Asymmetry Coefficient Research Articles

LVIV UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY RIVER BASIN STRUCTURE

The main hydrographic, hydromorphological and hydroecological features of the Lviv United Territorial Community (UTC) have been analyzed, in particular: a) the location of the city of Lviv on the Main European Watershed; b) transformation of surface water runoff as a result of the general sewage network and reclamation systems functioning, industrial peat extraction, residential and industrial construction. These features compose the delimitation of surface water bodies, which had been provided by the guidelines of the Water Framework Di-rective of the European Union (WFD). As a result of progressive urban expansion, the area of the territorial community of the city constantly increased from 0.5 km2 (end of the 14th century) to 31.66 km2 (end of the 19th century), 66.6 km2 (middle of the 20th century), 182 km2 (second half of the 20th century), 311.4 km2 in 2020. Correspondingly, the area ratio of the Baltic and Black Sea peripheral drainage areas changed. The assessment of the surface water delimitation scheme body, proposed by the State Water Agency and highlighted on the geoportal “Water Resources of Ukraine”, was carried out. It has been established that the main shortcoming of this scheme is non-compliance with the principle of coherence of surface water bodies to catchment areas provided for by the EU WFD. By means of computer processing of the high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of Lviv (UTC), in an automated mode, a watershed network of surface water coherent bodies has been built. According to the assessment of the surface runoff transformation degree, the identified massifs are identified by categories: natural, significantly changed, artificial. The territory of the city of Lviv, which is covered by a general sewage network, is classified as an "artificial body of surface water". It is assigned to the Vistula basin area, despite the fact that 14.95 km2 of the massif is located in the topographic catchment of the Dniester. Watersheds that include reclamation systems are classified as "significantly changed bodies of surface water" According to the assessment of the surface runoff transformation degree, the identified bodies have been identified by categories: natural, significantly changed, artificial. The main morphometric indicators of the watersheds of the proposed surface water bodies have been determined, in particular the following: a) "water catchment length"; b) "average width of the catchment"; c) "water catchment asymmetry coefficient; c) "coefficient of compactness of the catchment". The correct definition of river basins structure is the first necessary step in implementing the provisions of the EU WFD into the practice of water resources management in Ukraine. Further actions provided in River Basin Management plans depend on this step Key words: river basin; surface water; body of surface water; surface runoff; transformation of flow.

Correlation Research between Asymmetry Coefficient of Gondola Car Body and Stress Distribution of Cross Bearer Weld

In order to find out the root cause of cross bearer welds’ cracks in general-purpose gondola cars, the relationship between asymmetric structure and stress distribution is studied in this paper. Firstly, the concept of asymmetry coefficient and stress distribution cluster is proposed, and the asymmetric coefficients’ calculation methods of independent and dependent variables are given, respectively, in two-dimensional space. Secondly, according to the different positions of side column 1 and side column 2, 30 local models are established, the cross bearer weld stresses are extracted after finite element simulation, and the stress distribution clusters of cross bearer weld stresses are formed. Finally, the asymmetry coefficients of the side columns are calculated, and the correlation between the positions of the side columns and the weld stresses is studied using the methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and complex correlation coefficient. The results show that the correlation between the stress of cross bearer weld 2 and the positions of the side columns is much higher than that between the stress of cross bearer weld 1 and the positions of the side columns. Meanwhile, it shows that the method presented in this paper is feasible and effective for the analysis and research of asymmetric structures. These combined with the calculation method of the correlation coefficient.

Analysis of aerotechnogenic pollution of the Vinnytsia using phytoindication methods

Today, the anthropogenic impact on the environment is increasing, especially in urbanized areas and territories where active hostilities are taking place. Among a number of urgent environmental problems, it is possible to single out atmospheric air pollution, which occurs as a result of the concentration of road transport and industry in safe areas. The article presents the results of research into the state of atmospheric air pollution in the city of Vinnytsia using phytoindication methods, namely the degree of fluctuating asymmetry of warty birch leaves, and established the dependence of the fluctuating asymmetry on the level of traffic load. The research was conducted at the end of July in 2021 and 2022, after the end of the growing season of warty birch (Betula pendula). In the city of Vinnytsia, six representative experimental sites with different levels of anthropogenic load were identified. Fluctuation asymmetry coefficients of warty birch leaves were calculated for each experimental site and indicators of the asymmetry coefficient were determined. The level of motor vehicle load on experimental sites was established and a correlation-regression model of the dependence of the coefficient of fluctuation asymmetry of the leaves of the warty birch on the level of motor vehicle load was calculated. Conducting biomonitoring of aerotechnogenic pollution of urban ecosystems is necessary for finding ways to optimize its quality.

