Dactylis Research Articles

Yield, persistence, forage nutritive value, and preference of perennial ryegrass under grazing

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (PR) is a quality and high yielding forage that tends to lack winter hardiness to persist in the upper Midwest. The objective was to evaluate yield, stand persistence, forage nutritive value, and preference of experimental populations of winter hardy PR grown in monoculture and in mixture with white clover under livestock grazing. Research was conducted in St. Paul and Grand Rapids, MN. Meadow fescue (MF), tall fescue (TF), orchardgrass (OG), a reference PR, and two experimental populations of PR were grazed every 32 days by either horses (St. Paul) or cow‐calf pairs (Grand Rapids). Prior to grazing, forage yield and quality samples were collected, and post‐grazing, fields were visually assessed for the percentage of forage removal to determine preference. Yields of all PR (6.9 to 7.6 Mg ha−1) were similar, but lower compared to other cool‐season grasses (CSG). Persistence was similar among all CSG in St. Paul; however, it was lower for all PR in Grand Rapids compared to other CSG. All PR were highly preferred by both horses (≥74% removal) and cattle (≥70% removal) and were consistently among the highest for crude protein (CP; 200 g kg−1), equine digestible energy (DE; 2.35 Mcal kg−1) and bovine metabolizable energy (ME; 2.6 Mcal kg−1), moderate for nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC; 136 g kg−1), and among the lowest for neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 518 g kg−1). Experimental populations of PR produced forage of high nutritive value, but yield and stand persistence may be less compared to other CSG at some locations.

Comparison of Orchard-grass and Sweet Maize for Doubled Haploid Plant Production via Wide Hybridization in Bread Wheat

In this study, the potential of haploid regeneration was investigated in hybridization of six bread wheat F1 hybrids known response to another culture with orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and sweet maize varieties (Baron, Challenger and Merit). A total of 150 wheat spikes were pollinated with orchard grass and sweet maize and 2730 pseudo-seeds were produced. Although the high rate of developed pseudo-seeds was developed from bread wheat F1 hybrids × orchard-grass, no embryos were produced. Developed pseudo-seeds (2057 number) of bread wheat × sweet maize produced 53 haploid embryos and only 8 of them were regenerated. Developed green plantlets were vernalized and applied colchicine and only four of them produced fertile seeds. The highest rate (5.9) of haploid embryo formation within wheat genotypes was determined in DH20 × Kate A-1. Although the highest haploid embryo formation was observed in Challenger with 3.5% among sweet maize genotypes, it had no effect on plant regeneration. Also, the mixture of pollen of sweet maize varieties increased haploid plant regeneration. It has been observed that some F1 hybrids such as DH20 × Kate A-1 and DH6 × Altay 2000 with low anther response gave better results in terms of haploid embryo formation and regeneration. The means of fertile spike percentages and number of seeds per fertile spike were 26.75% and 9.83, respectively in developed green plants. As a result, bread wheat × sweet maize hybridization will be a good alternative to obtain a homozygous line in a short time in bread wheat genotypes with low anther response.

Comparison of cool and warm season perennial grasses for biomass yield, quality, and energy balance in two contrasting semiarid environments

Perennial grasses are valuable biomass feedstocks due to their potentially high biomass yield and environmental benefits. This study aimed to compare 7 cool season: tall wheatgrass, bulbous canary grass, reed canary grass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, orchard grass, and smooth brome grass and 3 warm season perennial grasses: miscanthus, switchgrass, and giant reed for biomass yield, quality, and energy balance at 2 harvesting periods (autumn and winter to early spring) over 3 growing seasons in cold (Cankiri, Turkey) and warm (Adana, Turkey) semiarid environments. Harvests in winter and spring both led to considerable yield losses with all of the grass species in both locations, while it promoted biomass quality by reducing the moisture and ash contents of the warm season grasses in both locations, and the cool season grasses only in Cankiri. In contrast, autumn harvest provided significantly lower moisture and ash contents in the cool season grasses grown in Adana over the 3 years, where it was observed that, on average, giant reed exhibited the highest biomass productivity in both locations. Furthermore, bulbous canary grass and tall wheatgrass were found to be the most productive species in the study among the cool season grasses. Additionally, bulbous canary grass in Adana and tall wheatgrass in Cankiri achieved considerably higher energy ratios than the warm season grasses, mainly as a result of a lack of energy input for irrigation. In this sense, these 2 cool season grasses may be considered as alternative bioenergy crops in semiarid environments for sustainable biomass production.

