Coefficient Of Adaptability Research Articles

Test results of new breeding potato hybrids in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

In the period from 2016 to 2022 in the conditions of the Kirov region, an assessment of hybrid potato combinations was carried out according to the most important traits - high productivity and yield, marketable and consumer qualities of tubers. New potato hybrids bred by the Falenki Breeding Station – branch of the FARC North-East were used as the objects of the research: 6-17 (‘Gornyak’ x ‘Manifest’); 15-17 (428-05 x ‘Manifest’); 33-17 (132-07 x ‘Manifest’); 72-17 (‘Gornyak’בIrbitsky’); 78-17 (‘Udacha’ x 428-05); 120-17 (‘Utyonok’בReggi’); 25-16 (‘Kupalinka’ x 428-05). They were noted as the most promising ones according to the results of the research of 2016-2022. The medium-early ‘Nevsky’ cultivar approved for use in the Kirov region was used as a standard. According to the methodological guidelines of the potato breeding process, phenological observations, productivity assessment (on day 65), total and commercial yields were carried out in the nursery, and the chemical composition of tubers was determined. As a result, on average, over three years of testing for a complex of economically valuable traits, a promising breeding number 33-17 was identified – a significant excess of the total yield (29.9 t/ha) over the standard ‘Nevsky‘ cultivar was 14.6 t/ha. The tubers are oval with a red, slightly reticulated skin, the eyes are small, unpainted, the flesh is white. In addition, when evaluating the productive capabilities of potato hybrids, the coefficient of adaptability of breeding number 33-17 was 1.40, which makes it possible to recommend it for cultivation in this region in order to obtain stable yields.

Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles regulate distinct heat stress response in zebu (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) cattle.

Epigenetic variations result from long-term adaptation to environmental factors. The Bos indicus (zebu) adapted to tropical conditions, whereas Bos taurusadaptedto temperate conditions; hence native zebu cattle and its crossbred (B indicus×B taurus) show differences in responses to heat stress. The present study evaluated genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of these two breeds of cattle that may explain distinct heat stress responses. Physiological responses to heat stress and estimated values of Iberia heat tolerance coefficient and Benezra's coefficient of adaptability revealed better relative thermotolerance of Hariana compared to the Vrindavani cattle. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns were different for Hariana and Vrindavani cattle. The comparison between breeds indicated thepresence of 4599 significant differentially methylated CpGs with 756 hypermethylated and 3845 hypomethylated in Hariana compared to the Vrindavani cattle. Further, we found 79 genes that showed both differential methylation and differential expression that are involved in cellular stress response functions. Differential methylations in the microRNA coding sequences also revealed their functions in heat stress responses. Taken together, epigenetic differences represent thepotential regulation of long-term adaptation of Hariana (B indicus) cattle to the tropical environment and relative thermotolerance.

SPRING WHEAT IN THE DRY CLIMATE OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION OF RUSSIA

Background. The growing of spring wheat in arid conditions is a difficult task because the biological characteristics of the crop and its demands on moisture reserves. The need for sowing spring wheat in the spring is dictated by the possible death of winter grains in winter. Purpose. To determine the most adaptive varieties of spring wheat with high yield and good quality for cultivation in the dry climate of the Lower Volga region of Russia. Methods. To achieve this goal, an environmental test of spring wheat varieties was carried out by us; the harvest results were processed by analysis of variance. To characterize weather conditions, the hydrothermal coefficient was calculated according to T.G. Selyaninov. An analysis of the ability of varieties to adapt to local climatic conditions was carried out using the coefficient of adaptability, stress resistance and compensatory ability of varieties. The graph was constructed and statistical data processing was carried out in Microsoft Excel 2008. Result. As a result of the research work, it was established that on average over three years of research, the highest yield of spring wheat was in the following varieties: Saratovskaya 73 -1.65 t/ha, Kamyshinskaya 3 - 1.32 t/ha, Bezenchukskaya 205 - 1, 4 t/ha. Processing of spring wheat harvest data are used by dispersion analysis made it possible to determine that the gross harvest of the crop is largely influenced by meteorological conditions, up to 42.0%, the choice of variety is about 19.7%, and agrotechnological and other environmental factors are 38.2%. It can be noted that spring soft wheat in the conditions of the Lower Volga region is capable of producing grain yields of good quality with large grains from 31.2 to 36.4 g of 1000 grains. Analysis of indicators of the level of resistance to drought conditions shows that the most stress-resistant varieties are: Zinaida - 0.06 t/ha, Kamyshinskaya 3 - 0.24 t/ha, Albidum 188 - 0.24. The varieties that have the highest genetic flexibility in the conditions of the Lower Volga region are: Saratovskaya 73 - 1.72 t/ha, Bezenchukskaya 205 - 1.5 t/ha and Kamyshinskaya 3 - 1.32 t/ha. The spring wheat varieties Bezenchukskaya 205 have the highest responsiveness to changes in crop growth conditions - 0.12, Dobrynya is in second place - 0.14, Albidum is in third place, Kamyshinskaya 3 - 0.15. The adaptability coefficient is higher than 1 in the varieties Albidum 188, Kamyshinskaya 3, Saratovskaya 73, Prokhorovka, Zinaida. Conclusion. The varieties Saratovskaya 73 and Kamyshinskaya 3 are distinguished by yield, stress tolerance, genetic adaptability to dry climate.

