Coffee Processing Industry Research Articles

Preliminary Characterization of Phytochemicals and Polysaccharides in Diverse Coffee Cascara Samples: Identification, Quantification and Discovery of Novel Compounds.

Coffee cascara is the first and most significant by-product of the coffee processing industry, whose valorization has become an urgent priority to reduce harmful environmental impacts. This work aimed to provide an improved understanding of phytochemicals and polysaccharides in coffee cascara in order to offer information for the better evaluation of potential applications. Phytochemicals in 20 different coffee cascara samples were ultrasonically extracted and analyzed by HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS. Four novel compounds were isolated for the first time from coffee cascara, including two still unknown tautomers (337 Da), and two dihydroflavonol glycosides (dihydromyricetin glycoside and dihydromyricetin rhamnosylglycoside). Their presence can contribute to the design of new value-added applications of coffee cascara. Chemical characterization of two polysaccharides from two of the coffee cascara pulp samples showed that they were mainly composed of homogalacturonan, with rhamnose and arabinose as minor neutral sugars. In addition, principal component analysis results indicated that coffee cultivar and/or country significantly impacted the phytochemical composition of coffee cascara, although differences may be reduced by the external environment and processing method. It is suggested that processing method should be carefully designed when generating coffee cascara from the same cultivar and country/farm.

Strategies to optimize the use of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantation

The demand for organic coffee is increasing in line with increasing competition and consumer preferences for healthier products. On the other hand, the application of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantations is still low. The research aims to map the constraints of organic fertilizers usage and develop strategies to accelerate organic fertilizers application in smallholder coffee plantations. Data analysis was performed using the scoring method. The results showed that farmers applied more inorganic fertilizers. Constraints of organic fertilizers application are related to technical, economic, and institutional aspects. Strategies to optimize the use of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantations include providing capital and financial support with subsidized interest rates and strengthening farmer institutions as the priority. Other strategies include introducing an integrated coffee livestock system and providing local government incentives for promoting and organic certification assistance. Institutions involved in implementing the strategy include local governments, research institutes, financial institutions, coffee processing industries, exporters, extension officers, certification bodies, farmers’ groups, cooperatives, and associations. The strategies are essential to overcome the existing problems and constraints in organic coffee farming development and increase farmers’ interest in applying organic fertilizers.

Pengelolaan Risiko Pada Usaha Pengolahan Kopi “Ud Princess” Di Kabupaten Pamekasan

Risk Management In “UD Princess” Coffee Processing Business in Pamekasan Regency. UD Princess is one of the coffee processing industries in Pamekasan Regency which has good competitiveness in offering its products. However, this business has production data that end up fluctuating so that it becomes an indicator of risk and uncertainty. This study aims to identify the sources of risk, analyze the level of risk and formulate a risk control design in coffee processing at UD Princess. The data analysis method used is fishbone and Expert Opinion Approximation. The results of the study indicate that the sources of risk at UD Princess can come from production, marketing, human resources, finance, and institutional activities. Among several sources of risk, marketing activities and human resources are the sources of risk that have the greatest level of risk. Design strategies that can be used to control risk in UD Princess is mitigation and preventive strategy.

A biorefinery approach towards valorization of spent coffee ground: Extraction of the oil by supercritical carbon dioxide and utilizing the defatted spent in formulating functional cookies

The present work was aimed at the valorization of roasted spent coffee grounds (SCG), a major valuable and functional by-product of the coffee processing industry by supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) of the oil therefrom using carbon dioxide, and utilizing the spent residue for the development of functional cookies. The process parameters of SCFE were optimized and compared with conventional Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane, following which the effect of different entrainers was evaluated under optimized conditions of SCFE (300 bar/50 °C/90 min) to obtain the maximum yield of spent coffee oil. SCFE with methanol and ethanol as entrainers at 30% (v/w) of SCG showed marginally better yields of 17.65% w/w and 16.02% w/w than 15.89% w/w obtained by hexane extraction for 16 h. The residue obtained after extraction (SCGR) was analyzed for total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. The SCGR was used for the preparation of cookies and compared with SCG for their textural, bioactivity, prebiotic activity, and sensory analysis. SCGR at 7% (w/w) showed the highest overall acceptability (7.3) in terms of texture and taste. Thus, the biorefinery approach presented in this work would enable the use of coffee oil as well as the defatted SCGR as a novel ingredient enriched with prebiotic activity in future food formulations.

