Coding Of Information Research Articles

Consumer purchase intention towards a quick response (QR) code for antibiotic information: an exploratory study

Increasing awareness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has raised concerns surrounding antimicrobial use (AMU) in food-producing animals and has focused attention towards livestock production free from antibiotic use. As antibiotic-free livestock production proliferates in the UK, there is an increasing need to implement a system, such as the use of a QR code, to provide consumers with reliable antibiotic information while ensuring that animal welfare standards are upheld. Subsequently, this study aims to explore UK consumers’ perceptions and purchase intention towards QR code labelled pork, and to identify determinants of its purchase, incorporating various theoretical constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Based on results, consumers’ perceptions, perceived control, and attitudes towards QR code labelled pork are the main determinants of purchase intention. QR code labelled pork may offer a suitable alternative to antibiotic-free labelling as it provides consumers with antibiotic information without inadvertently communicating that conventionally produced pork is unsafe.

Evaluation of multiple perceptual qualities of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for evoked tactile sensation in forearm amputees

Objective. Evoked tactile sensation (ETS) elicited by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is promising to convey digit-specific sensory information to amputees naturally and non-invasively. Fitting ETS-based sensory feedback to amputees entails customizing coding of multiple sensory information for each stimulation site. This study was to elucidate the consistency of percepts and qualities by TENS at multiple stimulation sites in amputees retaining ETS. Approach. Five transradial amputees with ETS and fourteen able-bodied subjects participated in this study. Surface electrodes with small size (10 mm in diameter) were adopted to fit the restricted projected finger map on the forearm stump of amputees. Effects of stimulus frequency on sensory types were assessed, and the map of perceptual threshold for each sensation was characterized. Sensitivity for vibration and buzz sensations was measured using distinguishable difference in stimulus pulse width. Rapid assessments for modulation ranges of pulse width at fixed amplitude and frequency were developed for coding sensory information. Buzz sensation was demonstrated for location discrimination relating to prosthetic fingers. Main results. Vibration and buzz sensations were consistently evoked at 20 Hz and 50 Hz as dominant sensation types in all amputees and able-bodied subjects. Perceptual thresholds of different sensations followed a similar strength-duration curve relating stimulus amplitude to pulse width. The averaged distinguishable difference in pulse width was 12.84 ± 7.23 μs for vibration and 15.21 ± 6.47 μs for buzz in able-bodied subjects, and 14.91 ± 10.54 μs for vibration and 11.30 ± 3.42 μs for buzz in amputees. Buzz coding strategy enabled five amputees to discriminate contact of individual fingers with an overall accuracy of 77.85%. Significance. The consistency in perceptual qualities of dominant sensations can be exploited for coding multi-modality sensory feedback. A fast protocol of sensory coding is possible for fitting ETS-based, non-invasive sensory feedback to amputees.

LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SHS LEARNERS USING RADIO-BASED INSTRUCTION MODALITYIN THE DIVISION OF PROVINCE OF TARLAC

This research was to study the lived experiences of senior high school learners from the division of the province of Tarlac in using Radio-Based Instruction as a learning modality. It determined the lived experiences of the informants through a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The qualitative information gathered was then categorized through information coding. The research findings reveal that the students experienced learning difficulties such as technical, individual, institutional, and domestic difficulties in using the RBI as a learning modality. The techniques and other learning methods that the students used to overcome learning difficulties include the use of online alternatives, improvement of technical skills, learner motivation, interaction with co-learners and teachers, and change of learning environment. This study also showed the learning advantages the students experienced in using RBI namely comprehensibility and clarity of instruction, intrapersonal motivation, learner-to-teacher collaboration, convenience, and cost. Meanwhile, the students perceived limitations of RBI were found out to be academic skills, learner motivation, time and support for studies, cost and access, and technical problems. Finally, the study also revealed that the students perceived RBI to have positive effects on their academic performance, with all 15 participants agreeing that RBI positively impacted their academic performances.

