Coffee Commodity Research Articles

Study of decaffeination and business risk feasibility: Arabica and Robusta Arjuno coffee beans by anaerobic fermentation using Rhizopus oligosporus

Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producer in the world. However, coffee is generally sold in its original form, even though the diversification products of coffee, such as decaffeinated coffee, have a higher selling price. One of the coffee-producing areas in Indonesia is Malang-East Java which has superior coffee commodities and does not yet have diversified products, such as Arjuno coffee (Arabica and Robusta) originating from the Mount Arjuno area. In this work, the decaffeination of Arabica and Robusta Arjuno coffee was conducted through anaerobic fermentation by Rhizopus oligosporus. An analysis of the business feasibility and production risk was also carried out. The results showed that caffeine content in the coffee significantly decreased with fermentation time. The caffeine content in Arabica and Robusta Arjuno coffee beans after 72 hrs of fermentation declined by 19.9% and 57.8% to 2.3% and 1.7%, respectively. Fermentation did not significantly change the physical of the beans but enriched the taste of coffee, where the flavor was strongly affected by the fermentation time. The analysis of the business feasibility and production risk showed that the decaffeinated Arabica and Robusta Arjuno coffee business provides a profit seven times higher than the existing coffee business.

ANALISIS RANTAI PASOK DAN RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KETERTELUSURAN KOPI ROBUSTA BERBASIS ANDROID

Robusta coffee is the most widely cultivated coffee commodity in Indonesia. In the East Bolaang Mongondow Regency, the problem at the supplier level is limited market information, which makes the coffee beans' quality inconsistent, impacting the price and product quality image. This research aims to identify supply chain structure models and members, added value, and design a traceability system to support product quality validation. Robusta coffee supply chain participants and their interactions were identified at the Modayag coffee plantation in East Bolaang Mongondow. The data were collected through observations, interviews, and field studies. Supply chain analysis was performed using the Vorst method and the added value was calculated using the Hayami method. The traceability system design follows the system development lifecycle method. The findings indicate that the Robusta coffee supply chain in East Bolaang Mongondow Regency includes farmers, collector traders, processing plants, the retail industry, coffee roasteries, and consumers. Farmers profit from selling perfectly ripe wet coffee beans 42-43%, wet mixed coffee beans (8%), and dry mixed coffee beans 63-71%. A traceability system named Kinton was successfully developed and integrated with the Firebase database to store all information.

PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING KELOMPOK TANI MELALUI PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

Indonesia is known as an agricultural region with a wide variety of agricultural and plantation commodities. Plantation commodities such as coffee plants are one of the superior products produced by farmers in Indonesia. Coffee plants grow in mountainous areas with relatively cold weather temperatures. Geographically, natural conditions support coffee plants to grow well even with limited technology. Community service activities aim to increase the competitiveness of coffee farmer groups through the application of technology. The community service activities were carried out in Mekarmanik Village, Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency, West Java Province. Service partner Tiwikrama Mukti Farmer Group is engaged in coffee plantations around Mekarmanik village. Coffee trees in this area are planted intercropped with rubber trees that grow on land owned by the PERHUTANI State-Owned Company. The method of implementing the service activities provides assistance with a set of grass cutting equipment and garden support equipment. This equipment can help farmers clean grass and weeds that often grow around the garden so that the growth of coffee plants can be better. In addition to providing agricultural equipment instruments, the service team provided simulations on the use of tools and counselling to farmer group partners regarding the market potential of coffee commodities. The results of community service activities in farmer groups after carrying out garden maintenance can increase coffee productivity. Coffee farmer groups also have a better understanding of coffee marketing circulation so that farmers obtain more optimal economic returns.

Enhancement of Liberica Coffee Quality by Wet Fermentation using Bacillus subtilis

Coffee is a tree species in the Rubiaceae family and Coffea genus. One way to enhance the value of coffee commodities is by using fermentation technology. Fermentation can use probiotic bacteria found in mongoose digestive tracts, creating coffee with a unique taste and aroma. <em>Bacillus subtilis </em>is one of these bacteria, offering an alternative to those from mongoose. This study aimed to analyze the effects of fermentation using <em>B. subtilis</em> bacteria on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Liberica coffee. The study method included bacteria preparation, coffee fermentation, and testing. The samples' total phenolics, flavonoids, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid contents were estimated. The analysis was performed using UV-Vis and GC-MS spectrophotometers. The results revealed that the fermentation process using <em>B. subtilis </em>improved the sensory and physical qualities of the fermented Liberica coffee. The total values of phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidants of the fermented Liberica coffee were higher than that of the original coffee. GC-MS analysis exhibited compounds in the fermented coffee in which the highest was N-Dodecyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)dodecanamide (C<sub>26</sub>H<sub>48</sub>F<sub>3</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>), with a retention time of 23.73 minutes and an area percentage of 18.96%. Moreover, the caffeine and chlorogenic acid of the fermented Liberica coffee was lower than that of the original coffee.