Индексная оценка засухоустойчивости и адаптивности перспективных сортов диплоидной озимой ржи в контрастных условиях выращивания

Abstract. Winter rye is grown in a variety of soil and climatic conditions, which indicates the evolutionary resistance to the action of abiotic stressors. Due to periodic spring-summer droughts in the conditions of the North-West region of the Russian Federation, the problem of drought tolerance in rye is of particular importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate 13 winter diploid rye collection varieties for drought tolerance and adaptability in the Northwestern region of the Russian Federation and to identify the most promising ones. Methods. Experiments were laid from 2018 to 2022 in a field plot located in the Northwestern region. To determine the drought tolerance of varieties we used indices: average productivity (AP), endurance index (TOL), yield stability index (YSI), drought tolerance index (DI), tolerance index (STI), geometric average productivity (GAP), drought tolerance index (DSI), agronomic drought tolerance (Adt), degree of yield reduction (X3). To calculate adaptability, the following indicators were used: d% - yield range in %, V% - coefficient of variation, Er – response effect, Ca – adaptability coefficient, Ci – intensity coefficient, d t/ha – yield range in t/ha. Results. The study years can be classified as drought years 2018, 2019, and 2022. The average yield in these years ranged from 3.6 t/ha for the variety Niva, to 4.99 t/ha for the variety Lota. Years 2020 and 2021 are favorable, with average yields ranging from 6.3 t/ha for the variety Niva, to 9.9 t/ha for the variety Ofeliya. The most drought-resistant varieties are Lota, Zubrovka, Talisman, Niva, Yaselʼda, the most adaptive are Zubrovka, Era, Ofeliya, Talisman, Yaselʼda. Of the listed methods of determining drought tolerance, we should pay attention to the Yield Stability Index (YSI) and Drought Tolerance Index (DI). To identify adaptability: the coefficient of adaptability (Ca) and the coefficient of intensity (Ci). Scientific novelty. Consists in a comparative assessment of yield drought tolerance and adaptability of winter rye varieties and identifying among them possessing a set of economically useful features and resistant to drought conditions of the North-West region.

Adaptive potential of winter wheat varieties under contrasting conditions of mineral nutrition in the middle Don

The current study was carried out to research the adaptive potential of winter wheat varieties depending on the level of mineral nutrition in the soil and climatic conditions of the north of the Rostov region in 2012–2018. The objects of the study were 10 winter wheat varieties bred by FGBSI FRARC. Between 2012 and 2014 there were studied 6 wheat varieties (the first group), in 2015–2018 there were studied 4 ones (second group). The soil of the experimental plot was represented by southern medium-thick calcareous chernozem. The experimental scheme included 12 backgrounds of mineral nutrition. Crops were laid weedfree fallow, the seeding rate was 4 million germinating seeds per 1 ha for each agricultural variant. Agro-climatic conditions in the experimental years were contrasting. As a result of the study, there was found that in the first group of varieties, the factor ‘variety’ had the greatest influence on productivity formation (64.4 %), in the second group it was the factor ‘agrobackground’ (71.0 %). Productive possibilities (according to the coefficient of adaptability) of the varieties ‘Donskaya Lira’, ‘Donna’, ‘Zolushka’, ‘Boyarynya’ and ‘Donera’ were high, they amounted to 101–108 %. In contrasting conditions of mineral nutrition, the above listed varieties had an optimal ratio between the needs of the genotype and the level of the agricultural background. The varieties ‘Boyarynya’ and ‘Donna’ in their groups formed the maximum yield with 6.71 t/ha of for ‘Boyarynya’ and 6.42 t/ha for ‘Donna’. In the course of the current work, there was found that the varieties ‘Missiya’ and ‘Tarasovskaya 70’ had high adaptability to a limited amount of fertilizers. The optimal combination of parameters of ecological adaptability and stability were found for the varieties ‘Donskaya Lira’, ‘Boyarynya’, ‘Vestnitsa’, ‘Donstar’, ‘Donera’. They had a wide range of adaptive capabilities, therefore, under production conditions, they could produce a stable grain yield with various variations in the level of mineral nutrition.

