addition to other species reported in previous works, suggests cold climate conditions. We also describe a right radius of an adult individual of Homo sapiens, increasing the human fossil record of the site. Carbon isotope data point to a scenario dominated by C3 plants in open and dry habitats, such as grasslands and steppes, in accordance with the pollen data from central Italy. The oxygen isotope data suggest the use of water resources with a local origin, i.e. local precipitation and surface waters with a provenance from the nearby Apennine chain. The ecology of the taxa influenced the oxygen isotope values, especially in the case of semi‐obligate to non‐obligate drinker species.

Capitalism, coronavirus, and war in the digital age: Interview with Radhika Desai

In Spring 2024, I met Radhika Desai for the first time at the London School of Economics and Political Science when we both held visiting positions at the Department of International Development as invited scholarly visitors. Although I had not expected her presence, I immediately recognized her after having been a reader of her works on geopolitical economy when developing my own ideas about the political economy of Chinese media and communications. I introduced myself and started talking with her, first at a coffee shop, then in a small office inside LSE’s Connaught House, and later at the Marx Memorial Library in London for a book launch party. Prompted by my questions rooted in the field of media and communication, Radhika Desai shared ideas from her newly published book, Capitalism, Coronavirus, and War: A Geopolitical Economy (Routledge, 2023), which is being translated into Chinese, her critiques about imperialism, globalization and essentially the world order after decades of neoliberalism, and, furthermore, her hopes for China, BRICS, and, ultimately, for the political left. Now, these conversations are turned into a dialogue piece, and with it I hope Communication and the Public readers will sense my gains from Radhika Desai, that is, to paraphrase from the famous line from the Communist Manifesto, in the digital age when all that is solid melts into ostensibly immaterial communication, man/woman is at last compelled to face with sober senses the real conditions of life and his or her relations with their kind.

HOW TO INCREASE CONSUMER SATISFACTION TO GAIN CONSUMER LOYALTY

This study aims to examine the effect of product innovation and service quality on consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection methods through surveys. The questionnaire was distributed online using the Google Form with a total of 227 respondents. Respondents are consumers of the Omah Wilis coffee shop with a minimum age of 18 years in the last 3 months. Furthermore, the respondents' answers were processed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) application as well as through the Structural Equation Model (SEM) data analysis technique. The results showed that product innovation and service quality had a significant positive effect on consumer satisfaction and loyalty.

커피전문점 선택속성이 고객만족 및 고객충성도에 미치는 영향 : 대구지역 중심으로

[Purpose] In the situation of rapidly increasing coffee consumption, customers are choosing coffee shops by considering more and more factors, and it is necessary to study which selection attributes can make customers feel satisfied and increase customer loyalty in order for coffee shops to grow. [Methodology] A literature study was conducted by focusing on domestic and foreign journals, previous research papers, and books related to this research topic, and an empirical study was conducted to verify the relationship between choice attributes, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty of coffee shops. [Findings] The results of this study are as follows. First, the hypothesis that the selection attributes of coffee shops will have a positive effect on customer satisfaction is partially accepted. Hygiene factor, coffee factor, and additional service factor have a positive effect on customer satisfaction, but the hypothesis that visual factor and eco－friendly factor have a positive effect on customer satisfaction is rejected. Second, the hypothesis that the selection attributes of coffee shops will have a positive effect on customer loyalty is partially accepted. The hypothesis that visual factors, coffee factors, and additional service factors have a positive effect on customer loyalty, but the hypothesis that hygiene factors and environmental factors have a positive effect on customer loyalty is rejected. Finally, the hypothesis that customer satisfaction in coffee shops will have a positive effect on customer loyalty was accepted. [Implications] The implications of this study are as follows. We attempted to theoretically systematize the selection attributes that can improve customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in coffee shops and verified them to reflect reality.

The impact of roastery coffee shop's pursuit of convenience on satisfaction and behavioral intention:Focusing on the moderating effect of quality perception

The impact of roastery coffee shop's pursuit of convenience on satisfaction and behavioral intention:Focusing on the moderating effect of quality perception

The Role of Brand Image Mediates the Effect of Product Quality on Repurchase Intention

Repurchase deliberate may be a consumer's purposeful to purchase a item based on encounter from acquiring and utilizing the past item. A few variables that can cultivate repurchase eagerly are brand picture and item quality. This ponder pointed to clarify the part of brand picture in interceding the impact of item quality on repurchase eagerly among customers of Kulo Coffee Shop. This investigate was conducted in Denpasar City; the number of tests in this consider was 120 respondents utilizing the purposive inspecting strategy. Information collection was carried out by conveying surveys offline and online. The information investigation strategies utilized are way examination, Sobel test and VAF test. Based on the comes about of the examination, this ponder appears that item quality features a positive and significant impact on repurchase purposeful, item quality incorporates a positive and noteworthy impact on brand picture, brand picture includes a positive and critical impact on repurchase deliberate, brand picture emphatically and altogether intercedes the impact of item quality on repurchase purposeful