Analisis Rantai Nilai Kopi untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Tambah Petani Kopi di Kecamatan Paguyangan Brebes

The current coffee potential in Brebes Regency has not been accompanied by high income for coffee farmers. This is because farmers' knowledge of how to maintain coffee plants is still very low, farmer organizations are weak and government support is limited. Until now, coffee has not been considered a crop of strategic importance. The purpose of this study was to identify coffee commodity resources, analyze the value chain and determine cost drivers. This study used a mixed research approach of both qualitative and quantitative research. The qualitative research approach was to answer the research questions posed. Quantitative research in this study is to calculate the cost value of each process activity in coffee processing. Based on the value chain analysis, the determinants of downstream coffee processing products are greenbean processing, roasting and grinding. Greenbean processing is able to add value by 47.5% for robusta type and 71.47% for arabica coffee type. While roasting and grinding activities are able to increase the added value by 65.36% for robusta type and 85.12% for arabica type.

Strategy to Strengthen the Income of Forest Farmers' Group on Coffee Commodities in Mekakau Ilir District, South OKU Regency

This study aims to determine strategies for increasing the income of coffee farmers in Mekakau Ilir District, OKU Selatan Regency. The quantitative analysis used in this research is regression analysis. The results of this study in the form of a strategy to increase coffee farmers' income based on internal and external results showed that the main strategies are optimizing weaknesses and overcoming various threats by reducing land conversion by providing capital, reactivating Gapoktan, optimizing fertilizer use, overcoming the problem of increasing input prices to increase cooperation between extension workers and Gapoktan in Mekakau Ilir District, OKU Selatan Regency.

Training And Assistance In Maintenance, Intensification, Rehabilitation Of Coffee Plant In Colol Village, Lamba Leda District, East Manggarai District

Coffee is one of the dominant plantation crops in Colol Village, Lamba Leda District. Colol Village, Lamba Leda District, is one of the coffee development centers in East Manggarai Regency. The aim of this community service activity is to develop and develop farmers through the coffee commodity business in order to produce quality and reliable human resources. Reliable human resources will be able to manage all existing natural resource potential to produce quality coffee, both in terms of production and productivity, so as to create added value and competitiveness according to market needs. Apart from that, in the long term it is hoped that this activity will be able to increase the income of coffee farmers and create jobs as well as being able to increase the competitiveness of the coffee value chain by providing more business opportunities in the coffee plantation subsector. East Manggarai Regency, especially Colol Village, Lamba Leda District. The focus of implementing this service is increasing the knowledge and skills capacity of farmers in managing coffee plants through maintenance, intensification and rehabilitation to improve the quality of the harvest. Through training and mentoring activities, coffee farmers are able to carry out coffee maintenance, intensification and rehabilitation.

Community-based business ecosystem of coffee with the One Village One CEO Program at Cikajang Garut

Abstract Sustainable forest management in upstream rivers contributes to ecological balance, disaster mitigation, and economic opportunity for nearby populations. Amid this dynamic, the Cikajang coffee community plays an essential role in sustainable management through community forests. The objective of this study is to evaluate the function of the Cikajang coffee community in sustainable agricultural enterprises. Surveys and FGD sources have revealed that the Cikajang Coffee Community was founded in response to a demand for coffee cultivation education, marketing strategy, and financing. This community grows coffee in forest locations, using forest village community organizations. Community assemblies to interact and share experiences become valuable social capital in the preservation of the environment. Coffee commodities have become an economic pillar for society as a result of academic support in cultivation and marketing, particularly under the “One Village One CEO” program. These findings demonstrate the importance of community empowerment in balancing economic needs and environmental sustainability.