Peculiarities of morphoarchitectonics of the lungs of a sexually mature horse (Equus Feruscaballus L., 1758)

The respiratory system is one of the most important systems that carries out the body's gas exchange between air and blood, as a result of which oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide is removed from it to the environment. In recent years, in the list of diseases of various etiologies, there has been a sharp increase in the number of diseases related to the respiratory organs. There is no doubt that the effective treatment of these pathologies is impossible without knowledge of breed and species characteristics of the anatomy and histology of respiratory organs, the morphofunctional parameters of which should be taken into account when carrying out diagnostic and preventive measures, regarding the prevention of animal diseases, and when providing them with medical care. Therefore, when planning research on the respiratory organs, which include the lungs, one should take into account their topographical-anatomical specific features in domestic animals, their structural-functional features of the microscopic structure, etc. The completed morphological work is a fragment of the research topic of the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology, Hygiene and Expertise, Polis National University: "Development, morphology and histochemistry of animal organs in normal and pathological conditions", (state registration number – No. 0113V000900). This publication is devoted to the study of the morpho-functional characteristics of the lungs of a sexually mature horse (Equus Feruscaballus L., 1758). Using the method of anatomical dissection, macroscopic, histological, morphometric and statistical methods of research, the macro- and microscopic structure of the lungs was clarified and their belonging to a certain anatomical type was determined. As a result of the conducted studies, the partial structure of the lungs was determined, their topography, shape, dimensions, absolute and relative mass of the lungs were determined, a morphometric assessment of their morphological structures, asymmetry coefficient, etc. was carried out. Staining of tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin was used to study cell morphology, conduct morphometric studies, and obtain histological examination preparations. When conducting morphological studies, the basic rules of good laboratory practice GLP (1981), the provisions of the "General ethical principles of animal experiments" adopted by the First National Congress of Bioethics (Kyiv, 2001) and the requirements of the "Rules for conducting work using experimental animals", approved by order of the Ministry of Health No. 281 dated November 1, 2000 "On measures to further improve organizational forms of work with the use of experimental animals". It was morphologically investigated that the macro- and micromorphology of the lungs of a sexually mature horse has certain characteristic morphological features, according to the class, age and species of animals. Thus, through scientific studies of the horse, we present the presence of individual morphological features in the lobular structure of the lungs. So, in the left lung of horses there are only two lobes: cranial and caudal, in the right lung there are three lobes: cranial, caudal and additional. Histological structure of acini formed by alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli. According to the results of morphological studies, the alveolar tree in horses, represented by a shortened type, is wide and has a bubble shape. Morphometric studies have shown that the average volume of pulmonary alveoli in clinically healthy horses is 699.8±106.42 thousand μm3. The respiratory part of the lungs in horses occupies 54.8±7.4% of the total area of the lung parenchyma, the connective tissue base – 45.2±7.4%. Key words: anatomy, domestic animals, respiratory organs, gas exchange, morphometry, morphotopography, lung lobes, absolute weight, lung histostructure, bronchial tree, respiratory bronchioles, lung asymmetry.

Determination of β-blocking receptor drugs in silica gel TLC systems with the mobile phase containing surfactant

Abstract Eight drugs blocking beta-adrenergic receptors activity (acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, oxprenolol, labetalol, metoprolol, propranolol and sotalol) were investigated through the use of the thin-layer technique with its mobile phase containing surfactant. Assessment of the effect of surfactant presence and 1-propanol concentration in the mobile phase on the retention and separation of investigated solutes was then carried out wherein the effect of the surfactant concentration on the zone shape properties (asymmetry and tailing coefficient) was investigated. The method was applied for the quantitative analysis of the chosen solutes, and the LOD and LOQ values of chosen were determined. These were as follows: acebutolol – 1.11 and 3.36 μg/spot, metoprolol 1.45 μg/spot, 4.4 μg/spot. The chosen system is environmentally friendly due to using silica gel plates and only 5% of propanol in water.

