Coffee Prices Research Articles

Analisis Perbedaan Pendapatan Petani Kopi (Pola Diversifikasi dan Non-Diversifikasi) di Kecamatan Atu Lintang Kabupaten Aceh Tengah

The problem of the selling price of coffee beans cannot be separated from dependence on export markets which are more vulnerable and risky when compared to commodities that have alternative market shares such as the domestic market. The occurrences is often detrimental to farmers, because the harvest is the time that is awaited, especially for farmers in Atu Lintang. This is because almost all people are coffee farmers who are very dependent on the production and selling price of coffee. Presence of diversification plants on the same land as coffee can provide oppotunities for new sources of income for farmers and an reduce price fluktuations and crop failures in one of the commodities that can harm farmers. Where in addition to coffee, farmers divesify their coffee plants with fruit tree in the form of avocados, oranges, and bananas. But in Atu Lintang not all farmers implement diversification. There are still many farmers who only grow coffee plants. This study aims to find out how the differences in farm income that apply a diversification pattern and non-diversification farming pattern in Atu Lintang sub district. In this study using two average difference test analysis or independent sample t-test. The analytical method used is statistical analysis of the average differences test or independent sample t-test. The results showed that the income of the diversification farming pattern was greater than that of the non-diversification farming pattern. This is indicated by the results of the independent sample t-test where the t-count value obtained is greater than the t-table, which is 3.082 2.019 at the 95% confidence level.

The Impact of Input and Output Prices on Indonesian Coffee Production and Trade Performance

Coffee is one of the most important agricultural plantation commodities in Indonesia, contributing 1.17 billion USD to the country's foreign exchange in 2017. Indonesia was also the world's fourth-largest coffee exporter from 2011 to 2017. However, the performance of coffee production and trade is very dynamic. In 2018, there was a significant drop in coffee exports by 40.23%, relegating Indonesia to sixth place even until 2020. Coffee production also fluctuates significantly, in contrast to the constantly rising coffee demand. This research aimed to figure out what factors influence Indonesian coffee production and trade performance. A simultaneous equation model using the 2SLS approach was employed as the methodology. The findings revealed that, in the production block, cocoa prices and interest rates had a significant influence ( 10%) on the coffee land areas. In contrast, domestic coffee prices, rainfall, and trends significantly impacted coffee productivity. Meanwhile, in the trade block, domestic coffee prices and non-tariff dummy barriers significantly influence Indonesia's total coffee exports. As a result, it can be deduced that changes in the input prices (substitution commodity prices, interest rates, rainfall, and trend) have a better impact on coffee production, while the output prices (domestic coffee prices) on the coffee trade performance.

Asymmetry and transmission of international price shocks of cocoa and coffee in Togo

This study assesses the mechanism of the transmission of international price shocks to producer prices of coffee and cocoa in Togo. A threshold autoregressive (TAR) model was estimated using monthly series of international and producer prices of coffee and cocoa in Togo from 1994 to 2018. The results show that there is asymmetric transmission of international price shocks to producer prices. Domestic prices respond less quickly to international price increase than decreases. The asymmetric price transmission is similar in term of the speed of adjustment for the two commodities. In order to deal with this phenomenon, further investigations need to be done to detect the reasons for the asymmetry in price transmission between domestic and international coffee and cocoa markets.

선택실험법을 이용한 커피전문점 서비스품질 요인의 가치추정

This study aimed to derive optimal choice pairs according to respective property levels of coffee shop service quality factors by using the choice experiment method and estimate their value. Based on previous studies and focus group interview results, a total of five properties—human service, physical environment, additional services, coffee quality, and price of Americano—were divided into three levels. Through orthogonal array design, the number of reasonable alternatives for the survey has been found to be 36, and a total of 18 choice sets have been derived. The survey collected a total of 700 valid samples by targeting men and women who had visited a coffee shop in the metropolitan area in the past year. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that customers were willing to pay 264 won more when human service was improved to a high level and 526 won more when the physical environment was enhanced to a high level. Meanwhile, it has been identified that additional services have reversed lost value by 476 won when they are improved to a high level. Also, coffee quality reversely lost its value by 557 won when improved to a high level and 546 won when enhanced to a very high level. This study is academically meaningful in the sense that it first provided an adequate value level regarding respective properties by estimating marginal willingness to pay, and secondly, it provided significant basic data for coffee shops in setting reasonable coffee prices and establishing highly effective investment strategies.