RANTAI NILAI (VALUE CHAIN) AGRIBISNIS KOPI ROBUSTA RAKYAT: STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN EMPAT LAWANG PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

The absence of routine counseling and cooperatives that can work together also makes farmers still have to independently decide the direction of their business. In addition, the coffee processing industry is still very minimal. The majority of existing coffee products are sold in the form of dried coffee bean directly to collector traders. This study aims to analyze the value chain of coffee produced by value chain actors, and the potential for agribusiness development of robusta coffee in Karang Caya Village, Pendopo Barat District, Empat Lawang Regency. In this study, primary and secondary data were used which were analyzed using value chain analysis (VCA) and discussed in descriptive analysis. Research respondents involved were smallholder coffee farmers, agro-industry players, traders, and local government officials who understand the prospects for developing coffee farming in the research location. Based on the results of the study, it is known that there are 3 marketing channels for coffee, namely: farmers à subdistrict collectors à wholesalers à end consumers; farmers à end consumers; and farmers à coffee processors à end consumers. The dominance of farmers as the main actors in the activities of supply to marketing of coffee is very visible, the role of groups and other institutions is very minimal. Uneven distribution of values results in inefficient channels. This condition results in the price setting being carried out by the buyer (price setter) while the seller acts as the price taker.Key words: Robusta coffee, smallholder farmer, value chain

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AGROWISATA BERBASIS AGROINDUSTRI KOPI DI PROVINSI BENGKULU

Coffee is one of the leading commodities in Bengkulu Province. The Agricultural Technology Research Center (BPTP 2014) said Bengkulu Province was one of the top three producers of Indonesian coffee, therefore Bengkulu Province was suitable for agro-tourism development, but in its development agro-tourism would be left behind if it could not innovate according to market trends. Research objectives: to find a strategic location for the development of agro-tourism as well as the right strategy in developing agro-tourism based on the coffee agro-industry. The method used: the method of observation / descriptive analysis, the selected districts will be analyzed the development strategy with the SWOT analysis method Result: the calculation of the LQ method shows that Kepahiang Regency was chosen to be the location for agro-tourism development because the LQ value is 1.049, if the LQ value 1 the area is considered capable of exporting products exit the area. The position of developing agro-tourism in Kepahiang district is currently in quadrant II. This position shows that agro-tourism is already strong, but still faces big challenges. Agro-tourism must continue to diversify its strategies in order to face future threats. The results of the SWOT analysis produce 8 alternatives: Maintain the quality of the coffee produced so that consumer confidence is guaranteed, and tourists will come to visit again. 2) Maintaining the beauty around the tea plantations, by cooperating with the tea plantation managers. 3) Looking for investors who want to invest in agro-tourism as partners. 4) Review agro-tourism institutional management, increase promotional activities to increase market demand. 5) Maintaining characteristics and quality to avoid disappointment of coffee consumers. 6) Increasing the number of coffee processing industries due to abundant resources. 7) Increase the number of training sessions in collaboration with the Government and related agencies to improve the skills of both coffee processing workers and coffee farmers. 8) Improve facilities and infrastructure in order to defend agro-tourism from losing visitors.

Analysis Of Robusta Coffee Supply Chain Through The Food Supply Chain Network Approach

Rejang Lebong Regency is the producer center of robusta coffee in Bengkulu, the production continues to increase. Robusta coffee marketing in Rejang Regency is generally interesting because most of the sales objectives of robusta coffee from farmers are to coffee processing companies, both inside and outside the province. It’s suspected that there are variations in the production of robusta coffee in Rejang Lebong Regency, so that robusta coffee business actors have different marketing channels according to the limited supply they have. Based on the results of the research on 37 people who were selected by purposive sampling and through the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN) approach, the robusta coffee supply chain conditions were running smoothly. This can be seen from the integration or cooperation between supply chain actors that have been established, especially with the coffee processing industry. There are 3 marketing channels for Robusta coffee in Rejang Lebong Regency and can assess the performance of its supply chain. Through the analysis of the marketing margin and the farmer's share shows that the Robusta coffee supply chain on channel 3 is more efficient than channel 1 and channel 2 because it has the lowest margin and the highest share of farmers.