Tellurium‐Based Artificial Neuron: Capturing Biological Complexity While Keeping It Simple

AbstractNeuronal oscillation is critically involved in almost every cognitive task, including information coding, memory formation, and perception. This phenomenon is rooted in the spiking activity of neuron that is mediated by two principal ion‐channel mechanisms, i.e., fast Na+ mediated depolarization and delayed K+ mediated repolarization. In neuromorphic circuits, however, subcellular level of biocomplexity has routinely been traded off for smaller hardware overhead. Even so, the simplest artificial oscillatory neuron by far is still made of no less than two devices, a volatile memristor and a parallelly (serially) connected capacitor (resistor) that typically occupies relatively large circuit area. Herein, a simplest imaginable implementation is reported of the neuronal oscillation function in a single threshold switching device based on tellurium (Te). Thanks to the unique electrochemical‐thermal properties combined in Te, this device can exhibit self‐sustained oscillatory behavior when stimulated by a steady DC voltage as a result of the repetitive electrochemical growth and the ensuing Joule heat‐induced thermal melting of the Te filament, which phenomenologically capture the Na+ and K+ ion‐channel functions, respectively. This work broadens the neuromorphic applications of Te resistive switching devices from synaptic array devices to artificial neurons.

Intrinsic bursts facilitate learning of L\xe9vy flight movements in recurrent neural network models

Isolated spikes and bursts of spikes are thought to provide the two major modes of information coding by neurons. Bursts are known to be crucial for fundamental processes between neuron pairs, such as neuronal communications and synaptic plasticity. Neuronal bursting also has implications in neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders. Despite these findings on the roles of bursts, whether and how bursts have an advantage over isolated spikes in the network-level computation remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate in a computational model that not isolated spikes, but intrinsic bursts can greatly facilitate learning of Lévy flight random walk trajectories by synchronizing burst onsets across a neural population. Lévy flight is a hallmark of optimal search strategies and appears in cognitive behaviors such as saccadic eye movements and memory retrieval. Our results suggest that bursting is crucial for sequence learning by recurrent neural networks when sequences comprise long-tailed distributed discrete jumps.

Rabies Anterograde Monosynaptic Tracing Allows Identification of Postsynaptic Circuits Receiving Distinct Somatosensory Input

Somatosensory neurons detect vital information about the environment and internal status of the body, such as temperature, touch, itch, and proprioception. The circuit mechanisms controlling the coding of somatosensory information and the generation of appropriate behavioral responses are not clear yet. In order to address this issue, it is important to define the precise connectivity patterns between primary sensory afferents dedicated to the detection of different stimuli and recipient neurons in the central nervous system. In this study we describe and validate a rabies tracing approach for mapping mouse spinal circuits receiving sensory input from distinct, genetically defined, modalities. We analyzed the anatomical organization of spinal circuits involved in coding of thermal and mechanical stimuli and showed that somatosensory information from distinct modalities is relayed to partially overlapping ensembles of interneurons displaying stereotyped laminar organization, thus highlighting the importance of positional features and population coding for the processing and integration of somatosensory information.

Editorial Commentary.

No AccessUrology PracticeHealth Policy1 May 2022Editorial CommentaryThis article comments on the following:Appropriateness Criteria for Ureteral Stent Omission following Ureteroscopy for Urinary Stone Disease Jonathan Rubenstein Jonathan RubensteinJonathan Rubenstein Chair, Coding and Reimbursement Committee, American Urological Association, Compliance Officer, Medical Director of Coding and Reimbursement, United Urology Group and Chesapeake Urology Associates, Towson, Maryland More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/UPJ.0000000000000302.01AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Commentary." Urology Practice, 9(3), p. 263 © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesUrology PracticeMar 3, 2022, 12:00:00 AMAppropriateness Criteria for Ureteral Stent Omission following Ureteroscopy for Urinary Stone Disease Volume 9Issue 3May 2022Page: 263-263 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jonathan Rubenstein Chair, Coding and Reimbursement Committee, American Urological Association, Compliance Officer, Medical Director of Coding and Reimbursement, United Urology Group and Chesapeake Urology Associates, Towson, Maryland More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Valley modulation and single-edge transport of magnons in breathing kagome ferromagnets

Owing to charge-free property, magnon is promising to achieve dissipationless transport without Joule heating. Valley degree of freedom has also been fully expressed in electronic structures, enabling information coding and manipulation via valley-based qubits. Considering the conceptual importance and application potential, it is highly desirable to couple valley to magnon excitation and realize their modulations. We demonstrate valley magnons and valley modulations in a kagome ferromagnetic lattice, with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and staggered exchange interactions. The staggered exchange interaction breaks spatial inversion symmetry, leading to magnon valley Hall effect. When the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is further included, the valley degeneracy is lifted, exhibiting net anomalous Hall effect and a series of topological phase transitions. Single-edge heat transport of magnons can occur, with propagating currents along the edge and local circulating currents. These findings give full play to spin and valley degrees of freedom and add another dimension to magnonic device paradigms.