The Influence of Digital Marketing, Physical Evidence, and Price on Customer Satisfaction in the Coffee Shop Industry

The competition in the business world has intensified, with companies in Indonesia striving to increase their market share and attract new consumers. This study aims to explore the impact of digital marketing, physical evidence, and pricing on customer satisfaction at CW Coffee Tanjung Sari in Pontianak City. The research employs a quantitative approach, focusing on individuals who have visited and purchased products from the CW Coffee Tanjung Sari branch. The study uses purposive sampling to select respondents, ensuring that the sample represents the target population effectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, and multiple linear regression analysis, including the t-test. The findings reveal that digital marketing does not significantly influence customer satisfaction, while physical evidence and pricing have significant and positive effects on customer satisfaction. These results underscore the importance of tangible elements and competitive pricing in enhancing customer satisfaction, while also suggesting that digital marketing may need to be reevaluated or adjusted to better meet customer needs and expectations in this context.

Taktik MPR Angan Coffee and Comfort Food Dalam Meningkatkan Awareness

Changing technology and increasing information encourages acceleration and lifestyle improvement. The growing lifestyle in the upper middle class that prioritizes drinking coffee as one of the activities they must do. To increase market demand for the need to drink coffee, Angan Coffee & Comfort Food also attended to answer the needs of the community. There are several coffee shops that are also present, for that Angan need Marketing Public Relations (MPR) to be able to compete and have certain characteristics that can distinguish Angan with other coffee shops. The purpose of this research is to describe the MPR activities conducted by Angan, as well as to analyse the success of the activities of MPR Angan. The MPR activities conducted by Angan is a form of workshop activities involving the public. So through this MPR activities can occur interaction between Angan and its target market, besides the event held by Angan is an activity that is an interest of the public itself. The research methods used in this research are qualitative descriptive research, which in this research, researchers becoming the key instrument. The technique of data collection used is an interview with the owner of the research subject, Angan Coffee and Comfort Food, and observe to visit Angan Coffee & Comfort Food. The result of a pull strategy with tactics derived in the form of events such as workshops, resulted in an increase in the attention of local communities around Jakarta to Angan Coffee and Comfort Food.

Distribution of Carbon-Sequestering Microbes in Different Habitats and the Interaction with Habitat Factors in a Natural Karst Cave

The distributional characteristics of microorganisms in karst cave ecosystems have been widely studied. However, in such a dark, humid, and oligotrophic habitat, studies on the differences in carbon-sequestering bacteria in multiple habitats are limited. Therefore, to learn the distribution characteristics of carbon-sequestering colonies in cave habitats and their correlation with habitat factors (e.g., pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, etc.), samples from five cave habitats (weathered rock walls, underground river water, drips, sediments, and air) were collected from the twilight and dark zones of Shiziyan Cave (CO2 concentration 5385 ppm). The results of high-throughput sequencing and statistical analyses showed that there were significant differences in the distribution of communities in different habitats, with higher abundance in sediments habitat and underground river water habitat, and the dominant phyla of Pseudomonadota (30.53%) and Cyanobacteria (75.11%) in these two habitats. The microbial diversity of the carbon-sequestering microbial community was higher in sediments than in underground river water. The pH, and Ca2+, SO42−, and NO3− concentrations can alter the diversity of carbon-sequestering microbes, thereby affecting carbon cycling in caves. Carbon metabolism analyses suggest that microbes in the habitat can cooperate and coexist by participating in different carbon metabolic pathways. These results expanded our understanding of carbon-sequestering microbial communities in cave systems and their responses to the environment.

Unlocking Sustainable Economic Development in Saudi Arabia through the Coffee Industry

Conducting business nowadays has become much more challenging. Sustainability is a crucial goal for all industries, including the coffee sector, which has emerged as a robust trend in the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council), establishing Saudi Arabia as one of the pioneers in developing specialty coffee in the Gulf region. Hence, in an attempt to reveal the determinants of sustainability, this study examined the effect of collective individual capabilities (i.e., commitments, communication, connections, and coordination) on entrepreneurial resilience and the subsequent effect on economic, social, and environmental firm performance. This study used a cross-sectional design to collect quantitative data from 213 respondents using non-probability-based convenient sampling. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS. Findings revealed that commitment has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial resilience. On the other hand, resilience showed significant positive effects on the economic, social, and environmental performance of coffee shops in Saudi Arabia. Results further confirm a significant mediating effect of entrepreneurial resilience between commitments and economic, social, and environmental performance. Several key insights and policy implications have been drawn from the findings.