ANALISIS KOMPARASIDAN DAYA SAING EKSPOR KOPI ANTAR NEGARA ASEAN DALAM PERDAGANGANBEBASASEAN TAHUN 2002-2012

This study aims to analyze the comparative and coffee export competitiveness among Asean countries in the ASEAN free trade in the year 2002-2012. In addition, to compare studies using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Panel Data . The factors used to see coffee exports include coffee prices ASEAN countries of origin, countries of origin of coffee production, exchange rate, acreage planted coffee origin countries, GDP per capita in the world. The results showed only country RCA Indonesia and Vietnam who have strong competitiveness on the export of coffee ( RCA > 1 ), Thailand and Phillipina has particularly RCA < 1 so it does not have a strong competitive edge. Test results of panel data shows the export of coffee in four ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines) are significantly influenced by the total production of coffee, coffee prices, and the GDP per capita in the world. These results using the alpha of ten percent. And in between all independent variables are used, the exchange rate and the planting area that does not have a statistically significant effect on the export of coffee in four ASEAN (Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Phillipina.

Investigation of the Coffea Arabica substitution with roasted date seed on Physicochemical and sensory properties of coffee brew

Introduction: Date seeds (also known as pits and kernel) are among the most important wastes which are generated during direct consumption or from the date processing industries. Despite the presence of several nutrients and bioactive compounds and their subsequent beneficial health effects, these by-products are frequently discarded to use as soil fertilizer or as feed for livestock. Roasting opens a cost effective way to include date seed in the human diet. The aqueous extract of roasted date seed represented a coffee-like beverage. Date seed coffee has a relatively low acceptance among consumers and is usually supplemented with a variety of additives to improve the taste. Therefore, due to rising the global coffee price, in the present study, we aimed to substitute Arabica beans with roasted date seeds in order to make a coffee beverage similar to Coffea Arabica boiled coffee brew.Materials and Methods: Coffea Arabica and roasted date seeds were obtained from local markets and 10 grams of powder (100% Arabica coffee (A100), 100% date kernels (D100) or a mixture of Arabica coffee powder and date seeds in proportions of 10 (D10), 35 (D35), 50% (D50) of date seed) was brewed using 100 ml of boiling distilled water. The brewed coffees were examined in terms of lipid, protein, caffeine, acrylamide, total phenol and total flavonoids content. Other parameters including color, viscosity, pH, DPPH and FRAP assays followed by sensorial evaluation were evaluated, as well.Results and Discussion: Substitution with roasted date seed resulted in lower lipids, protein and caffeine of coffee brews as the values were decreased from 330.67, 956.75, 76.51 mg/100 mL in Coffea Arabica (100%) to 192.61, 149.00, 45.59 mg/100 in date seed coffee (100%), respectively. Higher amounts of date seed also resulted in lower pH and acrylamide content. Accordingly, pH was decreased from 5.7 in D100 to 4.4 in A100. Acrylamide content was attenuated from 5.06 µg/100 mL in A100 to 1.71 µg/100 mL in D100. Reduction in viscosity was also observed from 0.93 (A100) to 0.86 mPa.s (D100). The mean value of the color parameter including L*, a* and b* in the 100% Coffea Arabica brew was more than the 100% date seed coffee, which indicated that the coffees brewed from date seeds in different proportions were brighter and had higher red and yellow color parameters. Substitution with date seed had less effect on the total phenol content as TPC of coffees ranged from 28 to 42 mg/100 mL for 100% date seeds brew and Coffea Arabica brew, respectively. On the other hand, the flavonoid content (TFC) of coffees was significantly affected by the amount of date seeds (5 to75 mg/100 mL for 100% date seeds and Coffea Arabica brew, respectively). All brews have high antioxidant activity. For DPPH the highest results (88/9 %) were obtained in the coffee brewed from 100% date seeds, while the FRAP value it was vice versa. The results of sensory evaluation indicated a high similarity among A100 and D10 coffees as parameters such as aroma, color and texture (concentration) of coffee were evaluated appropriate. The results also showed that substituting Coffea Arabica up to 35% with roasted date seeds can improve the overall acceptance of the coffee brews by reducing bitterness.Conclusion: In general, the ability to replace Coffea Arabica with date seeds up to 10 and 35% was reported acceptable in terms of sensory characteristics, as the color and aroma were similar to 100% Coffea Arabica. Besides that due to reduced bitterness, the overall acceptance were almost high.