Odin and Shadow Cretan matrices accompanying primes and their powers

Introduction: Cretan matrices – orthogonal matrices, consisting of the elements 1 and –b (real number), are an ideal object for the visual application of finite-dimensional mathematics. These matrices include, in particular, the Hadamard matrices and, with the expansion of the number of elements, the conference matrices. The most convenient research apparatus is to use field theory and multiplicative Galois groups, which is especially important for new types of Cretan matrices. Purpose: To study the symmetries of the Cretan matrices and to investigate two new types of matrices of odd and even orders, distinguished by symmetries, respectively, which differ significantly from the previously known Mersenne, Euler and Fermat matrices. Results: Formulas for levels are given and symmetries of new Cretan matrices: Odin bicycles (with a border) of orders 4t – 1 and 4t – 3 and shadow matrices of orders 4t – 2 and 4t – 4 are described. For odd character sizes equal to prime numbers and powers of primes, the existence of matrix symmetries of special types, doubly symmetric, consisting of skew-symmetric (with respect to the signs of elements) and symmetric cyclic blocks, is proved. It is shown that the previously distinguished Cretan matrices are their special case: Mersenne matrices of orders 4t – 1 and Euler matrices of orders 4t – 2 existing in the absence of symmetry for all selected orders without exception. Practical relevance: Оrthogonal sequences and methods of their effective finding by the theory of finite fields and groups are of direct practical importance for the problems of noise-immune coding, compression and masking of video information.

METHODICAL APPARATUS FOR ENSURING THE CORRECTION OF SINGLE ERRORS AND DETECTION OF DOUBLE ERRORS IN STORAGE DEVICES

The analysis of errors that occur during the operation of static storage devices (SD) is carried out. The conclusion is drawn that single and double errors are most likely to occur in memory devices (single errors appear with a probability of up to 80 %, double errors up to 20 – 25 %, and errors of other multiplicity account for up to 2 %). Methods for protecting storage devices from single and double errors are considered. It has been established that at present, for the correction of single errors and the detection of double errors, a modified Hamming code is widely used, which uses for this purpose an additional parity bit for all bits of the code set. The necessity of developing a code that corrects single errors and detects double errors while reducing information redundancy is substantiated. Regularities have been identified that make it possible to form rules for encoding information, and when decoding, to form three additional checks for an error sign to determine erroneous bits in the event of indistinguishable error syndromes. The corrective ability of the proposed method of information coding is investigated. It has been established that the proposed code allows correcting all single errors, detecting all double errors and, at the same time, correcting some of the double errors that simultaneously occur in information and check bits. A regular information coding procedure is described for correcting single and detecting double errors while reducing information redundancy by one check bit and, consequently, reducing hardware costs associated with storing the values of check bits in a memory device. A comparative evaluation of the detection ability and information redundancy of the proposed method with a modified Hamming code is carried out using the example of coding an 11-bit information word. It has been established that for the code (15,11), the implementation of the proposed method makes it possible to detect all single and double errors, correct 100 % of single errors and 27 % of double errors, and use four check digits for these purposes (one less check digit than modified Hamming code). The conclusion is made that the reduction of information redundancy makes it possible to increase the code speed and reduce hardware costs associated with storing the values of a given bit in a memory device and, therefore, increase the probability of failure-free operation and reliability of the memory device operation while reducing information and hardware redundancy.