Cost-effective energy billing mechanisms for small and medium-scale industrial customers in Uganda

Many African countries are facing an astronomical rise in electricity tariffs resulting in the shutdown of many promising small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs). Increases in energy costs get reflected in the cost of production of goods and services making some local products even more expensive than the imported goods. This study finds an alternate cost-effective energy billing system for SME industrial customers to lower their cost of production. As a case study, a solar hybrid system of a coffee processing industry in Uganda is designed. The system is compared with the existing grid backed-up with a generator and the grid alone systems. From the analysis, the coffee factory had huge savings within one year reducing the simple payback period by 5 years. The findings of this study suggest that for sustainability and long-term growth of small and medium scale enterprises, distributed generation systems with net metering mechanisms are the most economical energy supply systems in Uganda. Other African nations with similar energy resources and challenges can support the development of their SME sectors through the establishment of net metering policies to enable a cost-effective energy billing system.

Study of coffee husk ash addition for clay soil stabilization

Industrial solid wastes have become a difficult problem in some developing countries, especially in Indonesia. The environmentally friendly issue regarding how to decrease industrial wastes by reuse or recycling process has become famous in recent years. Coffee husk ashes in this research were attained from burned waste coffee husk which can be considered as solid waste material from the coffee processing industry. In this study, clay soil obtained from Cot Bagie Village, Blang Bintang, Aceh was mixed with coffee husk ashes. Several soil physical properties test was conducted such as specific gravity, Atterberg limit, and grain size distribution by following ASTM standard. The physical parameter of soil was evaluated with the addition of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% coffee husk ashes by soil dry weight. The result shows that the physical properties of soil were improved if compared to untreated soil. A further mechanical laboratory test in soil mechanics was suggested for more advanced analysis of effect in soil-coffee husk ashes mixing.

IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALITY CONTROL IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF ROBUSTA COFFEE (Case Study : Partungkoan Tarutung Coffee, North Tapanuli, North Sumatera)

The level of consumption and the number of coffee processing industries is increasing so that competitiveness is also getting higher. Product quality is a factor that affects business competitiveness, but Partungkoan Tarutung Coffee as a ground coffee processing industry still find product defects in the production process. This study aims to determine product quality control. This research method used descriptive qualitative with case study research techniques. The analytical tools used were descriptive statistics and Statistical Process Control (SPC). Sampling using purposive judgment sampling technique to determine respondents that consists of business owners and daily production workers and thirty consumers of UMKM Coffee Partungkoan Tarutung. The results showed that the product quality control was under control because it was within the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL)

Analysis of a Coffee Husk Fired Cogeneration Plant in South Western Ethiopia Coffee Processing Industries

Nowadays our energy needs have grown exponentially corresponding with human population growth and technological advancement. Energy consumption linked to non-renewable resources contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and enhances resource depletion. Most of the researchers were proven that the worldwide concern about CO2 emissions and the reduction in the use of coal fuels have increased the interest in using biomass fuel for electricity production, because there is no net increase in CO2 emissions from biomass (agricultural residues such as straw, bagasse, coffee husk, and rice husks) combustion. Furthermore, coffee husk which has high energy potential was not taken into account for the generation of energy. However, this paper investigates the energy generation in coffee husk, and suggests coffee husk is an energy source. The datum was collected from the south western region of Ethiopia (Taipei town), and its equipment was selected. Coffee husk was tested experimentally in Addis Ababa University with Eager 300 software for running the equipment, storing the data and analyzing. The results obtained that calorific values were 18.98 MJ/kg. Overall the result demonstrates that the proposed coffee husk has high energy potential for the generation of energy.

Treatment of coffee processing wastewater using Moringastenopetalaseed powder: Removal of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand

In Ethiopia, the wastewater generated from coffee processing industries is often directly discharged to the river due to lack of monitoring facilities. This resulting in water contamination causing...

Production capacity and raw material storage capacity in agriculture-based industries

The purpose of this study is to find production capacity and storage capacity of raw material warehouses in agriculture-based industries. It is a concern; the supply of raw materials can only be done during the harvest period while production must continue throughout the year. This case occurs in the coffee processing industry, where the supply of raw materials for the harvest period is from April to August while production must be carried out every day throughout the year. To model, the problem is used by simulation using deterministic variables. Various capacity scenarios are tested to see system performance. The results that industries with raw materials from agriculture must prepare a very large raw material storage capacity.