Low-dose capsaicin (0.01 mM) nasal spray is equally effective as the current standard treatment for idiopathic rhinitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Low-dose capsaicin (0.01 mM) nasal spray is equally effective as the current standard treatment for idiopathic rhinitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Exposure of heavy metals in coal gangue soil, in and outside the mining area using BCR conventional and vortex assisted and single step extraction methods. Impact on orchard grass

It was investigated that toxic metals (cadmium and lead) enhanced in coal gangue soil used for the reclamation of soil, creates adverse impacts on atmosphere. Presently the chemical fractionation of toxic metals in coal, inner and outer coal gangue soil samples of Lakhra coalfield were studied along with the impact on the orchard grass grown on coal gangue soil in a subside land of the coal mining area. The BCR sequential extraction scheme (BCR-SES) was carried out to determine the different chemical profiles of heavy metals in coal and coal gangue soil samples. For comparative purpose time saving conventional single step extraction (CSE) and vortex assisted single step extraction (VSE) schemes based on same working setting used BCR extraction scheme. The all three procedures were validated by a certified soil sample (BCR 483) and standard addition method in real samples. The total Cd and Pb in coal, soil and grass samples were determined prior to oxidize by acid mixture. The separation of each fraction of Cd, and Pb in all types of environmental samples by VSE could be completed in 30-120s. The extracted Cd and Pb concentrations in reducible fractions by CSE and VSE extraction procedure were 2.5-5% higher than those values gained through BCR-SES. About 71 and 50% of Cd and Pb in coal samples were observed in acid soluble, reducible and oxidizable fraction, respectively, whilst rest of Cd and Pb (29 and 50%) were found in residual phase. The orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) grown on land reclaimed with OSG was analysed, the bioaccumulate Cd and Pb may create adverse impacts on grazing cattle.

Influence of rootstock genotype on efficacy of anaerobic soil disinfestation for control of apple nursery replant disease

Apple replant disease (ARD) in production nurseries can negatively impact commercial viability by diminishing tree quality and potentially serving as a source of pathogen inoculum. The current study was carried out to determine the potential for plant genotype to influence anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) disease control efficacy. M.9, G.41, and G.935 apple rootstock genotypes were employed. ASD was conducted using orchard grass as the carbon input (10 t ha−1 or 20 t ha −1). Rootstock growth in ASD-treated soils was comparable to that attained in response to soil pasteurization or fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene/chloropicrin (FUM) in both greenhouse (GT) and nursery field trials (NFT). In GT, Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 root infection and growth performance varied with rootstock genotype and soil treatment. ASD reduced pathogen DNA quantity in roots and improved rootstock growth. Genotype, but not soil treatment, influenced root infestation by Pythium ultimum and R. solani in the NFT. ASD with grass input at 20 t ha −1 improved soil nutrient levels, especially NO3− N, and provided significant weed control in the NFT. Treatments significantly altered composition of the bulk soil and rhizosphere microbiome in GT and these effects were prolonged in ASD-treated soils. In NFT, ASD conducted with orchard grass was uniformly as effective as FUM in the control of ARD and increase in trunk diameter increment, the primary determinant of apple rootstock value. This ASD treatment can be suggested as a potential method for effective control of nursery replant disease across rootstock genotypes varying in disease tolerance.