Farming performance and evaluation of the adoption of robusta coffee cultivation based on geographical indication in candiroto district temanggung regency

Abstract The Geographical Indication Protection Society (MPIG) aims to maintain the uniqueness of coffee commodities in Temanggung Regency by implementing predetermined standardization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the farm performance of Robusta coffee based on geographical indication and evaluate the level of farmer adoption. The research was conducted using a case study method on coffee farmers who are members of MPIG in Candiroto district and an R/C ratio analysis to illustrate how high the benefits received by farmers are in terms of acceptance if they apply geographical indication SOP. The results show that the R/C ratio of farmers who apply geographical indication SOP obtained a value of 2.50. The level of farmer adoption of geographical indication SOP in the cultivation and harvesting stages is considered high, while in the post-harvest stage, only the dry processing process has a high adoption rate. Suggestions that can be given from this research are that MPIG, as an organization that introduces geographical indication SOP, should be more persuasive in providing education to farmers about the benefits they receive if they apply geographical indication SOP. SOPs that are not relevant for farmers should be adjusted so that the level of farmer participation and adoption becomes high.

Enhancing Indonesian coffee trade: Strategies for navigating and reducing trade barriers

This study scrutinizes the intricate relationship between production technology advancements and price reactions in the Robusta and Arabica commodities and their collective influence on profitability exploring the relationship between market and policy dynamics and the coffee industry in Indonesia. This study delves into the intricate interplay between market dynamics, policy interventions and technological advancements within the Robusta and Arabica coffee commodities in Indonesia. It employs a historical simulation to scrutinize the multifaceted relationship between production technology advancements, price reactions and their collective influence on the profitability of coffee cultivation in the region from 2008 to 2020. Our research reveals a striking discrepancy between the expansion of coffee cultivation due to technological progress and the delayed price reactions within the Indonesian coffee industry. The industry faces challenges in translating these advancements into immediate profitability for growers despite significant strides in production technology. The study further dissects the role of governmental interventions, such as subsidies in shaping production outcomes and market responses. High bank interest rates emerge as a significant hindrance to industry growth, exacerbating the profitability dilemma faced by coffee growers. Furthermore, the export price elasticity of Robusta coffee exhibits limitations, raising questions about the industry's ability to harness its potential in global markets despite increased production volumes. Our findings underscore the industry's acute sensitivity to policy alterations highlighting the urgent need for strategic reforms targeting high bank interest rates and the expansion of market opportunities. We advocate for comprehensive research efforts that encompass a broader spectrum of variables to yield deeper insights into the complexities of the Indonesian coffee sector.

Pemikiran Ekologis pada Petani Kopi dalam Kawasan Hutan Konservasi di Desa Tiwingan Baru Kabupaten Banjar

The agroforestry model has ecological values, where it is practiced by farmers in Tiwingan Baru Village, Banjar Regency. This research used qualitative methods, and a phenomenological research design. The research subjects were coffee farmers in Tiwingan Baru Village. The research data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The results showed that coffee farmers in Tiwingan Baru Village implemented agroforestry farming practices supported by ecological thinking, so as to maintain the sustainability of the forest ecosystem of Tiwingan Baru Village. The agroforestry model practiced by the community manifests the environmental ethics of ecofeminism, which prioritizes care and compassion for nature. In terms of the concept of sustainable development, the forest management practices are able to: 1) maintain forest cover and avoid agricultural commodities that are bad for the ecosystem, so that the threat of deforestation can be avoided; 2) become a stable source of income for the community because the coffee commodity cultivated is an important commodity and is sustainable to the next generation; and, 3) raise awareness of the importance of institutional formation that supports the socio-economic processes of the community. The model of forest management through coffee agroforestry implemented by the community in Tiwingan Baru Village needs to be protected and sustained through strategic policies and empowerment programs. Furthermore, it is important that the forest management model is replicated elsewhere as a model of equitable and sustainable forest management.

Mapping coffee base countries in the world:

The agricultural sector has an important role in the world economy, including the coffee commodity in the plantation subsector. More than 80 countries on the continents of Africa, America and Asia produce coffee and involve more than 100 million people in the process. The growth rate of coffee on these three continents also shows positive values. The aim of this research is to map the countries that are the basis for coffee in the world and look at the prospects for coffee in these countries. The novelty of the research lies in comparing coffee production during the 2017-2022 period in coffee producing countries on three continents, namely Africa, America and Asia. The analysis used to achieve research objectives is Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) analysis and a combination of both. The research results show that there are 28% of countries on the African continent that have LQ values ​​> 1, 31% on the American continent and 16% on the Asian continent. The DLQ value which shows the prospects for coffee commodities in the future can be seen that on the African continent there are 10 countries that have a DLQ value > 1, while on the American continent there are 13 countries and on the Asian continent there are 9 countries. The American continent has more countries in the Mainstay category (39%), compared to other continents, this indicates that the prospects for coffee commodities on the American continent are quite good in the future.