“A Fossilized Utopia”? Debates over Foreign Landownership and Development in Haiti, 1830s–1870s

Haiti’s constitutional article protecting against foreign land acquisition sparked infamy and controversy in the nineteenth century. In self-interested and racist terms, foreign capitalists and politicians condemned the article as if it were anomalous, an unnecessary vestige of the revolution, backward, or even monstrous. This essay considers a strain of Haitian liberalism that also advocated eliminating the protection, especially after coffee prices declined in the 1830s. However, steadfast popular opinion sustained the article through various constitutions. This protectionist conviction spurred multiple anticolonial mobilizations, reaching a peak in the late 1860s and early 1870s, when activists across the island organized against potential US annexation of the east and coaling stations in the west, and in favor of Cuban and Puerto Rican independence. These contests over protection offer a prehistory to Liberal and National Party debates in the 1880s, as well as the roots of Caribbean federation independence plans.

DEVELOPING AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATION ON COFFEE SHOP

The development of processed coffee in Indonesia has excellent prospects because the growth of coffee drinkers increased in the last decade. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began in March 2020, coffee prices have been uncertain because of the supply chain disruptions. Marketing needs to have creative and innovative ideas, develop a mobile application, and ensure that the application makes sense to the brand of a coffee shop. The objective is to obtain the proper to create an augmented reality coffee application to support marketing. With the application, customers can see the varieties of virtual coffee types augmented in the real world using their smartphones. The research uses six phases of augmented reality development: assignment, analysis, creation, testing, implementation, and operation. The preliminary survey is processed at the first phase using NVivo qualitative software. When it is used as an augmented reality application, NVivo can help meet the advantage marketing system beneficial to the coffee industry using augmented reality application. The research is still ongoing, and the prototype is running for testing. The research findings at the testing phase indicate that the augmented reality application can go to the next stage, implementation.

KESIAPAN PETANI MENGIKUTI SERTIFIKASI KOPI ORGANIK DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT

This study aims to analyze the readiness of farmers, their income, and marketing of certified organic coffee in West Lampung Regency. This research conducted in Sindang Pagar Village, Sumber Jaya Sub-District, Mutar Alam Village and Tambak Jaya Village, Way Tenong Sub-District, West Lampung Regency. The samples of this research were all farmers participating in the organic coffee certification program, 35 farmers totally. Qualitative descriptive analysis used to analyze the readiness of farmers in participating the certification program, quantitative descriptive analysis used to calculate farm income, marketing channels, and marketing margins. The results showed that the farmers were not ready to take part in the organic certification program because there were still unfulfilled indicators. Organic coffee farming income is IDR3,741,918 per ha with an R/C value of 1.74. Coffee marketing in this research area has 3 marketing channels. In marketing channel I farmers sell their coffee to coffee processors, in marketing channel II farmers sell to wholesalers then to exporters, in marketing channel III coffee farmers sell to collectors, then to wholesalers, and finally to exporters. The selling price in the first channel is more profitable for farmers than the second and third channels. Marketing carried out by farmers participating in the certification, namely 18% is sold at the price of organic coffee, and the remaining 82% sold underpriced. In the second and third channels, farmers do not get a premium fee for marketing the coffee products they produce during the certification process.Key words: coffee, certification, farmers, organic.