Forage yield of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) under different fertility levels on a karewa upland of Kashmir Himalaya

The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, with less than 4 % of its cultivable area under fodder crops, produces green fodder that is 30-40 % deficient than the demand. This shortage of fodder is the major cause of low productivity of the livestock in the hilly areas. Oat and berseem are the major fodder crops that are grown on about 25,000 hectares of land. Orchard grass or cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) is one of the important temperate perennial grasses with high productivity, forage quality, cold, drought and shade tolerance. Scanty information is available regarding the effect of nutrient management on forage productivity of orchard grass. Therefore, different fertility levels were evaluated to see the effect on different growth parameters and yield of Dactylis glomerata L. The study consisted of eight treatments: T1= NPK @ 100, 60, 40 kg/ha, T2= NPK @ 80, 45, 30 kg/ha, T3= NPK @ 60, 30, 20 kg/ha, T4= NPK @ 75 % 0f T1+ 25 % organic, T5= NPK @ 75 % of T2+ 25 % organic, T6= NPK @ 75 % of T3+ 25 % organic, T7= FYM @ 20 t/ha and T8= control (No fertilizer). Highest plant height (119.67 cm), number of tillers (484.33/m row), leaf-stem ratio (0.81), green fodder yield (21.43 t/ha) and dry fodder yield (7.97 t/ha) were recorded in the treatment T1 (NPK @ 100, 60, 40 kg/ha) followed by T2 and T4. Higher plant height, tiller number, leaf-stem ratio and consequently green and fodder yield in T1, T2 and T4 may be attributed to positive effect of fertilization particularly nitrogen and higher responsiveness of orchard grass to fertilization.

Connecting soil dissolved organic matter to soil bacterial community structure in a long-term grass-mulching apple orchard

This study aims to clarify the relationship between soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) components and bacterial communities in long-term grass mulching management apple orchards (Malus domestica). The key role of the transformation of DOM components and soil nutrient cycling in improving orchard grass mulching management strategies was assessed. Four treatments, including legumes, such as white clover (WC) and crown vetch (CV); Gramineae orchardgrass (OG); and conventional tillage (CT) as the control, were employed to explore DOM components, the bacterial community structure and their relationship. In all the management systems, the DOM identified included two humic-like components and one protein component. The protein component was dominant in leguminous mulching (43.04–77.13 %), whereas the humic-like component was dominant in graminaceous mulching (42.17–72.11 %). Component 2 accounted for less than 1% in CT, CV and WC. The three types of grass mulching increased the proportion of copiotrophic bacteria and reduced that of oligotrophic bacteria, especially Proteobacteria (34.27–28.83%) and Acidobacteria (20.96–28.42%) at the phylum level. Legumes were beneficial for DOM transformation, and Gramineae species improved soil nutrition and bacterial communities. In conclusion, mulching of different grasses in orchards significantly changes the soil DOM components and bacterial community structure through different types of organic inputs, and the connection of these communities is closely coordinated with significant effects on soil nutrient cycling and orchard grass mulching strategies.

Response of grass interplanting on bacterial and fungal communities in a jujube orchard in Ningxia, northwest China

Orchard grass is an important soil management method that improves pest resistance in fruit trees and it reduces the usage of chemical fertilizer to protect the environment. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungi communities in the rhizosphere of Ziziphus jujuba Mill cv. ‘lingwuchangzao’ by high-throughput sequencing to test the effects of different sward types. The soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total nitrogen contents were higher with cleared tillage compared with the other planting grass treatments. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the dominant fungal groups. Most of the soil nutrient levels were lower in the treatments with grass (except for planting with ryegrass and pea grass) than cleared tillage, but there were no significant differences in the bacterial and fungi diversity. pH and total phosphorus were the main contributors to variations in the bacterial communities. The variations in the fungal communities were mainly attributed to the soil nutrient levels. The changes in the titratable acids and vitamin C contents were clearly correlated with the dynamics of the bacterial and fungi communities. Network analysis showed that 60% of the bacteria had close connections with fungi, including the dominant bacteria comprising Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Our findings demonstrated that different types of grass treatments affected the abundances of microbes rather than their composition.