Dynamics of volatility behaviour and spillover from crude to energy crops: Empirical evidence from India

• Investigates impact of crude prices on energy crops; Soyabean, Wheat and Sugarcane. • The data collected is for India for the period Jan 2016-Dec 2020. • Results revealed return on crude was impacting sugarcane and wheat but not soyabean. • Asymmetric Impact for same two crops with respect to crude was significant with positive sign. • Volatility Spillover from crude to two crops was statistically significant with negative sign. • Degree of volatility persistence was low but statistically significant. The study is an attempt to investigate the impact of crude prices on energy crops; Soyabean, Wheat and Sugarcane for India for the period Jan 2016-Dec 2020. The study mainly covered two dimensions; the spillover of volatility from crude to the energy crops and the asymmetric angle. The econometric tests employed under the study were GARCH(1,1), TGARCH(1) and AR(2)-EGARCH(1,1) Models. The results revealed that return on crude was impacting two crops; sugarcane and wheat while it had no impact on Soyabean. The ‘T-GARCH’ results revealing asymmetry were statistically significant for all the three crops, however since soyabean did not have significant slope coefficient in Mean Equation, it was held that asymmetry held only for two crops viz. wheat and sugarcane and not for soyabean. Further coefficient of asymmetry for two crops was positive indicating that positive shock (fall in crude prices) impacted the crop volatility more than an equivalent negative shock (rise in crude prices). The results for spillover of volatility from crude to energy crops using AR(2)-EGARCH(1,1) Model showed that spillover from crude to both; sugarcane and wheat was statistically significant but coefficient in both crops had negative sign. Degree of volatility persistence was statistically significant for these two crops but its value was low implying that a shock to crude had a slow decaying impact on both these crops.

Study of the static and endurance strength of reinforced concrete specimens loaded with the account of the characteristics arising in the process of aircraft takeoff and landing operations on airfield pavements

The article shows that the impact of aircraft with multi-wheel bearings on airfield pavements is a cyclical pattern, as a result, constant sign and alternating stresses arise in the material. The results of cyclic loading parameters calculations of coatings under the influence of aircraft with multi-wheeled bearings (load cycle asymmetry coefficient, values of the maximum and minimum stresses of the loading cycle), performed using the SCAD software-computer complex, which implements the finite element method in the form of the displacement method, are presented. The necessity of carrying out tests to determine the endurance strength of reinforced concrete under various loading conditions for more complete consideration in determining the operating modes of airfield pavements is shown, and the loading parameters of reinforced concrete specimens during their endurance tests are determined. A general view and a layout diagram of an experimental setup for determining the static and endurance strength of large-sized cement concrete samples are presented. A technique for determining the static strength of reinforced concrete samples is presented, including the determination of the criterion for their destruction (appearance of fluidity in the reinforcement of the sample), the applied strain-measuring, ultrasonic and acoustic methods for determining the stresses magnitude and strains in cement concrete and structural reinforcement, the dynamics of changes in the measured parameters on one of the samples is shown. The results of the reinforced concrete samples fatigue tests with dimensions of 1500x400x200 mm under various loading conditions are presented, with reference to which regression equations were obtained to determine the number of loading cycles to failure, and endurance coefficients were obtained based on 106 loading cycles. Based on the carried out studies, conclusions are drawn, and the need to develop practical recommendations for taking into account the cyclic nature of the load impact from aircraft and the fatigue strength of cement concrete when assigning operating modes for airfield pavements is indicated.