Full color metasurface with high-transmission and omnidirectional characteristics

Nanostructured color filters particularly generated by surface plasmonic resonance of metal-dielectric nanostructures have been intensively studied in the past decades. However, the excitation of high-order scattering of surface plasmons and the intrinsic ohmic loss of metals hinder the generation of high efficiency and high color purity. In this study, we present a full color metasurface based on the concept of surface plasmons to produce the structural colors with high monochromaticity, low-loss, and wide gamut. Owing to the suppression of high-order scattering, the transmission spectra with narrow bandwidth and high efficiency could be formed to exhibit omnidirectional characteristic. Meanwhile, the dual- and multiple-resonance could be switched by changing the polarization angle of incident light. The proposed full color metasurface exhibits the enhancement of transmittance and increment of color monochromaticity. We expect that the proposed full color metasurface is promising for applications in real industries, such as information coding, optical data storage with high density, 2D/3D display, and so on.

Anatomy of a Cyberattack: Part 1: Managing an Anatomic Pathology Laboratory During 25 Days of Downtime.

Our institution was affected by a multi-institution, systemwide cyberattack that led to a complete shutdown of major patient care, operational, and communication systems. The attack affected our electronic health record (EHR) system, including all department-specific modules, the laboratory information system (LIS), pharmacy, scheduling, billing and coding, imaging software, internet access, and payroll. Downtime for the EHR lasted 25 days, while other systems were nonfunctional for more than 40 days, causing disruptions to patient care and significantly affecting our laboratories. As more institutions transition to network EHR systems, laboratories are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattack. This article focuses on the approaches we developed in the anatomic pathology (AP) laboratory to continue operations, consequences of the prolonged downtime, and strategies for the future. Our AP laboratory developed manual processes for surgical and cytopathology processing, redeployed staff, and used resources within the department and of nearby facilities to regain and maintain operations. During the downtime, our AP laboratory processed 1,362 surgical pathology and consult cases as well as 299 cytology specimens and outsourced 1,308 surgical pathology and 1,250 cytology cases. Our laboratory successfully transitioned to downtime processes during a 25-day complete network outage. The crisis allowed for innovative approaches in managing resources.

Anatomy of a Cyberattack: Part 2: Managing a Clinical Pathology Laboratory During 25 Days of Downtime.

Our academic health care institution was the victim of a cyberattack that led to a complete shutdown of major patient care, operational, and communication systems, including our electronic health record (EHR), laboratory information system, pharmacy, scheduling, billing and coding, imaging software, internet, hospital shared computer drives, payroll, and digital communications. The EHR remained down for 25 days, significantly affecting our clinical pathology (CP) laboratory operations. During the downtime, our CP laboratory incorporated manual interventions for patient specimen testing, recruited additional staff for reporting results, and employed multiple communication modalities to support patient care. The crisis required a swift response, employing innovative approaches to mitigate patient harm; regular, multidisciplinary engagement; and consistent, broad-reaching communications. CP leadership worked with hospital administration, staff, and our referral clients to provide the timely laboratory results needed for acute patient care. During this downtime, the laboratory lacked accurate information about the number of patient samples diverted to other laboratories, the number of specimens processed, and the number of test results reported. This paper focuses on the approaches the CP division took to develop and maintain downtime operations. Laboratories should consider these strategies in preparation for a prolonged downtime.

An Improved Hybrid Fuzzy-PID Tunning With Particle Sawrm Optimization For Enhancing Induction Motor Performance

The fuzzy logic controllers are estimated as an appropriate controller because it is minimally complex method and did not involve any of the mathematical models. The major concern of this study is to control the fluctuations in speed of the induction motor through improving the conventional mechanism by utilizing the ANFIS paradigm as controller. Therefore a new mechanism is to be projected that will execute ANFIS. Because of the merits like Adaptive learning, Self-Organization, Real Time Operation, Fault Tolerance through Redundant Information Coding etc. The ANFIS algorithm is utilized as a speed control in the proposed work. It is expected that the hybridization of ANFIS and PID controller can be useful in order to achieve the stability. An optimization technique is also utilized in this study. The values of PID controller can be adjusted by an optimization technique that can be a PSO (Partial Swarm optimization) technique which is required to optimize the values of PID controller in order to choose the best values of P, I and D. In this way, the best output results of the proposed work can be attained.