Effects of organic amendments on the natural attenuation of radiocesium transferability in grassland soils with high potassium fertility

Organic amendments affect the behavior of radiocesium in soil-plant systems in a complex way; they can inhibit radiocesium fixation by clay minerals by blocking selective sorption sites, whereas K supplied to the soil solution by amendments can reduce Cs uptake by plant roots. Here, we investigated the influence of inorganic and organic amendments on the transferability of radiocesium from soil to grass seedling in a humus-rich Andosol with high exchangeable K content. Soil samples were spiked with a137Cs tracer, treated with N, N–P–K, compost (cattle manure using rice straw), or no amendment (control soil), and subjected to repeated two-week wetting and air-drying treatments for one year in an artificial climate chamber. Small-scale cultivations of orchard grass were performed four times during the experimental period to assess temporal changes of availability of 137Cs in the soils. The 137Cs transfer factor (TF), defined as the 137Cs concentration in the plant divided by that in the soil, decreased with time in the control soil. The soil treated with compost showed higher TFs than the control soil in each cultivation and a slower attenuation of 137Cs transferability. By comparing the extractability of 137Cs, NH4+, and K+ with the observed TFs, we show that K released from the compost was not effective in reducing root uptake of 137Cs, but enhanced 137Cs desorption from the soil under K-rich conditions. This result suggests that organic amendment is ineffective in reducing root uptake of radiocesium under high exchangeable K concentrations, and may instead enhance the long-term availability of radiocesium in soils.

The effect of different copper doses and organic fertilisation on soil's enzymatic activity

A three-year pot experiment carried out in the vegetation hall in 2014–2016 included studying the enzymatic activity of soil, into which various amounts of copper: (100, 200 and 300 mg Cu/kg soil) and organic materials (cattle manure, chicken manure, post-mushroom substrate) were introduced, used separately, at a soil-introduction dose of 2 g C<sub>org</sub>/kg. Copper and organic materials were used once, only in the first year of the study, before sowing test plant orchard grass. In soil collected after the last (fourth) swath of grass in each year of the study, the activity of urease, dehydrogenases, acid, and alkaline phosphatase was determined. Applications of copper to the soil, regardless of its dose, resulted in a decrease in urease, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase and an increase in acid phosphatase activity. The inactivating effect of this metal on the activity of urease, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase increased with the increase of its dose. Organic fertilisation generally increased the enzymatic activity of the analysed soil. In subsequent years of the study, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased, while acid phosphatase activity increased. Dehydrogenase activity did not change significantly in subsequent years of the study.

The effect of digestate and mineral fertilisation of cocksfoot grass on greenhouse gas emissions in a cocksfoot-based biogas production system

BackgroundClimate mitigation is a major consideration when choosing bioenergy systems. Anaerobic digestion of biomass is a bioenergy system, which is normally used for the treatment of manure or other residues, but cultivated energy crops may also provide a potential feedstock. One of the main crops for biogas production is still maize, but it may be desirable to replace it by perennial grasses, which also have high yields, but do not require as much management. The aim of this study was to analyse greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a biogas production system based on a perennial grass, cocksfoot, grown under different fertiliser application systems.MethodsField and laboratory experiments were carried out over a 7-year period to evaluate the influence of mineral nitrogen and digestate fertiliser application on cocksfoot biomass and biogas productivity. The obtained data were used to calculate GHG emissions and emission savings for the whole biogas production cycle, by use of the SimaPro v.8 software with the IMPACT 2002+ model, based on the climate change environmental impact category.ResultsProductivity of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) was influenced by the annual rate of nitrogen applied as fertiliser, the fertiliser type and year, as influenced by the weather conditions. The biomass yield of cocksfoot fertilised with 180 kg nitrogen ha−1 year−1 was similar regardless if the nitrogen was applied as digestate or mineral fertiliser. At higher rates of nitrogen application (360–450 kg ha−1 year−1), higher yields and lower net GHG emissions could be obtained from the biogas production cycle when the nitrogen was applied as digestate compared to mineral fertiliser, especially in dry years. Energy input over the whole cycle was mainly influenced by the type of fertiliser and the biomass yield. Mineral fertiliser generally caused higher levels of GHG emissions than organic digestate fertiliser, when the same amount of energy is produced.ConclusionsThe cocksfoot grass-based biogas production system showed that a significant GHG emission saving potential exists, if nitrogen is added as digestate instead of mineral fertiliser, for similar yields of biomass and energy from biogas. Cocksfoot grass fertilised with digestate is thus a promising feedstock for biogas production.