Communication Challenges for People with Chronic Aphasia: A Systematic Qualitative Review of Barriers and Facilitators in Local Services

Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder caused by a cerebral lesion, such as a stroke. People with aphasia can experience various difficulties that may involve speaking, listening, reading, or writing. These difficulties have multiple impacts on their expression of their needs, interests, and opinions. Accordingly, people with aphasia often encounter barriers and facilitators when using local services, which reduces their participation. For instance, grocery shopping or going to a coffee house can be challenging for them. Hence, this systematic review was conducted to synthetize the barriers and facilitators for people with aphasia when using local services. Following the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guidelines, five databases and Google Scholar were searched for the literature published through April 2024. A total of nine studies were included in the present work. The results highlight that most of the barriers to communicational access to local services are environmental ones related to other people or society. A few environmental facilitators were mentioned, but these were mainly a reflection of the barriers. Personal facilitators were noted, but people with aphasia said that they were insufficient for counterbalancing environmental barriers. The results highlight the need to raise awareness of aphasia.

The Influence of Product Quality, Promotion and Location on Consumer Purchasing Decisions at The Dikit Lagi Coffee Shop

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of product quality, promotion and location on consumer purchasing decisions at Kedai Dikit Lagi Kopi. The research method is quantitative, primary data source by distributing questions using a questionnaire. Determination of the sample of this study using nonprobability sampling techniques and purposive sampling methods and obtained 100 consumer respondents at Kedai Dikit Lagi Kopi. Data was measured using a Likert scale and analyzed by multiple linear regression. Based on the results of the study that product quality has a positive effect on purchasing decisions, promotional variables have no positive effect on purchasing decisions, and location variables have a positive effect on purchasing decisions. Product quality, promotion, and location together (simultaneously) influence purchasing decisions by 42.3% while the rest is influenced by other factors outside this study.

Population Size and Spatial Distribution of the Mexican Blind Cavefish (Astyanax) within the Caves

The most studied cavefish in the world is Astyanax mexicanus, and the most frequently used specimens in research come from the Pachón cave in Northeast Mexico. A recent study using the capture–mark–recapture technique revealed that the Pachón population size is only in the hundreds of individuals, not in the thousands. This result raises serious concerns about their long-term survival and highlights the need to accurately estimate the population size of other Astyanax caves. In our study, we used a well-established, non-invasive method for estimating population size: the transect sampling method, which counts the abundance of organisms along a line at regular intervals. We used the 310 m long Sabinos Cave’s Pool #1 for measurements and estimated a population of 1142 individuals. Most importantly, we found that cavefish are not distributed uniformly: 68% of the individuals were clustered under a bat roost. To corroborate this observation, we used drones to explore submerged galleries inaccessible to scientists. Results from the Toro/Calera Cave system confirmed that most galleries were essentially void of cavefish, except for in those few areas with high amounts of nutrients. Scientists visiting the most studied Astyanax localities (Pachón, Sabinos, Tinaja, and Chica) experience what appear to be high-density populations of about 10 fish/m2, possibly because the pool they visit happens to be under bat roosts. Our study shows that one cannot extrapolate the density at these localities to the rest of the habitat, where densities might be two orders of magnitude lower. Future studies should consider that the apparent high density at visited sites is overrepresenting the total population size when calculating the number of fish specimens to be captured.

Social Media's Influence on Productivity in Working Space Facilities : Studies on Cofffe Shop in Cimahi City, Indonesia

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of social media on productivity in workspace facilities located in coffee shops. Employing a quantitative descriptive research method, primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 106 respondents who use these workspaces in Cimahi City. Data analysis was conducted using simple regression to measure the relationship between social media usage and productivity levels. The results indicate that social media has a significant positive impact on productivity within coffee shop workspaces, demonstrating a strong correlation between the two variables. These findings have important implications for both the development of knowledge in productivity management and for coffee entrepreneurs. Coffee shop owners are encouraged to leverage social media as a tool to attract customers, build community engagement, and enhance interaction, all of which can contribute to increased visitor productivity. This research also opens avenues for further studies on additional factors influencing productivity in collaborative workspaces in public venues.

Pengaruh Content Marketing dan E-WOM Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada C offee Shop Galdina Kopi dengan Brand Awareness sebagai Variabel Intervening

This study aims to find out how content marketing and E-WOM affect the Purchase Decision of Galdina Kopi Coffee Shop with Brand Awareness and Buying Interest as Intervening Variables. This study uses a type of quantitative descriptive research using AMOS 22 Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis. The population used in this study is catering customers with a total of 220 respondents. The results of the study show that content marketing has a positive effect on brand awareness with a CR value of 9,372 (CR ≥ 1.96) and a probability value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). Content marketing has no positive effect on purchase decisions with a CR value of 0.438 (CR ≥ 1.96) and a probability value of 0.661 (p ≤ 0.05). Electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) has a positive effect on buying miat with a CR value of 8,150 (CR ≥ 1.96) and a probability value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). Electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) has a positive effect on buying miat with a CR value of 8,150 (CR ≥ 1.96) and a probability value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). Electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) has no positive effect on purchase decisions with a CR value of 0.840 (CR ≥ 1.96) and a probability value of 0.401 (p ≤ 0.05). Brand awareness has a positive effect on purchase decisions with a CR value of 3,666 (CR ≥ 1.96) and a probability value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). Buying interest had no positive effect on the purchase decision with a CR value of 1.186 (CR ≥ 1.96) and a probability value of 0.236 (p ≤ 0.05).