Characterization of Descemet membrane of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy by chromatic confocal microscopy

AbstractPurpose: Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy (FECD) causes chronic corneal edema and vision loss, and accounts for more than 50% of keratoplasty indications in occidental countries. The Descemet membrane (DM) gradually thickens because of extracellular matrix deposition and round excrescences named guttae accumulate. Chromatic confocal microscopy (CCM) is on optical device that analyses the nanotopography of surfaces.Aim: to study the feasibility of CCM technology to characterize guttae in FECD.Methods: Descemetorhexis of approximately 8 mm in diameter were obtained during endothelial grafts in 11 patients with FECD and control corneas were obtained from 3 donor corneas. The DM were fixed in 0.5% paraformaldehyde immediately after dissection. The CCM analysis was performed at room temperature on surfaces of 400 x 400 μm to characterize the DM with and without guttae. We measured positive and negative heights (peaks and valleys) relative to the mean altitude, as well as their distribution by asymmetry coefficient.Results: CCM resolution allowed to map nanotopography of the DM of FECD patients and controls. The surface of DM control was flat and homogeneous with maximum positive and negative heights of 1.07 ± 0.09 μm and 1.05 ± 0.07 μm, respectively. The height distribution was uniform with an asymmetry coefficient of 0.002 ± 0.23 μm, reflecting a Gaussian distribution (npeaks = nvalleys). The surface of FECD membranes was completely altered with a maximum peak of 6.05 ± 1.49 μm, up to 5.7 times higher than the control. The height distribution was disturbed with asymmetry value of 1.61 ± 0.79 μm (npeaks > nvalleys) and a maximum valley height (3.09 ± 0.79 μm) that was half that of the peak one.Conclusions: CCM is a promising technology to quantitatively characterize the 3D organization of the DM surface. CCM can be used to classify the different types of surface lesions of the FECD corneas and to follow evolution of DM alteration at different stages of the disease.

The Use of Asymmetric Polynomial Profiles for Planning a Smooth Trajectory

This paper presents planning of smooth trajectories using the asymmetric profiles of displacement, velocity, acceleration and jerk of described higher degree polynomials. The presented way of determination of polynomial and asymmetry coefficients as well as motion time includes the procedure at both constraints of single kinematic quantities, i.e., velocity, acceleration, jerk and introducing a few constraints simultaneously. Moreover, the paper presents a method of planning trajectories with intermediate points consisting in concatenation of the analyzed polynomials. The proposed method of trajectory planning was compared to that of using the S-curve. The results in the form of kinematic quantity courses are presented graphically. The discussed method guarantees continuity of displacement, velocity, acceleration and jerk. It can be used for planning trajectories of various technical objects (e.g., manipulators, mobile robots, CNC machine tools, optical disk drives, autonomous vehicles, etc.).

Dynamics modeling of gear transmissions with asymmetric load-dependent friction

This paper proposes a new concise mathematical model of gear transmission dynamics with asymmetric load-dependent friction. It is built only upon the rigid-contact mechanics and the Coulomb friction law, but provides a new theoretical perspective on dynamic and static characteristics of gear transmissions. The presented model is of the form of a differential–algebraic inclusion (DAI) characterized by some parameters, including input-side and output-side asymmetry coefficients. The presented model properly captures the static friction and even the non-backdrivability. It is applicable to different classes of transmissions, such as leadscrew transmissions, worm gear transmissions, and spur gear transmissions. The DAI representation is extended into a multi-dimensional representation for articulated rigid-body systems driven through joint transmissions. Moreover, simulation algorithms are derived through the implicit Euler discretization. Some simulation examples illustrate the capability of the presented simulation algorithm to reproduce load-dependent asymmetric frictional behaviors, which cannot be reproduced by conventional load-independent joint friction models.

Jump Dynamics and Leverage Effect: Evidences from Energy Exchange Traded Fund (ETFs)

Abstract This paper is concerned with the behavior of energy ETF prices. It applies three models: autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH), along with their revised forms, ARMA–Exponential-GARCH, Glosten-Jagannathan-Runkle (GJR), and GARCH diffusion process with jump models. This study looks at the volatility behavior and jumps dynamics of Energy and Master Limited Partnership's (MLP) ETFs. The results show that ARMA-GARCH is appropriate for modeling energy and MLP ETFs. Both ETFs offer positive leverage and asymmetric volatility. The results show that the jump model with a GARCH volatility specification has an actual amount of jump presence and time variation in the jump size distribution. The conclusion of the ARMA - EGARCH model gives evidence of the reverse leverage effect. The leverage term positively influences the conditional variance, while the asymmetry coefficient for the GJR model is positive and significant. These results reveal that both Energy and MLPs ETF have high volatility. JEL classification numbers: F3. Keywords: Energy ETFs, MLPs, ARMA-GARCH model, Volatility Asymmetry, Leverage and Jump Effect.