Identification of Nonhost Cover Crops of the Three-Cornered Alfalfa Hopper (Spissistilus festinus)

The three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) was identified as a vector of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) in a greenhouse study. GRBV impacts berry maturation, resulting in reduced accumulation of total soluble solids, increased titratable acidity, and altered levels of secondary metabolites that affect color, flavor, and aroma of finished wine made from infected grapes. S. festinus feeds and reproduces on a variety of plant species found in and around vineyards, including certain cover crops and weeds. The suitability of 15 commonly planted cover crops for S. festinus adult feeding and oviposition was determined. In no-choice tests, purple vetch, berseem clover, annual ryegrass, buckwheat, Trios triticale, and Zorro fescue supported survival of adult S. festinus, oviposition, and emergence of nymphs. In contrast, orchard grass, creeping red fescue, fawn tall fescue, hard fescue, and California poppy did not support survival of adult S. festinus, nor were nymphs observed. Relative preference for hosts that supported nymph emergence was determined in choice tests. The legume species (purple vetch and berseem clover) exhibited higher nymph emergence than the nonlegume cover crops (Zorro fescue, Trios triticale, buckwheat, and annual ryegrass). Cultivating cover crops that do not support S. festinus survival or oviposition may aid in reducing the risk of S. festinus moving into and establishing in vineyards.

The diversity of microbial community and function varied in response to different agricultural residues composting.

Microbial activities are the dynamic core in the soil nutrient cycle. To improve the knowledges about the responses of soil microbial community structure and potential function to long-term cover crops practice. The co-occurrence patterns of soil microbial community structure and functional genes were evaluated using 16SrRNA, ITS and metagenomic technique in 13years cover crops of orchard grass (OG, Dactylis glomerata L.) with high C/N and white clover (WC, Trifolium repens L.) with low C/N. Conventional tillage (CT) was control. The experiment was implemented in an apple orchard located on the Loess Plateau, China, from 2006 to 2018. We also measured soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities related to carbon and nitrogen cycling. The conclusions showed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteria 27.68% in OG treatment and Proteobacteria 25.89% in WC treatment. Organic matter inputs stimulated growth of the phyla of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Ascomycota and genera of Bacillus, Blastococcus, Streptomyces and Penicillium. Interestingly, the OG and WC treatments promoted the fungal and bacterial alpha-diversity compared to CT treatment, respectively. In addition, compared to CT treatment, OG treatment was beneficial to the increase of C-cycle enzyme activity, while WC treatment tended to increase the N-cycle enzyme activity. Notably, compared to CT treatment, they both enriched carbon fixation and cycle pathways genes, while WC treatment increased the nitrogen metabolism pathway genes. Moreover, OG treatment was more conducive to the enrichment of carbohydrate enzymes genes involved in the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose compared to WC treatment. Overall, different quality of plant residues stimulated the specific expressions of soil microbial community structure and function. Long-term planted white clover was effective strategy to improve soil quality.