Properties of Noncommutative Rényi and Augustin Information

R\'enyi and Augustin information are generalizations of mutual information defined via the R\'enyi divergence, playing a significant role in evaluating the performance of information processing tasks by virtue of its connection to the error exponent analysis. In quantum information theory, there are three generalizations of the classical R\'enyi divergence -- the Petz's, sandwiched, and log-Euclidean versions, that possess meaningful operational interpretation. However, the associated quantum R\'enyi and Augustin information are much less explored compared with their classical counterpart, and lacking crucial properties hinders applications of these quantities to error exponent analysis in the quantum regime. The goal of this paper is to analyze fundamental properties of the R\'enyi and Augustin information from a noncommutative measure-theoretic perspective. Firstly, we prove the uniform equicontinuity for all three quantum versions of R\'enyi and Augustin information, and it hence yields the joint continuity of these quantities in order and prior input distributions. Secondly, we establish the concavity of the scaled R\'enyi and Augustin information in the region of $s\in(-1,0)$ for both Petz's and the sandwiched versions. This completes the open questions raised by Holevo [IEEE Trans.~Inf.~Theory, 46(6):2256--2261, 2000], and Mosonyi and Ogawa [Commun.~Math.~Phys., 355(1):373--426, 2017]. For the applications, we show that the strong converse exponent in classical-quantum channel coding satisfies a minimax identity, which means that the strong converse exponent can be attained by the best constant composition code. The established concavity is further employed to prove an entropic duality between classical data compression with quantum side information and classical-quantum channel coding, and a Fenchel duality in joint source-channel coding with quantum side information.

Peptide-Based Sensing, Logic Computing, and Information Security on the Antimonene Platform.

Peptides have higher information density than DNA and equivalent molecular recognition ability and durability. However, there are currently no reports on the comprehensive use of peptides' recognition ability and structural diversity for sensing, logic computing, information coding, and protection. Herein, we, for the first time, demonstrate peptide-based sensing, logic computing, and information security on the antimonene platform. The molecular recognition capability and structural diversity (amino acid sequence) of peptides (Pb2+-binding peptide DHHTQQHD as a model) adsorbed on the antimonene universal fluorescence quenching platform were comprehensively utilized to sense targets (Pb2+) and give a response (fluorescence turn-on) and then to encode, encrypt, and hide information. Fluorescently labeled peptides used as the recognition probe and the information carrier were quenched and hidden by the large-plane two-dimensional material antimonene and specifically bound by Pb2+ as the stego key, resulting in fluorescence recovery. The above interaction and signal change can be considered as a peptide-based sensing and steganographic process to further implement quantitative detection of Pb2+, complex logic operation, information coding, encrypting, and hiding using a peptide sequence and the binary conversion of its selectivity. This research provides a basic paradigm for the construction of a molecular sensing and informatization platform and will inspire the development of biopolymer-based molecular information technology (processing, communication, control, security).

Programmable photo-responsive self-healing hydrogels for optical information coding and encryption

In this study, we proposed programmable photo-responsive self-healing hydrogels containing polyacrylamide (PAM), polyacrylic acid (PAA), poly[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA), ammonium molybdate (Mo7), and 7–2(acryloyl hydroxypropyl)-4-methyl-coumarin (AHPMC). Because of the electrostatic interaction of PAA and PDMAEMA, the hydrogel demonstrates good self-healing properties. Moreover, we introduced Mo7 and coumarin derivative in the hydrogel, respectively, which endows the hydrogel photo-responsive properties. Under the control of UV light, PAM-AD/Mo7 hydrogel with photochromic behavior could turn atrovirens, and PAM-AD/AC hydrogel with photoluminescent properties could emit blue fluorescence. In contrast, PAM-AD hydrogel possesses no photo-responsive behavior. Based on the self-healing and photo-responsive properties of the hydrogels, the three hydrogel blocks could be programmed and healed as a whole combination. In addition, we demonstrated the application of the hydrogel in optical information coding and encryption, which possesses good information coding and encryption effect. Therefore, the photo-responsive self-healing hydrogel may have potential applications in flexible information display and encryption fields.