CONSIDERATION OF THE CRITERION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ASYMMETRIC LOAD ON VOLTAGE DISTORTION IN A 10 kV NETWORK FOR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REDUCING VOLTAGE ASYMMETRY

To date, there is a fairly large number of electrical equipment that is a source of asymmetric modes of operation in medium and low voltage electrical networks. This electrical equipment can create conductive low-frequency electromagnetic interference in electrical networks by the coefficient of voltage asymmetry in the reverse sequence. Studying the methodological basis of research on the theory of conductive low-frequency interference, it was found that when switching from one adjacent electrical network to another (for example, from a 0.4 kV network to a 10 kV network and vice versa) potential for conductive low-frequency interference decreases, i.e. the interference is partially suppressed by a certain amount. This amount is called the criterion determining the changes of the voltage asymmetry coefficient values in the reverse sequence in the transition of conductive low-frequency electromagnetic interference to the adjacent network. The purpose of this article is to develop a mathematical model for the study of network parameters affecting voltage asymmetry in the reverse sequence, which is reduced to a method for determining the value of the criterion for the effect of an asymmetric load on voltage distortion in a 10 kV network for recommendations for reducing voltage asymmetry. The article describes in detail the method of calculating this value and how it can be used to form recommendations for reducing voltage asymmetry. Scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that an empirical mathematical model has been obtained that determines the criterion for the influence of an asymmetric load in a low-voltage network, the impact on which makes it possible to improve the electromagnetic situation in a 10 kV electrical network. This parameter can be taken into account when designing elements of electrical networks to determine the electromagnetic environment.

Calculating the Geoelectrical Parameters of Selected Wells in Al-Ishaqi District - Salah Al-Din Governorate/Central Iraq

The current study aims to calculate the geoelectrical parameters of the confined aquifer saturated with water, which is located within the sediments of the Quaternary period in the southwestern part of Salah al-Din. It is in the Balad district in which coefficients are represented by the values of longitudinal conduction (T), whose values are 0.18-0.55. The transverse specific resistance (RT) and its values are 3207- 7603, the longitudinal (volume) resistance (ρb) and its values 87-157, and specific cross-sectional resistance with its values 86-155, while the asymmetry coefficient (FF) whose values are 26-51. Also, some statistical relationships of hydrogeophysical coefficients were calculated and contour maps were drawn with the values of these operators in the study area.

Investigating the effect of galaxy mergers on star-formation rates using spatially resolved stellar mass maps

The spatially resolved stellar mass maps of high-redshift (z<2) galaxies are used to separate merging and non-merging galaxies. For this purpose, we used the combination of non-parametric indices such as asymmetry (A), Gini and M20 coefficients. Classification based on the stellar mass maps reduces the effect of large star-forming clumps and hence increases the robustness of the sample selection method. We compared the relative fraction of merging systems with log(M) > 10.5 solar mass, with respect to the star-forming galaxies above and below the star-forming main sequence (SFMS) at different redshift ranges. We found that the fraction of mergers above and below the SFMS at each redshift is comparable. The results show that mergers have small effects on the star-formation rates and the distribution of the merging galaxies about the SFMS.

Slip dominated planar anisotropy of low cycle fatigue behavior of commercially pure titanium

Low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) was investigated under stress cycling and strain cycling along the rolling direction (RD), 30° to the rolling direction (RD-30°), 60° to the rolling direction (RD-60°) and the transverse direction (TD), respectively. The loading direction brings about eminent differences in the fatigue properties, which is summarized as follows;Cyclic strain hardening exponent: RD＞RD-30°＞RD-60°＞TDCyclic stress amplitude: TD＞RD-60°＞RD-30°＞RDRatcheting effect: TD＞RD-60°＞RD-30°＞RDFatigue life: RD＞RD-30°＞RD-60°＞TDBased on the comprehensive analysis of Schmid factor, texture evolution, twinning activities, in-grain misorientation axis and geometrically necessary dislocation density, it is concluded that the anisotropic slip behavior characterizes the planar anisotropy of LCF behavior. The promotion of dislocation activities of non-prismatic slip with higher activation stress from the RD to the TD leads to the higher cyclic stress amplitude, lower cyclic strain hardening and more significant ratcheting effect, though prismatic slip always acts as the primary slip mode. The observation of fracture surfaces also confirms the critical role of dislocation activities on fatigue crack initiation. Introducing yield ratio parameter into the asymmetry coefficient related model, the fatigue lives in both the fatigue were accurately predicted.