The assessment of blue lupine varieties according to productivity and adaptability in the conditions of Kirov region

The article provides the results of the comparative study of grain productivity of 7 blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) varieties bred by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Lupine in the conditions of Kirov region on sod-podzolic light loamy soil. It has been established that the yield of the seeds of blue lupine varied 1.5-2 times over the years of cultivation (2000-2022) depending on the weather conditions. Over 3 years on the average the varieties Bryansky kormovoy and Siderat were the most productive, 46-287 and 281 g/m2, respectively. Even in extremely unfavorable for blue lupine 2022 (by environment condition index of 62) these varieties significantly exceeded the control (Vitayz – 135.8 g/m2) in yield, by 72.9 and 61.1 %. The coefficient of adaptability of the varieties Siderat 46, Smena, Uzkolistny 53, Bryansky kormovoy was over 100 %. The productivity structure elements of blue lupine, namely: the number of beans per plant, the number of grains per bean and mass of 1000 seeds depended on hydrothermal conditions of the growing period. Under favorable conditions the number of beans per plant and the size of seeds increased. The number of grains per bean was the most stable indicator. The average duration of the growing period of lupine varieties was 84-91 days. In hot and dry weather of 2022 the ripening began 5-7 days earlier than long-time average annual periods. The varieties with highly developed side branching had a longer growing period – Bryansky kormovoy, Uzkolistny 53 and. Vitayz. During the year favorable by hydrothermal conditions the raw protein content in lupine seeds was 30.8-36.5 %. In unfavorable years it decreased by 20-45 % depending on the variety.

Еvaluation of productivity and adaptability of coriander varieties under forest-steppe conditions of the middle Volga region

Coriander is a common essential oil crop and a source of a number of valuable products. Coriander is grown mainly for oil seeds (fruits) and spicy greens (cilantro). The article presents a comparative assessment of the productivity and adaptability of 14 varieties of coriander in the conditions of the Penza region (forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region). Over the years of research (2020-2022), the duration of the growing season of coriander was, on average for varieties, 89-109 days. Early ripening was noted in varieties Karibe, Borodinsky and Silach (89-92 days). The yield of coriander seeds ranged from 1.41 to 1.83 t/ha, with the maximum values in the Nectar and Santo varieties (1.75 and 1.83 t/ha), 0.15-0.42 t/ha higher other varieties (LSD05 = 0.11). The highest content of fatty oil was noted in the varieties Commander (20.09 %), Venera (19.58 %) and Santo (19.04 %). All varieties had a fairly high adaptive potential: the coefficient of adaptability ranged from 0.85 to 1.19, with the highest values in varieties Nectar (1.19), Santo (1.13) and Karibe (1.12). These varieties had the highest breeding value (1.32-1.42). According to the values of the indicator of the level of stability of the variety (19.09) and the stability index (13.66), the variety Karibe was characterized by the highest stability of the trait "yield". The analysis of the crop structure showed that the varieties Nectar (4.89 g) and Santo (5.49 g) were selected according to the productivity of one plant. The largest fruits were formed in varieties Taiga (10.26 g), Santo (10.94 g) and Karibe (10.85 g). According to the number of fruits in one umbel, 7 varieties are of the greatest interest, in which this indicator reached more than 40 pieces. The maximum number of umbel 21.6 and 22.6 was formed by varieties Nectar and Santo. Evaluation of coriander varieties showed their high adaptive capabilities in contrasting weather conditions of the Penza region.