ОЦЕНКА ТРАВОСМЕСЕЙ ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВЫХ ГАЗОННЫХ ФИТОЦЕНОЗОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ КИРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

In this article are presented the results of a field experiment to study grass mixtures based on typical lawn grasses with complementary components. All varieties studied in the experiment are from domestic selection. The experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Vyatka State Agricultural Academy in Kirov. Weather conditions during the years of this experiment were adverse for perennial grasses. Over the seven years of using of the lawns based on red fescue 'Sigma' and meadow grass 'Dar' with the addition of the perennial ryegrass 'Karat', meadow fescue 'Kvarta' and timothy grass 'VIK 85' were completely transformed into the single-species red fescue herbages (excellent quality) and meadow grass herbages (good quality). In the herbages with the addition of the orchard grass 'Hlynovskaya' share in the seventh year of life was 24–48%. To create high-quality long-term lawns in the conditions of the Kirov region can be recommended grass mixtures based on red fescue 'Sigma' with the addition of the perennial ryegrass, meadow fescue and timothy grass. The quality of meadow grass herbages is lower than that of red fescue, however, from grass mixtures based on meadow grass with the addition of the same complementary components, it is possible to create good quality lawns. The inclusion of the orchard grass in lawn grass mixtures is not recommended, due to the reduction of the quality of lawn herbages.

PSIX-42 Comparasion of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) digestion kinetics with alfafa (Medicago sativa) and orchard (Dactylis glomerata) hays

Abstract Opuntia ficus-indica is highly regarded as an emergency feed for livestock during drought and as a mainstay for the wildlife population in temperate semi-arid and arid parts of the United States. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of replacing alfalfa and orchard grass with different levels of prickly pear on digestion and fermentation patterns. Three forages were evaluated: alfalfa, orchard grass and prickly pear. In order to determine kinetics of digestion, gas volumes were measured after incubation periods of 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Samples were run in triplicate with 2 blanks for a total of three periods. Data on gas production were fitted to the equation by Ørskov and McDonald (1979) using SAS software 9.4 (P ≤ 0.05; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) program. The gas volume observed from the soluble fraction ‘a’ and ‘b’ were similar (P > 0.05) for prickly pear amongst all treatments; no difference was observed between alfalfa and cactus. The rate of gas production ‘c’ was higher in cactus (16.5%, h-1) than alfalfa and orchard grass (11.5%, h-1 and 7.7%, h-1, respectively). The extent ‘a +b’ of gas volumes revealed no difference among the test forages. Prickly pear showed a faster rate of degradation compared to alfalfa and orchard grass. A rapid rate of digestion means a faster passage of the material through the digestive tract. Thus, the higher values obtained for the ‘c’ and similar ‘a + b’ parameters in prickly pear compared to alfalfa or orchard grass, may signal it as a good potential alternative feed in arid and semi-arid areas.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN SAMPLES OF COCKSFOOT GRASS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

The cocksfoot grass is a valuable early ripe forage crop with good yield and excellent feed quality. It is used to create hayfields and pastures and is a component of grasslands of meadows of almost all regions of the Komi Republic. However, the expansion of varieties adapted to the soil and climate of the North needs this valuable crop. For this purpose from 2015 to 2018 there was the research of the varieties and wild populations of the cocksfoot grass of the world collection for further use in the creation of new adaptive varieties. The experiment took place in 2015 at the experimental field of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Komi Scientific Center, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar). The soil of the plot is sod-podzol, medium loamy in granulometric composition. The collection of nursery-garden included 10 samples of the cocksfoot grass of various ecological and geographical origin. As a standard, the Neva variety was taken. The experiments were carried out using seedlings according to the scheme 80x50 cm, the plot area was 10 m2, four repetition. Varietal samples were evaluated by winter hardness, indicators of productivity of green mass and seeds. Meteorological conditions during the years of research allowed us to evaluate the winter hardness of the cocksfoot grass samples. As a result of evaluating 10 samples, wild-growing samples from the Komi Republic (42733, 43024, 45945) and Norway (41826) were distinguished for a number of economically valuable traits, characterized by high winter hardness, even germination and green mass productivity on average for 3 years - 21.523.7 t/ha, dry weight - 4.7-5.1 t/ha and seeds - 354-576 kg / ha. These samples provide valuable starting material for further breeding work.