Conceptualization of a spent coffee grounds biorefinery: A review of existing valorisation approaches

The valorisation of food waste is an increasingly practical and sustainable solution to the problem of a growing demand for chemicals, fuels and materials and the rising tonnage of municipal waste sent to landfill. Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are the end product of the coffee processing industry, generated after beverage preparation, and have been exploited as a valuable source of polysaccharides, lipids, protein, minerals and bioactive secondary metabolites including diterpenes, sterols, chlorogenic acids, flavonoids and caffeine. Within the biorefinery paradigm, where renewable resources are converted into a range of high, medium and low value products, in an analogous manner to fossil fuels in a petrochemical refinery, SCG have been established as an amenable lignocellulosic feedstock through numerous research efforts. In this critical review, we give an extensive overview for the first time of the primary and secondary product suites that can be generated from SCG, along with their potential applications. The handful of preliminary technoeconomic and lifecycle assessment of using SCG for bioenergy is discussed, highlighting the economic limitations of a single capability, phase one biorefinery operating under the current scale and logistics of SCG collection. A concluding perspective towards future SCG-based biorefineries is presented, where isolation and production of higher value bioactive products is expected to be integral to the economic feasibility of the process.

Design of Portable Coffee Roaster for Home Industry

At present, the availability of an appropriate roaster for home coffee processing industry is very limited. This study aims to design a portable coffee roaster with a maximum capacity of 2 kg per batch. The roasting machine is designed with six main parts, namely as a roasting cylinder, an outer cylinder equipped with an inlet-outlet funnel, a main frame, a heat source with the LPG fuel, a cooling unit, and a temperature control system. The roasting machine has been tested to roast an amount of green bean at a constant temperature of 225 °C with three targets of roasted degree, namely as light, medium and dark. The test result shows that the roasting machine can work properly. The temperature control system is able to regulate the roasting temperature as same as the temperature target during the process. With the stable temperature, the machine can roast the green coffee sample to reach the target roasted degree with good result. The test shows that the roaster can roast the sample of 1 kg of green bean at light roast degree with an average time of 13.2 minutes and an energy consumption of 4708.92 kJ. For the same amount of sample, the coffee roaster can work properly for the roast degree target of medium with an average time of 16.9 minutes and an energy consumption of 4708.92 kJ. Meanwhile, for dark roasted target, the roaster requires an average time of 28.59 minutes and consume an energy of 9417.85 kJ.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices in Coffee Producer Farmers’ Cooperative Unions: The Case of Bench-Maji, Kaffa, and Sheka Zones, South Western Ethiopia

The seventh ICA principle of "concern for community" clearly urges the cooperatives to carry out sustainable community development activities. Even though the cooperatives are serving the community directly or indirectly, their sight to the concept Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not clearly considered by their members, academicians, and the government. The objective of this study was to assess the corporate social responsibility practices performed by Coffee Producer Farmers’ Cooperative Unions at the study area. In this study primary and secondary data source were used. The size of respondents was 395 members of Cooperative Society and 50 Government officials. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The finding shows that there are job creation, supply of agricultural input, and expansion of coffee processing industry for serving both members and non-members, whereas drawback on the awareness creation to the community, participation of community in planning, implementing, and evaluating community projects, inconsistent allocation of community fund, and financial statements at unions’ offices for CSR budget. Therefore, management of the unions should participate the community during planning, implementing, and evaluating socially responsible projects, cooperative social responsibility practices should be thoroughly supervised and supported by the government, cooperatives from their annual surplus should allocate community fund, both GOs and NGOs working on sustainable development activity at the area must work with cooperatives, and Cooperatives have to maintain separate book of account to record financial activities of cooperative social responsibility practices.

Evaluation of the antioxidant and physical properties of an exfoliating cream developed from coffee grounds