An investigation on morphometric measurements and adaptability of Marathwadi buffaloes in the native breeding tract

The present study was carried out on 204 Marathwadi buffaloes, 154 from Livestock Farm Complex (LFC), College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (COVAS), Udgir, Dist. Latur and50 from villages of Udgir tahsil to analyse their growth and adaptability profile. Marathwadi buffaloes were divided (age wise)into three groups (0-1 year, 1-3 year and 3 year and above).Different biometrical and physiological parameters were recorded during five consecutive years to study the growth profile and adaptability of Marathwadi buffaloes. No significant difference was observed in morphological parameters (body length, chestgirth, height at withers, body weight and body surface area)between buffaloes reared in LFC, COVAS, Udgir and under field conditions of adjoining villages in Udgir Tahsil. Body growth pattern was proportionate according to age in both the groups. However, growth parameters were comparatively lower in buffaloes under village conditions than buffaloes maintained atLFC, COVAS, Udgir. Benezra’s Coefficient of Adaptability (BCA)was used to assess the adaptability of these buffaloes and nosignificant difference was observed among the both group of buffaloes across all age groups. However, as per Iberia Heat Tolerance Coefficient (IHTC), adaptability values were nearby 100 in all groups and there was no significant difference was observed between these two groups. It is inferred that, growth pattern was proportionate with age in Marathwadi buffaloes which were reared under organised farm as compared to the animals reared under field condition

CHARACTERISTICS OF POTATO VARIETIES ACCORDING TO ADAPTABILITY PARAMETERS RESEARCHED IN THE FOREST ZONE OF UKRAINE

The article presents the results of research on potato varieties in the Polissia zone of Ukraine. According to them, the adaptive potential, phenotypic stability and resistance to stressful environmental conditions were calculated based on the ''yield'' feature. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment, it was established that the general adaptive capacity according to the absolute coefficient of adaptability is characteristic of the following varieties: Prada, Sanibel, Riviera, Vzirets, Bellarosa, Zhytnytsia, Rodynna, Lilly, Yavir, Knyazha, Sluch, Toscana, Challenger. High stress resistance was found in potato varieties: Prada Predslava, Challenger. Genetic plasticity, which has a high degree of compatibility of the ''genotype-environment'' factors, was established in the varieties: Prada, Sluch, Bellarosa, Rodinna. According to the coefficient of variation, a high degree of variation (variability) was established in the varieties: Sluch, Vzirets. Varieties: Prada, Challenger, Predslava had slight variability. This assessment will contribute to the selection of potato varieties for profitable and economically profitable potato farming.

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE SERIAL COMBAT-TRAINING (TRAINING) AIRCRAFT

A mathematical model of the serial combat (training) aircraft cost which is a formalised dependence’s price of one serial aircraft product on the values of its training and combat properties has been constructed. These quality indicators, in their turn, are known coefficients quantitatively characterising the product quality as a complex product property of satisfying consumer needs in the relative scale’s measurement of the corresponding aircraft type properties selected as a reference. That is, the factor space of the constructed model initial data includes the coefficient of the aircraft adaptability for flight training of cadets, characterizing the training properties of the aircraft and the coefficients of combat aircraft potential to destroy ground (surface) targets and aerial targets, characterizing the combat properties of the aircraft.
 The built model takes into account the impact of aircraft technology development on the cost of the aircraft as well as the effect of inflation factors. The performance of the built model was verified by the criteria of accuracy in describing the available statistical material sample and the accuracy in describing the trends in the dependence of a serial product’s cost on its quality indicators known from the world practice. The results of the model performance check were satisfactory which makes it possible to recommend the built model for estimating the cost of modern aircraft at prices in US dollars, fixed at the rate of fiscal year 2020.

Адаптивность лядвенца рогатого в Нечерноземье России

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative study of lotus corniculatus samples with the Smolenskiy 1 standard, as well as with the average yield of green mass according to experience. It is necessary to identify the most productive and adapted to the conditions of the Smolensk region variety numbers for further transfer to the next stage of breeding study. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the results of adaptability in terms of green mass yield were studied for the first time in the breeding nursery of the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops on lotus corniculatus crops. Methods. The indices of plasticity (bi), stability (Sd2), genetic flexibility ((Ymin + Ymax)/2), stress resistance (Ymin – Ymax), coefficient of variation (V), coefficient of adaptability (CA), coefficient of equalization (E), yield range (d). The soil of the site is sod-medium podzolic with an average humus content of 2.3, P2O5 222–240 mg/kg, K2O 102–170 mg/kg of soil, salt extract pH 4.9–5,4. Weather and climatic conditions for 2017–2020 were different, so HTC 1,2–2,4; SAT 2200–2400 °C. Results. Of the 16 cultivars, the most productive were E-25 (59.3 t/ha) and E-49 (48.1 t/ha). The numbers E-8, E-11, Smolenskiy 1, E-6, E-9, E-50 and E-25 have increased stress resistance (–18.8 ...–28.8 t/ha). The best indicator of genetic flexibility is in E-25, E-10, E-16 (52.4 t/ha, 48.8 t/ha and 45.5 t/ha). The most plastic samples are E-19 (1.09), E-50 (1.05), E-16 and E-26 (1.02), E-6 (0.99). In the experiment, E-26 (6.27), E-47 (7.67), E-16 (8.43) and E-6 (8.47) are more stable. High adaptability was shown by E-25, E-11, E-10, E-49 with a coefficient of KA = 1.31...1.06. E-9, E-10, E-12, Smolenskiy 1, E-47, E-25, E-16, E-6 have good agronomic stability, E-26 with a coefficient E = 80.4...70.1%. A comprehensive analysis of the indicators made it possible to identify the most valuable lotus corniculatus cultivar for further reproduction and transfer to the next stage of breeding study: E-6, E-9, E-10, E-11, E-12, E-16, E-19, E-25, E-26, E-47, E-49.