Commodity price volatility and stock market returns in an emerging economy

AbstractThe paper examined commodity price volatility and stock returns on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE). Utilising Threshold Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (TGARCH) estimation technique, the study also evaluated the likely leverage effect on the stock market and further interrogated if autocorrelation existed in the daily stock returns series, for how many days and on what day does it disappear by specifying an autoregressive model as a mean equation. The study concludes that changes in commodity prices and their volatilities on the international market exert a significant level of diverse impact on daily stock returns and return volatility on the GSE. For instance, whilst coffee price changes result in reduction in daily stock returns, changes in crude and gold prices result in an increment in returns on the GSE. The study also confirms the existence of autocorrelation in the daily stock returns for up to seven days, fading out on the eighth day as well as the existence of the leverage effect on the GSE. This result should influence investment decisions in respect to trading on the GSE. Observance of changes in price of these key commodities could enhance predictions and lead to the formulation of strategies to maximise revenues on the GSE

Optimasi SVM menggunakan algoritme grid search untuk identifikasi citra biji kopi robusta berdasarkan circularity dan eccentricity

Coffee variety is one of the main factors affecting the quality and price of coffee, so it is important to recognize coffee varieties. This study aims to optimize the recognition of robusta coffee beans based on circularity and eccentricity image features using a support vector machine (SVM) and Grid search algorithm. The methods used included image acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, classification, and evaluation. Circularity and eccentricity are used in the feature extraction process, while the grid search algorithm is used to optimize SVM parameters in the classification process for four different kernels. This study produced the best classification model with the highest accuracy of 94% for the RBF and Polynomial kernels.

Building Resilient Value Chains After the Impact of the COVID-19 Disruption: Challenges for the Coffee Sector in Central America

Coffee is an important agricultural sector in Central American, directly employing over 1.2 million people in Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Although export revenues from coffee trade have an overall positive effect on the gross domestic product (GDP) of these countries, poverty still prevails. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed additional pressure on the sector which is vulnerable to fluctuations in the international coffee prices, low productivity levels, and climate change effects and damages caused by pest and diseases. This paper examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzes if the sector is resilient to withstand unexpected external shocks such as the pandemic and the hurricanes which impacted the region in the last months of 2020. The capacity to absorb, adapt, and/or transform to these shocks was assessed from the perspective of small-scale coffee farmers, traders, exporters and the entire sector in two time periods—immediately after the start of the pandemic and after the coffee harvest. Although the actors in the coffee value chain absorbed these shocks and could withstand them, adaptation to the disruptions has been challenging for small-scale farmers. Despite the vulnerability to unexpected external shocks, results indicate that a long-term transformation of the sector to build resilience is likely to be slow.

Forecasting Models Based on Fuzzy Logic: An Application on International Coffee Prices

In recent decades, Fuzzy Time Series (FTS) has become a competitive, sometimes complementary, approach to classical time series methods such as that of Box-Jenkins. This study has two different purposes: a theoretical purpose, presenting an overview of the fuzzy logic and fuzzy time series models, and a practical purpose, which is to estimate and forecast monthly international coffee prices during the period 2000-2022. Analysing and forecasting the dynamics of coffee prices is of great interest to producers, consumers, and other market actors in managing and making rational decisions. The findings showed that international coffee prices exhibited significant fluctuations, with large increases and decreases influenced mainly by the level of top-ranked producers. The forecasted results revealed that a decrease in prices during the next six months (Jan 2023 to June 2023) is expected. Based on the results, it is also clear that the FTS models are more flexible and can be applied in forecasting time-series variables. At the same time, volatility and, sometimes, the unexpected swingsin coffee prices continue to draw more criticism and raise different issues regarding the roles of the markets and countries in ensuring food security.

Assessing the Potential Contribution of Coffee-Based Tourism to the Rwandan Coffee Sector Development. The Case of Nyamasheke District