Teknologi Dekafeinasi Biji Kopi Sederhana Untuk Industri Kecil di Desa Sriwulan Kabupaten Kendal

Coffee is one of the leading commodities in Sriwulan Village, Kendal. This certainly has great potential for the economy to grow the MSME movement in the local community. The superior product that has been marketed is ground coffee in general which has quite a high caffeine content. Coffee with low caffeine content is currently a trend on the market and is popular with many health-conscious people. At the industrial level, widely developed decaffeination processes often use imported technology, both at the hardware and software level, which results in the price of low-caffeinated coffee still being relatively high. Limited public access to information regarding decaffeination techniques in coffee means consumers of low-caffeine coffee are willing to pay high prices to get a product that suits their tastes. The process of decaffeinating coffee beans can add value to the selling value of Indonesian coffee commodities, especially in Sriwulan Village, Kendal Regency. The aim of this service activity is to provide education and equipment assistance to the Sriwulan Village community about low-caffeine coffee and its production process to more attractive packaging, so that partner communities can take advantage of this to improve the economy of Sriwulan Village. The method of implementing this activity is carried out through the survey stage, training and monitoring stages. The implementation stage is carried out by processing coffee beans that have been peeled and dried in the sun, then steamed at a temperature of 100oC for 90 minutes. Coffee beans that have been steamed are ready to be dried and roasted according to the steps usually carried out by coffee farmers in Sriwulan Village. This service succeeded in increasing the understanding and interest of coffee producers in Sriwulan Village to develop low-caffeine coffee products. The program implemented can produce coffee beans that experience a reduction in caffeine levels of up to 80.8% after testing caffeine levels.

Determinant of indonesian commodity coffee export In the era of covid-19 pandemic

This study aims to analyze the factors of gross domestic product, total consumption, exchange rate, and export goods price index on export performance of coffee beans after pandemic Covid-19. This study uses secondary data and (Generalized Method of Moment). The study shows that the variable total consumption and value of exports show a positive and insignificant relationship and the variables of GDP and exchange rates show a negative and significant relationship with coffee commodity exports with exports of coffee commodities.

Export competitiveness of Indonesian coffee in the United States market

Indonesia’s economic growth has slowed down during the pandemic. Coffee is a foreign exchange-producing agricultural commodity for Indonesia and has become a pillar of the national economy because of its contribution to the gross domestic product. The purpose of this study was to analyse the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports in the United States market. The methods employed included the Revealed Comparative Advantage, which can measure export competitiveness comparatively, and the Export Product Dynamic method to analyse and map the position of export competitiveness. The analysis results were also measured to compare the export competitiveness of Vietnamese coffee. The findings showed that Indonesian coffee and Vietnamese coffee in the United States market have a value above 1, proving that both have export competitiveness advantages. The average Revealed Comparative Advantage value of Indonesian coffee is higher than that of Vietnamese coffee, meaning that Indonesian coffee exports are superior to Vietnamese coffee exports to the United States. Meanwhile, the results of the Export Product Dynamic analysis showed that the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports is in the position of Lost Opportunity, where the position has shifted from the pre-pandemic position, namely Retreat. Meanwhile, the competitiveness of Vietnamese coffee exports was in the Rising Star position, which shifted from the previous position of Lost Opportunity. Lost Opportunity of Indonesian coffee shows that the strength of Indonesia’s coffee commodity business is weak, but commodity exports are still competitive. The analysis results indicated that even though Indonesia’s coffee has export competitiveness, it is not competitive enough in the United States. This study provided an overview of the export competitiveness of Indonesian coffee in the United States, which can be used as a basis for determining strategic steps in an effort to dominate the market to obtain trade benefits

Artificial Intelligence in Finance: Coffee Commodity Trading Big Data for Informed Decision Making

Artificial Intelligence in Finance: Coffee Commodity Trading Big Data for Informed Decision Making