Screening of accessions from fiber flax collection by productivity and their adaptability to the conditions of the North-West region of Russia

The article presents the results of evaluation of 19 collection accessions of fiber flax in the conditions of the North-West of Russia (Tver region). The experiments were carried out in 2015-2017 on soddy-podzolic light loamy soil. The most favorable conditions for the formation of high yields of flax fiber were formed in 2017 (Ij = 0.52), for flax seeds ‒ in 2015 (Ij = 0.07). According to the flax fiber yield, such varieties as Tost 3, Atlant (Russia), Evea (France), Alizee, Merylin, (Holland) have been noted, their yield was in the range of 1.65 (Atlant) ... 2.18 (Evea) t/ha, which is 17.0...51.3 % higher than the standard Alfa variety. The variability of this trait in domestic varieties Tost 3 and Atlant is average (CV = 22.58 and 33.31 %, respectively). The varieties of West European breeding Evea, Alizee, Merylin have high variability (CV = 35.02…41.70 %). Varieties Merylin, Evea and Atlant also showed a high yield of flax seeds 0.77...0.82 t/ha with the variability level of 21.31...28.58 %. These genotypes significantly exceeded the average value for this trait – coefficient of adaptability (CA) was 1.10…1.25. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of fiber flax accessions, including the yield of fiber and seeds, as well as their adaptive properties - stress resistance (Y2 - Y1), genetic flexibility and compensatory ability (Y1 + Y2 / 2), stability (d), the highest indicators were shown by the varieties Tost 3, Atlant and Evea. These genotypes are a valuable source material in fiber flax breeding for adaptability. The expansion of sown areas under these varieties in the conditions of the North-West region of Russia will contribute to solving the problem of the country's raw material supply.

The study of ecological flexibility and adaptability of black current varieties in conditions of Kirov region

The researches had been held in 2015-2021ss in FSBSI FARC of the North-East (FEDERAL STATE BUDGET SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION “FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE”). The studied objects were 36 varieties of black current collection of 2013 planting year. The check variety was Vologda. The aim of the researches is to estimate black currant varieties for productivity, fruiting stability, sustainability and adaptability in conditions of Kirov region. The most common technique to estimate productivity of the varieties is comparison with the check variety. 13 varieties were referred to the most numerous group of high productive (4.7-14.3 t/ha), including the varieties of FARC of the North-East, such as, Benefis (Benefit) and Sputnick (Satellite). The coefficient of productiveness stability (S) and the coefficient of adaptability (CA) were calculated for detection of adaptive varieties in conditions of the region. On the coefficient of productiveness stability (S) in conditions of Kirov region, the black current varieties with maximum demonstration of this feature were distinguished: Fortuna (Fortune) (0.86), Arcadia (0.83), Mulatka (Mulatto) (0.83), Dobriy Dzhin (A Kind Jenie) (0.82), Alivas (0.79) and the check variety Vologda (0.77). The estimation of the adaptability coefficient (CA) allows distinguishing 16 black current varieties with high adaptability (101280 % on average over 7 years). The coefficient of regression (bi) shows how far the amount of harvest varies in changing environmental index per unit and characterizes flexibility of the variety. 10 flexible, high-intensity varieties, which coefficient of regression was 6.8-1.4, were identified. The technique, which was suggested by S. N. Shcheglov, allows the combination of productivity and sustainability. The applying of the technique permitted to distinguish 13 varieties with above the average productivity among the whole complex of varieties (more than 4.5 t/ha). As a result of the research, the following black currant varieties were emphasized: Benefis (Benefit) which was differed in high productiveness stability, average fruiting stability, high flexibility and adaptability; Sputnick (Satellite) and Naslednitsa (Inheritress), which combined high productiveness stability, high flexibility and adaptability. The adaptive varieties of the intensive type Cherniy Zhemchug (Black Pearl) and Nezhdanchik showed high but instable productivity during the years. The productive varieties Arcadia (the selection of FARC of the North-East) and Dobriy Dzhin (A Kind Jenie) were prominent for high fruiting stability and adaptability.