Coffee farming sector is affected by two main factors; the coffee price at international market goes up and down depending on the current situation. On the other hands the cost of farms’ inputs changes up-down due to inflation and others related factors. These factors have a negative impact on profitability of coffee farming to the extent that some farmers are demotivated. There is therefore a need for an innovative solution to this problem. The coffee-based tourism is regarded as a growth niche tourism market and may come up with solutions to problems the coffee sector is facing. This paper’s main objectives are to assess the potential contribution of Coffee based tourism to the coffee sector, and to identify factors that may promote or hinder the coffee-based tourism development in Nyamasheke District. The study followed a qualitative research methodology. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with ten Coffee Washing Stations managers, four farmers representing coffee farmers organizations and the District’s Vice Mayor of economic affairs. Respondents were selected purposively because are not only involved in the coffee farming business but are also interested in the development of the coffee sector. The study found that Coffee Based Tourism may contribute to the improvement of coffee production as it may motivate coffee farmers to improve their farming activities, improve the coffee farmers’ livelihood, and improve the coffee sector in Rwanda. The SWOT analysis presents factors that may promote or hinder the coffee-based tourism in that district. Strength and opportunities are the promoting factors, while weakness and treats depict the hindering factors. In addition, this paper concludes by arguing that the success of this new venture would depend heavily on the central government and the local government’s will through policy development and other supports needed to develop this business venture.

Value Chain Analysis of Coffee: Key for Upgrading the Smallholder Farmers in Sidama Zone of SNNPRS

Smallholder farmers in developing countries like Ethiopia need to improve their position for agricultural products like coffee in order to improve productivity and profitability through innovations within the chains. The study was conducted to analyze the coffee value chain in Sidama Zone of SNNPRS. Both primary and secondary data were used. Descriptive statistics, value chain mapping and econometric methods were employed to analyze the data. Proportional stratified random sampling techniques for farmers and random sampling techniques for traders were used. To analyze the collected data the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used. The result of value added activities among the major value chain actors showed that all actors involved in the coffee value chain were adding value to the product; processors were the dominant in adding value (47.58%). In addition, the study also disclosed that six value chain actors: Farmers, Collectors, Wholesalers, Retailers, Processors and Consumers were identified. Result from econometric analysis indicates that four variables are significantly affecting value chain and education has a positive and significant effect with value of beta = 0.573 whereas age of plantation has negative (-0.025). The findings also indicated that farmers faced with production, marketing and transportation problems among which poor disease control, low irrigation facility, low supply of coffee seed, low price of coffee, price fluctuations, brokers interference, shortage of truck and high transportation cost. Therefore, the findings of the study underscore strengthening extension service, sharing experience among farmers, increase production and productivity and strengthening input supply, increase the proportion of coffee selling at significant premiums, timely updated and sustainable market information services, coffee quality improvement, solving existing problems of hulling machine, and cooperatives expansion as important policy issues to improve coffee value chain in the study area. Keywords: Coffee, Sidama Zone, Value Chain Mapping, Value chain Analysis DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/112-01 Publication date: January 31 st 2022

COFFEE DRYER WITH DEHYDRATED AIR: A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY ANALYSIS

The defects that drying in concrete yards impose on coffee beans and the search for gourmet coffee production have prompted the emergence of new drying technologies. This work verified the technical and economic feasibility of drying coffee with dehumidified air with a refrigerating capacity of 422,908.7 J s-1, compatible with static capacity dryers equal to 75 m3. Considering the sale price of coffee, the cost of electric energy acquisition, the monthly interest rate and maintenance time, expenses that are equivalent to the depreciation of the concrete yard, a central compound rotational design was considered with 28 tests for the feasibility analysis, including the internal rate of return, net present value and the return on investment. The results showed that in the electric drying units, the dried coffee presents fewer broken and defective beans and has higher retention in a No. 17 sieve. With a higher beverage quality and a price 12.11% higher, drying with dehydrated air showed a PBD of 2.27 years and a return of US$ 2.49 million. The optimisation results were 98.98% desirable. It was concluded that it is economically feasible to dry coffee with dehydrated air and without using a concrete yard.

Data analytics and optimised machine learning algorithm to analyse coffee commodity prices

Coffee has long become a familiar and famous drink all over the world. Due to supply chain disruptions, the coffee market is vibrant and changing rapidly. In this article, the time series data on world coffee price will be analysed by using data analytics such as Lyapunov exponent (LE), entropy, and Hurst exponent (HE). By denoising time series data using wavelet decomposition, the echo state network (ESN) model is presented for forecasting time series data. When the coffee commodity price is fluctuating and affecting to production planning and scheduling of supply chain management under market uncertainty, it is necessary to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the prediction method by employing the grey wolf optimisation (GWO) algorithm. By employing the hybrid technique, the predictive analytics models could efficiently estimate the actual prices. The GWO algorithm enhances a machining learning model's performance for ensuring optimal forecasting with increased accuracy.