The Role of a Women's Cooperative to Improve the Welfare of Women Coffee Farmers in Bener Meriah Regency, Indonesia

A women's cooperative is a form of women's empowerment in improving the economy of pre-prosperous women, where women are a marginalized group and face difficulty getting access to business capital loans, impacting their welfare. The presence of a women's cooperative is a solution to open access to capital provision for underprivileged women to improve their standard of living. Women's cooperatives have a very active role in the Bener Meriah Regency because they are managed directly by women, and all empowered members are women. Role theory and community empowerment theory are used to analyze the research results. The research paradigm used is the constructivism paradigm with a qualitative methodological approach. The results of this study suggest that cooperatives have an essential role in empowering the community, especially women as a marginalized group, to revive the household economy. The women's cooperative in Bener Meriah Regency is a cooperative in which all management is carried out by women, from coaching farmers to marketing agricultural products, especially the Gayo arabica coffee commodity. The women's cooperative addressed was Gayo Women's Coffee Cooperative (KOKOWAGAYO), which has been successful in empowering the economy of coffee farmers to carry out marketing to international markets through the export of coffee commodities.

Peran Pemerintah Dalam Meningkatkan Volume Ekspor Kopi

Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producers in the world. Of course, it has great potential to increase the performance and volume of coffee exports globally. Given that Indonesia has become one of the largest coffee producers in the world, the development of coffee production must be carried out carefully and consistently. This research is focused on discussing what efforts the government has made in increasing coffee exports to the global market and the influence of farmers in increasing the volume of coffee exports themselves. So that later it can compete with other coffee-producing countries. The development of the coffee commodity industry is an ideal situation because Indonesia has abundant natural resources and a supportive archaeological environment. This requires government participation in improving the performance of national coffee production. From the results of this study, it is known that the government continues to strive to maximize the volume of coffee exports so that it continues to increase to the world market. The government conducts coaching to farmers, markets to the global market and improves the quality and productivity of coffee.

Pengeringan Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) Menggunakan Rumah Pengering Hybrid Tipe Rak

Coffee is one of the mainstay plantation commodities in Indonesia. In 2015 Indonesia had a coffee plantation area of 1,254,382 hectares, with a production of 379,005 tons. Coffee is one of the mainstay commodities in Indonesia's plantation sector. The role of coffee commodities for the Indonesian economy is quite important, both as a source of income for coffee farmers, a source of foreign exchange, a producer of industrial raw materials, and a provider of employment through processing, marketing, and trade activities (exports and imports). The Robusta coffee drying process will result in the dried product experiencing changes in color, texture, and aroma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and drying process of Robusta coffee using a rack-type hybrid drying house with three treatments, namely, drying with a drying house using solar energy, drying with a drying house using solar energy and gas energy (hybrid) and conventional drying. The length of time to dry 10 kg of Robusta coffee to approximately 11.5% moisture content is for drying with a drying house using solar energy takes 96 hours or 12 days, for drying with a drying house using solar energy and gas (hybrid) takes 80 hours (10 days) and for drying using tampah (conventional) takes 104 hours (13 days). Keywords: Dryer, Hybrid, Robusta Coffee.

Variability of factors influencing coffee export performance in Indonesia.

Abstract
 Empirical evidence is lacking on the nexus between coffee commodity output and commodity price volatility of developing countries especially during pandemic era. The most visible impact from an economic perspective is the change of price expectation on people's basic needs which are in line with the decline of economic growth in Indonesia. This has significant implications, particularly considering the important role of coffee in supporting the country's economy. The aim of this study is to examine the factors that influence the performance of coffee exports in Indonesia. The novelty of this study lay on the used national dataset within the range of 20 years (2000-2020) and including the pandemic effect on coffee sector performance. We examines the relationship between variables and coffee exports in Indonesia using unit root tests, cointegration analysis, and an Error Correction Model (ECM). The results show that coffee exports, total area, coffee production, coffee price, gross national income, and coffee imports have significant influences on coffee exports. The variables of total area and coffee production impact coffee exports negatively in the long term, while coffee price, gross national income, and coffee imports have mixed effects. In the short term, total area and coffee production significantly affect coffee exports, while coffee prices and gross national income show no significant impact. Coffee imports have a significant negative influence on coffee exports in the short term. These findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of the coffee industry in Indonesia.