Estimation of spring barley adaptability to the aridity of the Stavropol Territory according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’

A necessary condition for the stable improvement of barley production in the country is the extension of crops, varieties which are most adapted to the conditions of the region, capable of providing a high and stable level of productivity under changing climatic conditions. Productivity is a complex quantitative indicator, which is formed by various yield structure elements, one of which is ‘1000-grain weight’. The purpose of the current study was to estimate adaptability of the spring barley samples of various geographical origins to the arid conditions of the Stavropol Territory according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ and their further use in breeding work. The objects of the study were 60 spring barley samples. In order to determine stability, there has been used a coefficient of variation (V %), ecological adaptability (bi), homeostaticity (Hom), and stress tolerance (Ymin–Ymax). On average, during 2016–2021, the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ among the varieties ranged from 35 to 50 grams. The maximum values of the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ were identified in the varieties ‘Victor’ (Russia) with 50.1g (+5.0% to the standard) and ‘Nutans 74840’ (Russia) with 49.7g (+4.2%). The varieties of the extensive type (bi = 0.49–0.86) ‘Nutans 74840’ (Russia), ‘Prikumsky 22’ (Russia), ‘Pri­kumsky 14’ (Russia) and the standard variety ‘Strannik’ were characterized with high stability (V = 5.9–9.8 %), stress tolerance (Ymin–Ymax= –8–11) and homeostaticity (Hom = 43.1–101.2). The varieties ‘Adapt’ (Ukraine), ‘Vodogray’ (Ukraine) and ‘Novonikolaevsky’ (Russia) responded to the weather improvement to a greater extent (bi = 1.21–1.59), but significantly reduced 1000-grain weight when it worsened (Ymin–Ymax = –17 –21). The varieties ‘Nutans 74840’ and ‘Strannik’ turned to be the most adaptive ones for the aridity of the Stavropol Territory, and therefore the best breeding material.

AGROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION ALLIUM AMPELOPRASUM VAR. AMPELOPRASUM L.

The article presents the results of studies of biological and morphological features of introduced forms of Elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L.) in comparison with garlic cultivars (Allium sativum L.) Sofiivskyi and Prometei. Research on collection samples began in 2016. Samples of Elephant garlic were obtained by expeditionary method (from Greece and Khmelnytsky region). Several plants with long dark green, broad and leathery leaves, pink inflorescences with microcloves (bulbils), large bulbs were selected and vegetatively (clonally) propagated to create a population of homogeneous plants. The study used field, laboratory, statistical, computational and analytical methods. The research was conducted in the training and production department of Uman National University of Horticulture during 2020-2021, using collection varieties of different ecological and geographical origin (Ukraine and Greece). Cultivars/varieties were evaluated according to the following parameters: plant height, leaf area, and indicators of individual productivity (bulb weight, number of teeth and bulbils, etc.), yield and nutritional value. It was found that varieties of Аllium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L. react more sharply to changes in growing conditions than cultivars of Allium sativum L. Winter hardiness of cultivars of Elephant garlic was in the range of 98,0–100%, but they had low adaptability, where the coefficient of adaptability (CA) was 0,45–0,49, and in winter garlic CA = 0,95–0,97. Plants of Аllium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L. do not form air bubbles, but on the bottom and under the covering scales of the bulb is formed from 3-5 to 10 pcs. bulbils. Varieties № 2 and № 3 have 7.1 and 5.1 large teeth in their structure, respectively. The weight of the bulb without removal of the flowering scape in the cultivar Sofiivskyi was less than the samples № 2 and № 3, respectively, by 28.4-53.3 g. With the removal of the flowering scape, the difference increased to 60.5-68.6 g. Yield of Аllium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L. without removal of the flowering scape № 2 was lower than the standard by 1.7 t/ha, at the same time the variety № 3 exceeded the standard by 1.1 t/ha. With the removal of the flowering scape, the yield of cultivars № 2 and № 3 exceeded the cultivar Sofiivskyi by 1.6 and 2.2 t/ha. As a result of research it was found that the introduced forms of Аllium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L. have high indicators of economic value, but they are limited in the first years of cultivation, the period of adaptation to new soil and climatic conditions, which creates some difficulties in their cultivation and reproduction.