Permintaan Kopi Indonesia

Coffee plantations in Indonesia are one of the main commodities from the agricultural sub-sector which are the most in demand after wood and rubber. Coffee commodity is considered attractive apart from its high demand, for many developing countries this commodity is also an influential source of income for non-oil and gas countries. In addition, coffee plantations also create jobs and a source of income for coffee farming communities (AEKI, 2013). On a global scale, Indonesia is ranked the fourth largest in the world after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia. Therefore, Indonesia has the largest coffee export market that is in demand by the United States (USA), which reached a total export from 2000 to 2018 of 1,159,877 tons or reached a share of 15.43% with a total export value of USD 3.42 billion. And followed by Japan with a market share reaching 12.65% which is equivalent to 951,022 tons or reaching a total export value of USD 1.75 billion. This study examines the factors of Indonesian coffee demand for the two main export destination countries which are explained through the object of the research variable. The object of research that will be tested is the demand for Indonesian coffee in the United States market (Y1), demand for Indonesian coffee in the Japanese market (Y2), United States GDP (X1), Japan's GDP (X2), the exchange rate of the rupiah against the United States dollar (X3 ), Rupiah exchange rate against Yen ( X4 ), Domestic Arabica coffee price ( X5 ), Domestic Robusta coffee price ( X6 ), Colombian coffee price ( X7 ). Testing and data processing approced out through the ECM approach with time series data from the period 2000-2018.

Warehouse Receipt System Policy for Aceh’s Gayo Coffee Farmers during COVID-19: An Overview of Maqāṣid Sharia

This study aims to describe three discussion topics about the importance of the coffee commodity for the Gayo community, the impact of COVID-19 on Gayo coffee farmers, and to analyse the policies implemented by the government in minimizing the losses of farmers affected by COVID-19 in the framework of maqāṣid sharia. This type of research is qualitative, with data methods through in-depth literature reviews of primary and secondary sources of previous scientific research, government agency reports and online media. The results showed that Gayo coffee has made a major contribution to food security, but since Covid-19 it has implications for coffee price fluctuations which have an impact on decreasing people’s income. Therefore, the government issued a Warehouse Receipt System policy, with the aim that Gayo coffee farmers could use warehouse receipts to obtain financing facilities from banks in financing food security and coffee production needs. The policy taken by the government in minimizing the risk of loss for Gayo coffee farmers is a manifestation of the value of the maqāṣid sharia values in maintaining self-preservation (ḥifẓ nafs) and preserving property (ḥifẓ Mal) so that they can continue to survive in order to maintain welfare even during the pandemic. This effort can also be used to strengthen the Gayo coffee production chain because in addition to obtaining financing to meet production needs, it can also be used to meet food during a crisis.

Relational contracts and value chain governance: exporter approaches to overcoming transaction costs in Rwanda's coffee sector

Purpose In developing countries, local buyers often rely on relational contracting based on reciprocity and trust. This paper analyzes relational contracting and global value chain (GVC) governance by focusing on how domestic and foreign coffee exporters in Rwanda confront challenges.Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 representatives of Rwandan private, Rwandan cooperative-owned and foreign exporters, and four coffee sector stakeholders.Findings Foreign firms export most Rwandan coffee, and local exporters express concerns about their ability to compete. Rwandan exporters face challenges accessing capital, competing with foreign firms and managing high transaction costs. They use relational contracts to reduce transaction costs, and they benefit from a monopsony zoning regulation that reduces competition. Foreign exporters face regulatory challenges: a government-set coffee price and the zoning regulation. They vertically integrate to reduce costs and lock in suppliers through prefinancing.Research limitations/implications Future research should analyze differences between local and foreign exporters in other contexts to advance understanding of the different challenges faced and contracting approaches used.Originality/value Few GVC governance studies address the role of relational contracts in contexts where enforcement is costly. Considering relational contracts within GVCs can improve value chain analysis, specifically in the developing countries where many GVCs start.