Coated Cotton Fabrics Research Articles

Preparation of fluoroalkylsilyl polymethacrylates and their waterproof application on cotton fabrics

Three novel fluoroalkylsilyl polymethacrylates, namely mono(fluoroalkyl)silyl polymethacrylate (PMFSA), bis(fluoroalkyl)silyl polymethacrylate (PBFSA) and tris(fluoroalkyl)silyl polymethacrylate (PTFSA), were synthesized via emulsion polymerization in this study. Subsequently, those fluoroalkylsilyl polymethacrylates were applied onto the surface of cotton fabric to make the fabric water-repellent. Particle size, zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to analyze the emulsion stability and particle morphology. The surface properties of the coated cotton fabrics were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thermal properties of fluoroalkylsilyl polymethacrylates and coated cotton fabrics were evaluated by thermal gravity analysis (TGA). Contact angle measurement (CA) demonstrated that the incorporation of more fluorinated segments into the fluoroalkylsilyl methacrylate comonomer molecule and increasing fluorine content can improve the water repellency of treated cotton fabrics. In addition, the fabric’s washing durability was found to be prominent. Even after 15 household machine washes, the water contact angles could be maintained as 132.7 °, 133.9 ° and 128.9 °, respectively.

Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using graphene oxide nanosheets decorated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

This study examined an innovative approach for imparting multi-functional properties, i.e. self-cleaning, electrical conductivity, ultraviolet (UV) blocking as well as antimicrobial properties onto cotton fabric. Graphene oxide/TiO2 nanocomposites were successfully prepared, by a simple method of mixing and sonication, and used for multi-functional treatment of cotton fabrics by dip-drying technique. The physicochemical properties of the prepared samples were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Self-cleaning performance, electrical resistance, antimicrobial properties, and UV blocking activity of treated fabrics were also assessed. The coated cotton fabrics with graphene oxide/TiO2 nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic self-cleaning activity measured by degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under sunlight irradiation. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of the graphene oxide/titanium dioxide nanocomposite-coated fabrics was improved significantly after sunlight irradiation. Moreover, the nanocomposite finished cotton fabric demonstrated proper antimicrobial properties and UV blocking activity.

Silver nanoparticle coating on cotton fabric modified with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)

Silver nanoparticles were coated on cotton fabric modified with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). The synthesised silver nanoparticles were characterised by transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The silver nanoparticle coated cotton fabrics modified with PDDA were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of concentration of PDDA in the pretreatment solution on colour characteristics and UV transmittance of the silver nanoparticle coated cotton fabrics modified with PDDA were investigated. Colour fastness of silver coated cotton fabrics modified with PDDA was also evaluated. The results show that the PDDA modified cotton fabrics are covered with dense silver nanoparticles. Colour strength of the silver nanoparticle coated cotton fabric modified with PDDA increases with the rise of concentration of PDDA in pretreatment solution. The incorporation of PDDA improves washing fastness of silver nanoparticle coated cotton fabrics.

Polymer based fabrics as transducers in ammonia & ethanol gas sensing

Chemically synthesized Intrinsically conductive Polymers (ICP’s), mainly Polypyrrole (PPy) and Polyaniline, coated cotton fabrics has been utilized as transducers in ammonia and ethanol sensing in broad range of concentrations. The response, in terms of decrease or increase in dc current on exposure to ammonia, ethanol and moisture is observed. It is found that, PPy coated fabric shows exactly opposite responses to each other when used for ammonia (decrease in current) and ethanol gas (increase in current) detection. Its response and recovery rate toward ethanol gas is higher as compared to ammonia gas. PANi coated fabric shows effective sensing towards ethanol vapor and less response towards ammonia sensing. The effect of variation in monomer concentrations and use of different sulphonic acid dopants on sensing mechanism of PPy and PANi coated cotton is studied towards one fixed concentration of ammonia and ethanol gas. Threshold concentration for ammonia and ethanol detection by PPy and PANi coated fabric is studied. Rate of change of conduction with time is analyzed for both PPy and PANi coated fabrics for deciding the selectivity of gas.

An Eco-friendly Way to Improve Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabrics: Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Semi-biobased Substance

The objective of the present study is to develop a renewable and environmentally benign technique to improve the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics by the layer-by-layer deposition of semi-biobased substances onto the surface of cotton fabrics. The used semi-biobased substances included negatively charged ingredients: phosphorylated poly (vinyl alcohol) (PPVA) and positively charged ingredients: chitosan. Some typical combustion tests, including vertical flame tests and microscale combustion calorimeter were mainly used to measure the fire safety of coated cotton fabrics. The cotton fabric assembled with 30 bilayers can extinguish flame in the vertical flame test. The reduction in peak heat release rate and total heat release could be observed for all coated cotton fabrics compared with that of pure cotton fabrics. Additionally, the thermal stability of cotton fabrics was also discussed by thermogravimetric analysis. The result indicated that thermal stability of coated cotton fabrics were enhanced in the high temperature range (400–700 ∘C).