Pengaruh Media Sosial Instagram Dan Suasana Cafe (Store Atmosphere) Terhadap Minat Beli (Studi Kasus Coffee Shop Acc Tulungagung)

This study aims to determine the effect of Instagram social media and cafe atmosphere or store atmosphere on buying interest. The number of samples in this study were 94 respondents with the sampling technique method used was non-probability sampling of purposive sampling type. The test was carried out using the help of the smart PLS 4 application. Which consists of convergent validity test, discriminant validity test, reliability test, determinant coefficient and t test. The results of the study indicate that the results of the t test (partial) Instagram social media and caefe atmosphere (store atmosphere) have a positive and significant effect on buying interest. The results of this study can be used for the development of coffee shop acc Tulungagung in the future. Keyword: Instagram Social Media, Purchase Interest, Store Atmosphere

Biogeochemistry of the rare sulfidic glaciovolcanic cave system on Mount Meager, British Columbia, Canada

Biogeochemistry of the rare sulfidic glaciovolcanic cave system on Mount Meager, British Columbia, Canada

Proposed Business Strategy to Increase Sales

Opening a coffee shop is one of Indonesia's most popular business ventures, driven by the nation's growing coffee culture. However, coffee shop owners face challenges in developing effective strategies to sustain their businesses, ensuring consistent revenue, positive customer feedback, and steady product sales. Bagi Kopi has quickly expanded its presence with multiple branches across various cities. Despite its rapid growth, there is a significant disparity in sales performance between branches, with the Yogyakarta branch underperforming compared to Bandung. This study aims to propose a business strategy to boost sales at Bagi Kopi, focusing on the Yogyakarta and Bandung branches. Utilizing a comprehensive root cause analysis through internal and external tools. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative data from customer questionnaires and qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with Bagi Kopi stakeholders. The findings indicate that differences in customer demographics, preferences, and market conditions between Yogyakarta and Bandung significantly impact sales outcomes. Based on these insights, the study proposes targeted strategies for Bagi Kopi in Yogyakarta, focusing on enhancing customer engagement, improving service quality, and leveraging local market opportunities. The proposed strategy includes specific actions such as marketing initiatives, regular staff training, and effective facility management to align the Yogyakarta branch’s performance with that of Bandung.

Analysis of The Determination of Rail-Based Urban Transportation Routes In The City of Manado (Case Study: Zero Point Manado - Sam Ratulangi International Airport)

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of brand image, price, and product quality on purchasing decisions by mediating customer satisfaction on drinks at Batam City coffee shops with a number of respondents as many as 210 people. This research is basic research and is quantitative. Data collection techniques go through literature studies and field studies using questionnaires. Data analysis techniques are launched by managing data statistically using the help of smart PLS applications. Through the processing of data that has been done, it is found that brand image does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Price has a significant influence on purchasing decisions. Service quality has a significant influence on purchasing decisions. Customer satisfaction does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Brand image has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Price has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Service quality does not have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Brand image cannot influence purchasing decisions mediated by customer satisfaction. Price cannot influence purchasing decisions mediated by customer satisfaction. Service quality cannot influence purchasing decisions mediated by customer satisfaction.

Phase distribution and probabilistic risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor air of coffee shops at Zahedan, Iran

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hydrocarbons, some of which are established human carcinogens. Human exposure to these chemicals is complex and originates from both indoor and outdoor sources. This study measured the concentration of PAHs in the gaseous and particulate phases during the cold months of 2022 using XAD-2 sorbent tubes and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters in the indoor air of coffee shops in Zahedan, Iran (n = 23). The average concentrations of particulate-bound PAHs and gaseous PAHs were 13,411.86 ± 6517.24 ng/m³ and 6432.76 ± 4311.72 ng/m³, respectively. Source apportionment analyses indicated that the primary sources of PAHs in coffee shops were fossil fuel combustion and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), commonly referred to as second and third-hand smoke. The lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) of inhaled PAHs was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The mean LTCR for adults and children from inhaling these substances were 9.43 × 10-6 ± 5.06 × 10-6 and 5.34 × 10-6 ± 2.87 × 10-6, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) of PAHs exceeded 1. These findings highlight the need to reduce PAHs exposure in public spaces through proper health warning labels and regulated indoor smoking policies.