Индексная оценка засухоустойчивости и адаптивности перспективных сортов диплоидной озимой ржи в контрастных условиях выращивания

Abstract

Abstract. Winter rye is grown in a variety of soil and climatic conditions, which indicates the evolutionary resistance to the action of abiotic stressors. Due to periodic spring-summer droughts in the conditions of the North-West region of the Russian Federation, the problem of drought tolerance in rye is of particular importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate 13 winter diploid rye collection varieties for drought tolerance and adaptability in the Northwestern region of the Russian Federation and to identify the most promising ones. Methods. Experiments were laid from 2018 to 2022 in a field plot located in the Northwestern region. To determine the drought tolerance of varieties we used indices: average productivity (AP), endurance index (TOL), yield stability index (YSI), drought tolerance index (DI), tolerance index (STI), geometric average productivity (GAP), drought tolerance index (DSI), agronomic drought tolerance (Adt), degree of yield reduction (X3). To calculate adaptability, the following indicators were used: d% - yield range in %, V% - coefficient of variation, Er – response effect, Ca – adaptability coefficient, Ci – intensity coefficient, d t/ha – yield range in t/ha. Results. The study years can be classified as drought years 2018, 2019, and 2022. The average yield in these years ranged from 3.6 t/ha for the variety Niva, to 4.99 t/ha for the variety Lota. Years 2020 and 2021 are favorable, with average yields ranging from 6.3 t/ha for the variety Niva, to 9.9 t/ha for the variety Ofeliya. The most drought-resistant varieties are Lota, Zubrovka, Talisman, Niva, Yaselʼda, the most adaptive are Zubrovka, Era, Ofeliya, Talisman, Yaselʼda. Of the listed methods of determining drought tolerance, we should pay attention to the Yield Stability Index (YSI) and Drought Tolerance Index (DI). To identify adaptability: the coefficient of adaptability (Ca) and the coefficient of intensity (Ci). Scientific novelty. Consists in a comparative assessment of yield drought tolerance and adaptability of winter rye varieties and identifying among them possessing a set of economically useful features and resistant to drought conditions of the North-West region.