Room temperature synthesis of metallic nanosilver using acacia to impart durable biocidal effect on cotton fabrics

Effective one-pot and large scale strategy for rapid synthesis and stabilization of Ag0 nanoparticles (AgNPs) at room temperature, using acacia gum has been reported. Acacia gum played a dual rule as reducing agent for Ag+ and as stabilizing agent for the net produced AgNPs. Concentration of reducing sugars produced in the reaction medium was monitored. Formation of AgNPs has been detected by UV-Vis spectra and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Size distribution was 4–8 nm and mean size was 6 nm for AgNPs prepared at room temperature. Finishing of Cotton fabrics by solutions of AgNPs - acacia composite was utilized. Presence of Ag on the coated Cotton was confirmed by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The influence of coating with that composite on color of fabrics and on biocidal properties as well as laundering durability of obtained effects was studied. Coated Cotton fabrics exhibited excellent antibacterial action with good durability as after 20 washing cycles, 99 % of bacteria was completely killed. The presented method contains neither complicated systems nor hazard chemicals, which makes the coated fabrics with AgNPs - acacia composite sterile and can be used in medical purposes to prevent or minimize infection with pathogenic bacteria.

Degradation Kinetics and Mechanical Studies of Intumescent Coated Cotton Fabric

In the present study, cotton fabric were prepared via coating with intumescent formulations of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), guanidine nitrate, penta erythritol (PER) and metal salts at different loading levels via ‘Pad-dry cure’ method. Thermal degradation behavior of prepared cotton derivatives was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) from ambient temperature to 700 oC. Dynamic TG analysis was used to study the thermal degradation behavior of samples at four different heating rates of 2, 5, 10 and 20 oC min-1 in air atmosphere. The treated cotton fabric decomposes at lower temperatures and produces higher amount of char yields. The degradation activation energy was calculated using Friedman, modified Coats-Redfern and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (O-F-W) iso-conversional model free methods. Tensile properties of coated fabric were found to be reduced with increase in loading of intumescent formulation but there was an abrupt increase in sample coated with intumescent and silica. With the insertion of iron (Fe) metal ion along with intumescent reduces the fabric strength due to formation of metal complexes with cotton cellulose which decreases the crosslinking. The maximum flame ratardancy of CF 12APP-Si among all cotton derivatives is suggested as the flame retardancy directly proportional to char yield (22 % at 650 oC) that is highest and inversely proportional to MMLR value (8.3 % min-1), that is least among all samples. Based on thermal and kinetic studies, the optimum concentration of flame retardant is worked out.

Plant-extract mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Pongamia pinnata and their activity against pathogenic bacteria

Bio-mediated synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extract is a promising alternative of traditional chemical synthesis. The present study reports the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by biological method. Highly stable and hexagonal phase ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using Pongamia pinnata leaves extract and were characterized by XRD, UV–vis, DLS, SEM, TEM and FT-IR spectroscopy. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were confirmed by XRD and FTIR spectra. Morphology studies indicates spherical nature of the ZnO NPs and EDX shows the highly pure ZnO nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO nanoparticles coated cotton fabric were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive) and Escherichia coli (gram negative) organisms by agar diffusion method. Finally, the current study has clearly demonstrated that the ZnO NPs are responsible for significant higher antibacterial activities. Therefore, the study reveals an efficient, ecofriendly and simple method for the green synthesis of multifunctional ZnO NPs using green synthetic approach.

Graphene nanoribbon coated flexible and conductive cotton fabric

Abstract In the present study, the graphene nanoribbon was prepared and was coated to the cotton fabric using a wet coating approach. The prepared graphene nanoribbon coated cotton fabric was characterized in terms of morphological, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. It was shown from the results that the graphene nanoribbons were uniformly distributed on the surface of the cotton fibers and interacted with the cotton fibers through hydrogen interactions. The graphene nanoribbon coating improved the thermal stability of the cotton fabric. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the cotton fabric improved significantly as well. Due to the incorporation of the rigid filler, the tensile stress and the Young's modulus increased by 58.9% and 64.1%, respectively. More significantly, the graphene nanoribbon coated cotton fabric was highly conductive. The resistance of the cotton fabric had a linear dependence on the strain of it when the applied strain was 20%. The prepared graphene nanoribbon coated cotton fabric has great application potentials in smart textile industry.