Study of the effect of foliar top dressing with liquid polymer fertilizer Zelenit nitrogen micro on the growth and development of potato plants in vivo

This article contains the results of a study on the study of foliar feeding of potatoes with liquid polymer fertilizer Zelenit nitrogen micro at concentrations of 25, 30 and 35 mg/l. The provision of the plant with the main elements of nutrition contributes to good growth, accelerating its development, and also has a positive effect on the resistance of plants to negative influences. In the course of our research, it was found that it is effective to use foliar top dressing with Zelenit at a concentration of 30 to 35 mg / l, here the plants were better leafy and had the largest number of stems, which had a positive effect on the formation of the crop. The most productive of the studied varieties was the Belarusian variety Manifest, which ultimately had the maximum yield of seed material of the first field generation, which plays a paramount role for seed production. When studying the average coefficient of adaptability (Ka) in the conditions of the Pskov region, it was found that the most productive and promising varieties for growing in this region are Manifest and Lileya Belorusskaya with the highest coefficients of adaptability from 1.25-0.02 and with the use of liquid polymer fertilizer at a concentration of 25-30 mg / l.

Productivity and stress resistance of the Omsk spring barley varieties in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Newly developed varieties should be not only highly productive, but also adaptable. In this regard, the Omsk Agricultural Center is certainly one of the leaders in spring barley breeding (23 varieties have been created). New varieties should meet both the current needs of agricultural producers and agro-technological requirements in accordance with the achievements of science and production. In this regard, the purpose of the current study was to determine adaptability parameters of the Omsk barley varieties. There have been presented the study results of 2015–2019. The objects of the study were the two-row hulled varieties and lines ‘Omsky 95’ (standard), ‘Sasha’, ‘Podarok Sibiri’, ‘Omsky 100’, ‘Omsky 101’, ‘Medikum 4867’, ‘Nutans 4883’, ‘Nutans 4812’; the multi-row hulled varieties and lines ‘Omsk 99’ (standard), ‘Rikotense 4885’, ‘Pallidum 4861’; the multi-row hulles varieties and lines ‘Omsk golozerny 2’ (standard), ‘Omsk golozerny 4’. There have been estimated such adaptability parameters as coefficient of adaptability (according to Zhivotkov), coefficient of responsiveness to favorable growing conditions (according to Zykin), stress resistance and compensatory ability (according to Goncharenko), adaptability (according to Baransky and Gryaznov), trait variability and coefficient of agronomic stability (according to Dospekhov). The final estimation of the response of varieties to cultivation conditions had to be carried out by the sum of the ranks, taking into account that the first rank was the highest. The studied varieties were characterized by productivity of 5.2±0.97 t/ha. There was identified a significant increase for all varieties (+0.13…+0.90 t/ha to standard). The greatest contribution to the yield variation was made by the year conditions (65%); the share of a variety genotype effect was 19%. According to the sum of ranks, for the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia, the most adaptive varieties among the two-row hulled varieties and lines were ‘Sasha’, ‘Omsky 100’, ‘Omsky 101’ and ‘Nutans 4883’ (sum of ranks = 45–49). Among multi-row hulled varieties and lines it was ‘Rikotense 4885’ (sum of ranks = 46). Among the multi-row hulles varieties and lines they were ‘Omsk golozerny 2’ (standard), ‘Omsk golozerny 4’ (sum of ranks = 86 and 87).

Evaluation of carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L.) varieties by adaptability of the taproots yield using ms Excel

