AGROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION ALLIUM AMPELOPRASUM VAR. AMPELOPRASUM L.

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies of biological and morphological features of introduced forms of Elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L.) in comparison with garlic cultivars (Allium sativum L.) Sofiivskyi and Prometei. Research on collection samples began in 2016. Samples of Elephant garlic were obtained by expeditionary method (from Greece and Khmelnytsky region). Several plants with long dark green, broad and leathery leaves, pink inflorescences with microcloves (bulbils), large bulbs were selected and vegetatively (clonally) propagated to create a population of homogeneous plants. The study used field, laboratory, statistical, computational and analytical methods. The research was conducted in the training and production department of Uman National University of Horticulture during 2020-2021, using collection varieties of different ecological and geographical origin (Ukraine and Greece). Cultivars/varieties were evaluated according to the following parameters: plant height, leaf area, and indicators of individual productivity (bulb weight, number of teeth and bulbils, etc.), yield and nutritional value. It was found that varieties of Аllium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L. react more sharply to changes in growing conditions than cultivars of Allium sativum L. Winter hardiness of cultivars of Elephant garlic was in the range of 98,0–100%, but they had low adaptability, where the coefficient of adaptability (CA) was 0,45–0,49, and in winter garlic CA = 0,95–0,97. Plants of Аllium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L. do not form air bubbles, but on the bottom and under the covering scales of the bulb is formed from 3-5 to 10 pcs. bulbils. Varieties № 2 and № 3 have 7.1 and 5.1 large teeth in their structure, respectively. The weight of the bulb without removal of the flowering scape in the cultivar Sofiivskyi was less than the samples № 2 and № 3, respectively, by 28.4-53.3 g. With the removal of the flowering scape, the difference increased to 60.5-68.6 g. Yield of Аllium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L. without removal of the flowering scape № 2 was lower than the standard by 1.7 t/ha, at the same time the variety № 3 exceeded the standard by 1.1 t/ha. With the removal of the flowering scape, the yield of cultivars № 2 and № 3 exceeded the cultivar Sofiivskyi by 1.6 and 2.2 t/ha. As a result of research it was found that the introduced forms of Аllium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L. have high indicators of economic value, but they are limited in the first years of cultivation, the period of adaptation to new soil and climatic conditions, which creates some difficulties in their cultivation and reproduction.