Manufacture of Coated Cotton Fabric Anti-bacterial Nano Thin Film by Sequential Immersion – Sol- Gel Technique

Manufacture of Coated Cotton Fabric Anti-bacterial Nano Thin Film by Sequential Immersion – Sol- Gel Technique

Gamma radiation synthesis of colloidal AgNPs for its potential application in antimicrobial fabrics

Abstract Highly stable colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles in a water–isopropanol–polyvinyl alcohol system was prepared through 60 Co-gamma radiation at total dose of 35 kGy at dose rate of 5.67 kGy/h under nitrogen atmosphere. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the obtained colloidal solution indicated the formation of spherical shaped well mono dispersed silver nanoparticles with average diameter about 30 nm having very narrow size distribution. The radiolytically obtained nanosilver colloid was coated onto cotton fabrics by a simple industrial screen printing method and its adhesion with the fabric was found out by leaching studies using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Good adhesion was achieved by the adopted method wherein 89.5% of the coated nanosilver was retained in the fabric even after keeping the fabrics soaked in water for more than 60 h. Antimicrobial efficacy tests of the nanosilver coated cotton fabric showed that nanosilver coating is effective in killing both bacterial and fungal strains even at very low nanosilver loading (21.81 μgm/cm 2 ). Nanosilver coating on the cotton fabric did not allow microbes ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Candida albicans ) to adhere and proliferate on fabric surface. Staphylococci ( Staphylococcus aureus ) and Yeast ( Candida albicans ) showed inhibition zones in presence of these nanosilver coated fabrics while no inhibition zone was observed with the uncoated control fabric.

Flame retardant properties of plasma pre-treated/diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated cotton fabrics

Textiles with superior anti-flammability properties combined with minimal environmental impact are extremely necessary to reduce fire-related issues. In this regard, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on cotton fabrics may represent promising candidates as potential flame-retardant (FR) materials. Herein, superhydrophobic and fire-resistant cotton fabrics were fabricated through a two-step plasma strategy by alternately exposing substrates to H2 and O2 plasma pre-treatments and subsequent DLC deposition. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis has revealed that different plasma pre-treatments can impose surface modifications on the chemical structure of cotton, especially in carboxylic and hydroxyl groups, leading to a radical alteration of surface roughness and of the crystalline cellulosic external structure. These changes deeply influenced the growth of DLC thin films and the surface properties of cotton fabric because of the combination of a hierarchical structure and surface chemistry as verified using field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy and water contact angle measurements. The effects of both specific gases used in the pre-treatment step and duration of pre-treatment were analysed and compared using thermogravimetric analyses. The H2-pre-treated DLC cottons exhibited good potential as an FR material, showing improved thermal stability in respect to untreated cotton, as evidenced by increased ignition times. Moreover, vertical burning tests have demonstrated that DLC-cotton systems exhibit enhanced flammability resistance.

Graphene coated cotton fabric as textile structured counter electrode for DSSC

Extensive research has been focused on reducing cost of current dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and make them flexible by using versatile materials that could make this energy conversion technique, more economical and increase their applications. In this work, we have demonstrated a low cost, lightweight, Pt and metal-free, flexible, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated cotton fabric as textile structured counter electrode (CE) in DSSC. This electrode was prepared with a simple and quick, dip and dry technique, commonly used in textile industry, to adsorb graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs) on cotton fabric which was then chemically reduced, using hydriodic acid to rGO for restoration of π-π conjugation and high electrical conductivity at the surface of cotton fabric. This novel natural fiber-based fabric electrode showed excellent flexibility under different bending angles aI3−nd judicious electrocatalytic activity towards reduction of triiodide (I3−) with a commendable conversion efficiency of 2.52%. This electrode offers advantages of not only saving the cost of Pt itself but also reducing the energy required to activate Pt. Being flexible and light weight, this electrode can be used in variety of applications, including wearable types of DSSCs.

Biomimetic Method To Assemble Nanostructured Ag@ZnO on Cotton Fabrics: Application as Self-Cleaning Flexible Materials with Visible-Light Photocatalysis and Antibacterial Activities.

A bioinspired mineralization route to prepare self-cleaning cotton fabrics by functionalizing their surface with nanostructured Ag@ZnO is demonstrated herein. In a polyamine-mediated mineralization process, while the nucleation, organization and coating of ZnO is done directly from water-soluble zinc salts under mild conditions, the entrapped polyamine in the ZnO matrix acts as reducing agent to generate Ag(0) from Ag(I) at room temperature. The Ag@ZnO coated cotton fabrics are characterized by FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, and UV-vis-DRS to confirm the formation and coating of Ag@ZnO particles on individual threads of the fabric. The presence of Ag nanoparticles not only enables the ZnO-coated fabrics exhibiting improved photocatalytic property but also allows for visible-light-driven activities. Furthermore, it exhibits efficient antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, besides these multifunctional properties, the polyamine-mediated bioinspired approach is expected to pave way for functionalization of flexible substrates under mild conditions as desirable for the development and fabrication of smart, lightweight, and wearable devices for various niche applications.