MEDIA ART AS A DIRECTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTISTIC DESIGN OF THE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT

The article examines media artworks, which are created using artificial intelligence technologies and computers in unusual digital forms, as an intermediary between the viewer and spatial art and allow rethinking the theoretical achievements of artistic design. The purpose of the article is to systematize information about the patterns of development of media art, the definition of forms of media art, its principles and methods in the study of media art as one of the directions of development of artistic design of the architectural environment. Materials and methods. Literary and information sources, comparative analysis, structural and logical modeling, systematization of research results, methods of experimental design. The article analyzes modern forms of media art: installations, cinema, video, animation, internet art, web art, software as art; virtual reality, musical environment. Five principles of media art have been established - these are the principles of interactivity, intellectual play, random access, coding of visual information and collaboration. Digital ways of creating a visual image of a work are considered. Their harmonious combination helps to develop a dynamic emotional architectural environment in accordance with the request of the audience. A comparative analysis of the principles and methods of media art and artistic design of the architectural environment revealed their significant relationship, and the same processes and phenomena are interpreted from different positions, as a result of which they acquire a new meaning and significant differences. This allows us to consider media art as one of the most promising ways for the development of artistic design.

A Phenomenological Model Reproducing Temporal Response Characteristics of an Electrically Stimulated Auditory Nerve Fiber.

The ability of cochlear implants (CIs) to restore hearing to profoundly deaf people is based on direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve fibers (ANFs). Still, CI users do not achieve as good hearing outcomes as their normal-hearing peers. The development and optimization of CI stimulation strategies to reduce that gap could benefit from computational models that can predict responses evoked by different stimulation patterns, particularly temporal responses for coding of temporal fine structure information. To that end, we present the sequential biphasic leaky integrate-and-fire (S-BLIF) model for the ANF response to various pulse shapes and temporal sequences. The phenomenological S-BLIF model is adapted from the earlier BLIF model that can reproduce neurophysiological single-fiber cat ANF data from single-pulse stimulations. It was extended with elements that simulate refractoriness, facilitation, accommodation and long-term adaptation by affecting the threshold value of the model momentarily after supra- and subthreshold stimulation. Evaluation of the model demonstrated that it can reproduce neurophysiological data from single neuron recordings involving temporal phenomena related to inter-pulse interactions. Specifically, data for refractoriness, facilitation, accommodation and spike-rate adaptation can be reproduced. In addition, the model can account for effects of pulse rate on the synchrony between the pulsatile input and the spike-train output. Consequently, the model offers a versatile tool for testing new coding strategies for, e.g., temporal fine structure using pseudo-monophasic pulses, and for estimating the status of the electrode-neuron interface in the CI user's cochlea.

Organizing and Disorganizing Resonances of Microtubules, Stem Cells, and Proteins Calculated by a Quantum Equation of Coherence

Conformational states of microtubules and proteins have typical spatial-spectral arrangements of atoms, called spatial coherence, that are characteristic for building, homeostasis, decay, and apoptosis. Microtubules show a principle of a self-organizing-synergetic structure called a Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein state. The spatial coherence of this state can be described by a toroidal quantum equation of coherence. In this space, microtubules and proteins have typical discrete frequency patterns. These frequencies comply with two proposed quantum wave equations of respective coherence (regulation) and decoherence (deregulation), that describe quantum entangled and disentangled states. The proposed equation of coherence shows the following typical scale invariant distribution of energy: En = ħωref 2q3m. The proposed model supports quantum entanglement and is in line with the earlier published models of Fröhlich, Davydov, and Chern. A meta-analysis shows a semi-harmonic scale-invariant pattern for microtubules, stem cells, proteins, and EEG- and MEG-patterns. A fit has been found for about 50 different organizing frequencies and 5 disorganizing frequencies of measured microtubule frequencies that fit with the calculated values of the proposed quantum equations, which are positioned in a nested toroidal geometry. All measured and analysed frequencies of microtubules comply with the same energy distribution found for Bose-Einstein condensates. The overall results show a presence of an informational quantum code, a direct relation with the eigenfrequencies of microtubules, stem cells, DNA, and proteins, that supplies information to realize biological order in life cells and substantiates a collective Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein type of behaviour and further support the models of Tuszynski, Hameroff, Bandyopadhyay, Del Giudice and Vitiello, Katona, Pettini, and Pokorny.