There were carrot varieties Losinoostrovskaya 13 (VNIIO), Shantane 2461 (West Siberian O. O.S.) and Nantskaya 4 (VNIISSOK), which were evaluated based on the results of field tests in the Moscow region (2010-2012 & 2014-2016) in order to identify the standard of adaptability. The average monthly air temperatures during the growing seasons exceeded the average long-term indicators. The years of observations differed significantly in moisture availability. The taproots yield in contrasting weather conditions served as a criterion of the adaptability. Long-term data of the taproots yield were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. According to results of two-way ANOVA, a significant influence of factors «variety», «year» and the «variety-year» interaction was revealed. There were indicators: the environmental index (I), the parameters of plasticity bi, the stability S2 (Eberhart, Russel, 1966), the coefficient of adaptability Kad (Zhivotkov et al., 1994), the indicator of the level and stability of the variety yield — PUSS, % (Nettevich et al., 1985) which were used to assess the adaptive properties of carrot varieties. These indicators differ in degree depending on the number of observations, the set of studied samples and the values of standard cultivars. MS Excel formulas are created using the functions SLOPE, TINV, SUMXMY2, SUMMPRODUCT and others to facilitate multi-stage calculations of indicators. Calculation algorithms are clearly demonstrated. The relationship between the environment index and the taproots yield of carrot varieties was characterized by high values of the determination coefficient R2=0.92-0.99, indicating a high approximation of the regression equation.According to the results of 6-year tests in contrasting weather conditions, the variety Shantane 2461 was allocated by adaptability. It surpassed other varieties in the taproots yield on average over the years of testing (4.2 kg/m2) and in the best weather conditions (up to 7.1 kg/m2) and was at the level of other varieties in the worst conditions. The variety Shantane 2461 demonstrated a favorable combination of high values of the coefficient of adaptability (Kad=1.09), the plasticity (bi= 1.4), the stability (S2= 0.06), the level and stability of the yield (PUSS=100 %).

ОЦЕНКА АДАПТАЦИОННЫХ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАСУШЛИВЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The Astrakhan region is the driest area in Europe, and drought here is the main limiting factor in cultivation of spring wheat. Drought has a negative effect in all growth stages of the crop, however, during critical periods (tillering, earing, flowering, ripening) this effect is especially detrimental. Therefore, studying the gene fund of grain crops and selection of plants with a wide range of reactions to changing conditions that can realize their potential is relevant. The purpose of the research was to study and isolate a highly productive collection material of spring wheat adapted to the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region for developing new varieties. The research was carried out on rainfed lands of Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of RAS in 2019-2021. Design of experiments, conducting observations and laboratory analyses were carried out according to B.A. Dospekhov and methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Crops. In the research, 39 cultivars of spring wheat of various ecological and geographical origin were studied. According to the results, the following cultivars with a high coefficient of adaptability were identified: Grechanka (Saratov region) - 1.64; Orenburgskaya yubileinaya (Orenburg region) - 1.34; Daria (Belarus) - 1.20; Chi 85-4268 (China) - 1.17; Orenburgskaya 30 (Orenburg region) - 1.16; Nil thatcher lr 45 (Canada) -1.32; Kelse (USA) - 1.22; Zlata (Moscow region) - 1.17. These samples can be in demand in modern production, as they are characterized by a high level of balanced adaptive properties and high yield formation in the arid climate of the Astrakhan region.

Оценка адаптивности сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы в лесостепных условиях Среднего Поволжья

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the adaptability parameters of zoned and promising varieties of spring soft wheat and to identify samples that combine high grain yield and adaptive properties for forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2017–2020 in the central zone of the Samara region. Methods. The object of research was 12 varieties of competitive testing related to different stages of breeding. Observations and records were carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops, assessment of the adaptability of varieties according to the methods of A. A. Goncharenko and L. A. Zhivotkov. Weather conditions in 2017–2020 were diverse and varied from the average annual values. Results. The average crop yield varied from 2.10 t/ha (2019) to 3.72 t/ha (2017), the coefficient of variation Cv = 23.8 %. Varieties with a high average grain yield (3.15–3.26 t/ha) and a smaller variation (19.9–22.5 %) were identified – Eritrospermum 6310/10-63, Lutestsens 6102/1-32, Eritrospermum 6517/24-1. The varieties Eritrospermum 6310/10-63 (–1.39), Eritrospermum 6381 (–1.50), and Kinel’skaya 59 (–1.50) had the greatest resistance to stress. Varieties Lutestsens 6045, Kinel’skaya yubileynaya, Lutestsens 6102/1-32 – differed in specific adaptation and formed the highest average grain yield (3.16–3.20 t/ha) under contrasting conditions. The average coefficient of adaptability of varieties ranged from 0.85 to 1.08. The majority of varieties (58.3 %) had a high coefficient of adaptability (greater than 1), the highest values (1.08) were the promising varieties Lutescens 6102/1-32 and Erythrospermum 6310/10-63. Scientific novelty. A new adaptive material of spring soft wheat has been isolated for use in breeding programs of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region.