AbstractCurrently, around 1.6 billion cups of coffee are consumed daily in the world, generating around 6 million tons of waste known as spent coffee grounds (SCG), which are a source of environmental pollution. The main objective of this research was to develop an exfoliating body cream from SCG. The methodology included convective drying of the SCG at 60°C. The exfoliating cream was formulated with 4, 6, and 8% of SCG, the antioxidant contents were determined by ABTS+; the adhesiveness was analyzed with a Texture Profile Analyzer and the exfoliating capacity evaluated with a Mexámeter MX18. The results were analyzed by means of an ANOVA analysis, with α = 0.05. As the main result, final moisture of SCG was of 5%. The content of antioxidants of body cream was 97.64–128.15μMol ETrolox/gSS. The exfoliating capacity of the three formulations showed similar behavior and do not show significant differences (p > .05). It can be concluded that the SCG can be used for the development of exfoliating body cream, obtaining a cosmetic product with exfoliating and antioxidant properties; being the above, a processing alternative for the agro‐industrial residues generated in the coffee industry.Practical applicationIn this study, an exfoliating body cream was developed from the SCGs, which is an agro‐industrial waste generated by the coffee processing industry. It was determined that the hot air‐drying process is a suitable method for the processing of coffee grounds since a stable product with low moisture is obtained. In addition, it was also possible to obtain an exfoliating cream for the body with antioxidant and polyphenol content, with textural and exfoliation properties similar to that of a commercial cream. The main application of this research is that it gives full use to the waste of coffee to obtain a cosmetic product with sensory, textural, and exfoliating properties of this type of products, being a processing alternative for agro‐industrial waste generated in the coffee processing industry.

Bio-sourced porous cellulose microfibrils from coffee pulp for wastewater treatment

The present work describes the production of novel highly hydrated cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) with unique morphology from coffee pulp waste using specific chemical treatments. The as-produced CMFs were successfully characterized and then used as an adsorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) from concentrated aqueous solutions. Surprisingly, it was found that the novel CMFs display high water-uptake ability, with a maximum swelling ratio of 265%, and that they form an entangled hydrated network gel in water. The morphological observation and nitrogen adsorption measurement demonstrated that the extracted CMFs exhibit an average fibril diameter of 11.5 µm and mesoporous structure with an average pore size of 6.37 nm. These special features make the as-produced CMFs excellent candidates to be used as adsorbents for removal of MB from concentrated solutions. The performed adsorption studies determined that the adsorption equilibrium was reached within 90 min. The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherms were well described by the Freundlich isotherm model. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity was 182.5 mg/g, much higher than that determined for other previously reported cellulose-based adsorbents. Through this study, we have demonstrated a possible strategy to give an added value to the coffee pulp waste, a by-product of the coffee processing industry, which is rich in cellulose, inexpensive and renewable source. Indeed, the extracted CMFs are very attractive for developing a sustainable and economically viable bio-sourced material for future growth of cellulose use in advanced applications.

OPTIMIZACIÓN DE UN SECADOR INDUSTRIAL DE LECHO VIBROFLUIDIZADO, PARA SECAR CAFÉ (Coffea arabica L.)

Drying is one of the most important operations in the coffee processing industry, which consists of removing some water contained in the grain, from 55% moisture content to 10 or 12%. In the present paper, an industrial dryer of vibrofluidized bed of coffee beans (Coffee arabica L.) was optimized, which until the year 2017 presented losses in the drying process about 19% of total coffee beans treated. An analysis of the hydrodynamic and vibrational operation parameters of the dryer was carried out, as well as considerations on the physical properties and drying kinetics of coffee beans. The process operated continuously with a mass flow of coffee beans () of 3800 kg/h, an initial bed height () of 5 cm and a total drying time () of 1.3 h. The optimum temperature resulted of 225 ° C, which allowed to obtain a very light green color, named in the color scale as Pantone 5803C, which denotes a high quality for the type of coffee bean processed in the industry, with a final humidity of and maintaining a drying speed of .

Factors Affecting Micro and Small-Scale Industries Income: A Case Study on Coffee Processing Industry

Development the competitive industries primarily small firms ought to be realized for improving economic growth of a community. Small industries have an important role especially on income equity improvement in rural areas. The objective of this study was to assess industry players motivation for developing their business in coffee processing and also to analyze factors which influence business income focused on micro and small-scale coffee industries in Bondowoso District. Survey method was used in this study for collecting primary and secondary data. A number of respondents were 25 coffee industry players who be determined by judgement sampling method. Data were analyzed by descriptive and statistic method. Multiple linear regression was used in the suspected factors that affect small industries income. The results indicated that the main motivation of industry players in initiating and developing coffee business was financial incentive. Consecutively, indicators that may explain industry player’s motivation were expectation, motive and incentive. Micro and small-scale industries income was affected by raw material, marketing reach, technology and business experience. Meanwhile, micro and small-scale industries income was not affected by labor cost and source of capital.