Fabrication of Ag and AZO/Ag/AZO ceramic films on cotton fabrics for solar control

Ag and AZO/Ag/AZO ceramic films were deposited on cotton fabrics by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and systematically investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Physical properties of the coated fabrics were evaluated by infrared reflection rate, air permeability and UPF value. Ag coated cotton fabrics presented an infrared reflection rate of 16% and the highest UPF values of 11.096. The AZO/Ag/AZO coated cotton fabrics exhibited an infrared reflection rate of 18% and the highest UPF values of 21.782. The prepared flexible cotton fabrics can provide UV radiation protection and infrared reflective properties, which make them promising materials for solar control applications.

Construction of layer-by-layer assembled chitosan/titanate nanotubes based nanocoating on cotton fabrics: flame retardant performance and combustion behavior

A flame retardant nanocoating made from chitosan and titanate nanotubes was deposited on the surface of cotton fabric by the layer by layer assembly to improve its flame retardancy. Firstly, the hydrothermal method was used to prepare titanate nanotubes. Then, coated cotton fabrics were prepared by alternately submersing cotton fabrics into chitosan solution and titanate nanotube suspension. The structure of nanocoating on cotton fabric surface was tailored by altering number of bilayers and the concentration of titanate nanotube suspension. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that titanate nanotube filled nanocoating was successfully deposited on the surface of cotton fabric. Furthermore, the titanate nanotubes assembled a randomly oriented and entangled network structure, as can be observed by scanning electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis result indicated that the thermal and thermal-oxidation stability of all coated cotton fabrics were both improved in the high temperature range from 330 to 700 °C. The microscale combustion calorimeter result showed that all coated cotton fabrics have the reduction in peak heat release rate and total heat release compared with that of pristine cotton fabric. Moreover, the reduction was dependent on the concentration of titanate nanotube suspension and number of bilayers. The improved flame retardancy can be ascribed to the protective effect of the titanate nanotube network structure formed, which acts as a physical barrier to retard the heat, oxygen and mass transfers between the flame and underlying material.

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using herbal Acorus calamus rhizome extract and coating on cotton fabric for antibacterial and UV blocking applications

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been synthesized by greener method using chloroauric acid as precursor and extract of Acorus calamus rhizome as reducing agent. Formation of AuNP was confirmed by the presence of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak in UV–Visible spectral analysis. XRD and FT-IR spectral analyses were performed for characterization. SEM images show spherical morphology and HR-TEM images reveal nanosize of AuNPs. The AuNPs were then coated on cotton fabric by pad-dry-cure method and characterized by SEM with EDAX technique. The results reveal the deposition of AuNPs on the surface of cotton fabric. Uncoated cotton, neat extract coated cotton and extract containing AuNPs coated cotton fabrics were then tested for antibacterial activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains by AATCC 100 test method. It showed that the extract containing AuNPs coated cotton fabric had higher antibacterial activity than other test samples against E. coli. UV-DRS analysis performed on extract containing AuNPs coated cotton fabric showed improved UV-blocking property than uncoated cotton fabric and neat extract coated cotton fabric.

Quantification of residual liquid on repellent cotton fabrics after liquid roll off

A new method to detect and quantify any residual liquid left on coated cotton fabrics after liquid roll off using fluorescence microscopy.

Investigation of Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Properties of Carbon Black Coated Cotton Fabrics

In this study, the thermal and electrical conductivity properties of carbon black coated cotton fabrics were investigated. To obtain coated cotton fabrics, first carbon black nanoparticles were dispersed in distilled water. To improve dispersion stability of water based carbon black coating solutions, anionic wetting and dispersing agent was used. Plain weaved cotton fabrics were dipped into carbon black dispersion for 5 min. Because of the strong absorption, the cotton fabric was quickly coated by the carbon black dispersion. Then, the fabric with carbon black dispersion was subsequently dried in an oven at 120 °C for 10 min to remove water. The dipping-drying process was repeated for 5 times to increase the carbon black loading in cotton fabric. Different carbon black concentrations on coating process were examined. The effect of carbon black loading on thermal and electrical conductivity properties of fabrics were investigated.

Investigation of Polypyrrole Coated Cotton Fabrics as Electromagnetic Shielding Material

This study was aimed to obtain conductive cotton fabric surfaces by chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomer. For this purpose, iron (III) chloride was used as oxidant, and an aliphatic polyether with acidic groups was used as anionic surfactant respectively. Polypyrrole formation on cotton fabric surface was proved by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The obtained polypyrrole coated cotton fabric samples have been evaluated in terms of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and electrical conductivity. Results showed that polypyrrole coated cotton fabrics have showed about 25 dB EMSE value in 0-3 GHz frequency range.