Прояв стабільності та пластичності сортозразків грястиці збірної (Dactylis glomerata L.) в умовах Передкарпаття

Прояв стабільності та пластичності сортозразків грястиці збірної (Dactylis glomerata L.) в умовах Передкарпаття

53 Comparison of digestibility of forages in Jersey steers supplemented with a yeast fermentation product on a high and low quality forage diet

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect on digestibility of forages using a daisy jar system with inoculum from steers supplemented with the yeast fermentation product Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Forages tested included ryegrass, wheat, orchard grass, alfalfa, and sorghum sudan hays. Samples were ground through a 1mm screen, placed in Ankom F57 bags, and run in triplicate to increase statistical significance. Two ruminally cannulated jersey steers were used in a switchback design. Animals were housed in a dry lot pen. The study consisted of 2 three-week periods, 2-week standardization followed by a 1-week test period. Diets offered for period 1 were steer A = 100% alfalfa hay w/o yeast product and steer B = 100% wheat hay w/o yeast product. Diets offered for period 2 were steer A =100% alfalfa hay +15g/h/d yeast product and steer B =100% wheat hay +15g/h/d yeast product. During the test week, rumen fluid contents were collected from each donor via rumen cannula approximately 4 h after feeding and taken to the lab to be composited. The samples were incubated for 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. At the end of the incubation period bags were collected and cold shocked to stop microbial digestion. Samples were dried at 55oC and stored for later analysis. Model included trt (+/-yeast), forage, hr, and interactions forage*hr and forage*trt. No significant differences were observed (P = 0.38) on DM digestibility or NDF digestibility (P = 0.76) with the supplementation of yeast fermentation product. Forage*Trt was significant (P = 0.03 DMdig, P = 0.02 NDFdig). Implications of this study are the inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product at a rate of 15g/h/d may not impact overall forage NDF or DM digestibility but may impact types of forage differently in an in vitro system using composited inoculum from donors on a forage diet.

Evaluation of Some Agronomical and Quality Parameters of Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Cultivars in Sivas Ecological Conditions

Bu araştırma, farklı
 orijinli beş adet domuz ayrığı çeşidinin (Lucullus, Lidaglo, Lidacta, Ayfam ve
 Doğu Yıldızı) Sivas ekolojik koşullarında bazı agronomik ve kalite
 özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2016-2018 yılları arasında, Sivas/Merkez
 ve Sivas/Ulaş olmak üzere iki farklı lokasyonda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada,
 domuz ayrığı çeşitlerinin ana sap uzunluğu (cm), ana sap kalınlığı (mm), bayrak
 yaprağın boyu (cm), bayrak yaprağın eni (mm), boğum arası uzunluk (cm), ana
 saptaki boğum sayısı (adet), yaş ot verimi (kg/da), kuru madde verimi (kg/da), kuru madde
 oranı (%), ham selüloz (%), ham protein (%), ham yağ (%), ham kül (%), ADF ve NDF özellikleri incelenmiştir. İki yıllık ortalama
 verilere göre, Lucullus, Lidacta ve Lidaglo domuz ayrığı çeşitleri, Ayfam ve
 Doğu yıldızı çeşitlerinden daha yüksek kuru madde ve ham protein verimine sahip
 olurken, Doğu yıldızı ve Ayfam çeşitlerinin ise NDF oranlarının yüksek
 değerlere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, Sivas
 ekolojik koşullarında Lucullus, Lidacta ve Lidaglo çeşitlerinin yetiştirilmesi
 ile daha fazla ve kaliteli ot verimi elde edileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.