Analysis of the degree of influence of supply voltage asymmetry on the operational reliability of low-voltage asynchronous electric motors

THE PURPOSE. The relevance of research is that the comprehensive substantiation of issues aimed at ensuring the effective functioning of the electrical complex with the presence of an electric motor load in conditions of low-quality supply voltage. The aim of the work is to study the effect of the asymmetry of the supply voltage on the service life of an asynchronous motor with a short-circuited rotor. The main attention is paid to the dynamics of changes in the service life of low-voltage asynchronous electric motors of various series, depending on the level of voltage asymmetry. Asynchronous electric motors of the classic series (4A, AI) and the upgraded (5A, AI’) are identified as the object of research. As is known, the efficient and reliable operation of electric motors is characterized by the service life of the insulation of the windings. A qualitative assessment of the operational reliability of AM is determined by the accuracy of forecasting the real life of their service. That is why, it becomes obvious, the task of an adequate assessment of the operational reliability of low-voltage asynchronous electric motors operating under conditions of low-quality supply voltage directly depends on the complex of studies of such an external influencing factor as the asymmetry of the supply voltage. METHODS. The realization of the research objectives was carried out using the software package "SimPowerSystems" of the interactive programming environment Matlab/Simulink. RESULTS. The research was carried out on asynchronous motors with a short-circuited rotor: classic series (4A132S4, AIR160S8), upgraded series (5A132M6, AIR132S4) with PH = 7,5 kW, rated speed n = 1500 rpm. Modeling of the physical processes of the studied electric motors was carried out by changing the voltage asymmetry coefficient in the reverse sequence (K2U) from 0 to 5% in increments of 1%. Based on the obtained simulation results, diagrams of the change in the service life of AM from the magnitude of the influencing factor are constructed. The studies performed using computer modeling based on the "SimPowerSystems" software package of the Matlab/Simulink system made it possible to predict changes in the service life of AM, estimate the limits of permissible values of the voltage asymmetry coefficient in the reverse sequence, compare the studied electric motors by the level of resistance to an external influencing factor. CONCLUSION. A comprehensive solution to issues related to improving the operational reliability of low-voltage asynchronous electric motors is one of the priority areas, mainly aimed at ensuring the effective functioning of the electrical complex with an electric motor load. In the course of the study, a detailed assessment and analysis of the degree of influence of the asymmetry of the supply voltage on the operational reliability of low-voltage asynchronous electric motors was carried out. The results of the study were discussed, recommendations for the use of asynchronous electric motors in the presence of asymmetry of the supply voltage were formulated.

Site-selective luminescence of Eu3+ ions in silicate-tungstates with apatite and scheelite structures

The present work studies europium-ion spectroscopic features in solid solutions based on silicate-tungstates Ca2La6.8Eu1.2Si5.6W0.4O26.4 and Ca8Eu2Si3W3O26 microcrystalline powders with the crystal structure of silicate apatite and scheelite respectively. The spectroscopic features were studied by means of photoluminescence spectroscopy and X-ray excited luminescence at temperatures 4.6, 90 and 295 K. In Ca2La6.8Eu1.2Si5.6W0.4O26.4 only intensive luminescence was observed, which was characterized by a set of 5D0 → 7FJ dominant intraconfigurational transitions for Eu3+ ion. In Ca8Eu2Si3W3O26, both 5D0→ 7FJ intraconfigurational transitions for Eu3+ ion and wide 430 nm emission band corresponding to host self-trapped exciton (STE) emission are observed. This STE emission band is reabsorbed by the f – f absorption of Eu3+ ions by means of energy transfer from host to Eu3+. The asymmetry coefficient which characterizes the shape of the emission spectrum of Eu3+ ions strongly depends on the energy of exciting photons. The Eu3+ ion might occupy two nonequivalent crystallographic sites. Some features of this phenomenon were discussed.

Identification of Internal Electromagnetic Defects of Implicit-Pole Synchronous Generators Based on the Information of its External Magnetic

The objectives of the work are to develop a non-contact method of detecting internal electromagnetic defects in synchronous generators based on the analysis of asymmetry of the external magnetic field distribution resulting from damage, establishing the relationship of defects of a generator with the pattern of field distribution, identifying diagnostic signs for the defects. These objectives are achieved by developing and using three-dimensional finite-element models of the external magnetic field of synchronous generators, by studying and analyzing the results of numerical simulation of external magnetic fields, by comparing the simulation results with experimental data. Significant results of the work include the improvement of the non-contact method for detecting internal electromagnetic defects in synchronous generators, revealing how defects of the generator manifest themselves in the asymmetry of magnetic field distribution, and detecting the correlation of field asymmetry with the type and severity of defects. For implicit-pole synchronous generators, it is reasonable to use the field asymmetry coefficient determined by the shift in the magnetic field distribution caused by field coils damage. The sign of the coefficient indicates the pole with a damaged field coil. The value of the coefficient characterizes the severity of damage to the field coils, with a critical value of 0.1. The significance of the results lies in the possibility of timely and non-contact diagnostics of internal electromagnetic defects of implicitpole synchronous generators, which can significantly reduce the economic damage from failures of generators without installation of diagnostic sensors of damage inside the generators.

Do ESG Ratings Reduce the Asymmetry Behavior in Volatility?

It is well noted in the literature that volatility responds differently to positive and negative shocks. In this paper, we explore the impact of ESG ratings on such asymmetric behavior of volatility. For this analysis, we use the return data, ESG ratings, and solvency ratios of the constituent stocks of S&amp;P Europe 350 for the period January 2016–December 2021. We apply autoregressive moving average models for the conditional means and GARCH and stochastic volatility models for the conditional variances to estimate the asymmetry coefficients. Afterwards, these coefficients are regressed via Arellano–Bond and lagged first difference methods to estimate the impact of ESG ratings. Our findings confirm that stocks of riskier firms are more likely to suffer from asymmetry behavior of volatility. We also confirm that firm leverage is linked to this asymmetry behavior. We found evidence that the impact of ESG ratings was negative before COVID-19, but positive afterwards. For some sectors, higher ESG ratings are linked to higher asymmetry. Finally, we found that during COVID-19, the asymmetry behavior became more pronounced.

The Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale: Psychometric properties for Portuguese neonatal nurses.

This study is aimed to perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale (NiPCAS) and evaluation of its psychometric properties with Portuguese neonatal nurses. The research started with a scoping review that allowed the identification of the NiPCAS. It was a methodological study with a quantitative approach. The semantic equivalence of the items was adjusted with the participation of 20 neonatal nurse experts. They performed facial and quantitative content validation. Psychometric validation of the NiPCAS was performed on a nonprobability nurses sample (n = 283) in 13 level 3 neonatal units between July 2021 and February 2022. Confirmatory factor analysis using the polychoric correlation matrix was performed to estimate factor validity using the "lavaan" package for R statistical software. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and item sensitivity was assessed using the asymmetry and kurtosis coefficients. Empirical indices were considered: chi-square over degrees of freedom; comparative fit index; normed fit index; Tucker-Lewis index, and root mean square error of approximation; average extracted variance and composite reliability were used to assess convergent validity. Asymmetry and kurtosis were <|3| and <|7|, respectively, suggesting psychometric sensitivity. The convergent validity of the factors was: F1, FCF1 = 0.90 and for F2, FCF2 = 0.80, and a lower value for F3, FCF3 = 0.40. According to the squared correlation criterion average variance extracted (AVE) between the factors, there was no discriminant validity for F1 and F2, but there was discriminant validity for F1, F3, F2, and F3. This instrument has implications for providing end-of-life care to newborns and their families. The use of this instrument reveals several barriers and facilitating elements inherent in the organization and culture of the facility and nursing education.