Coastal Villages Research Articles

Assessing the impact of cyclonic storm Tauktae on shoreline change in Mangaluru coast using geospatial technology

Cyclones are natural events that occur with atmospheric pressure variations. Compared to the eastern coast of India, the western coast has less cyclonic activity. Even though some of the cyclonic events turn into severe cyclonic storms and cause a huge impact on ecological and anthropogenic activities. This research focuses on the impact of cyclone Tauktae on the Mangalore coast. Cyclone Tauktae, one of the most powerful to pass through coastal Karnataka, caused significant damages, affecting 121 villages and resulting in four casualties. Utilizing geospatial techniques, this study employs Sentinel-2 satellite images to analyze shoreline changes during pre and post-cyclone Tauktae. A GIS technique involves the extraction of shorelines using 10-meter resolution images, with manual digitization excluding natural and man-made structures. Transect lines are generated with the help of DSAS to measure shoreline movement, distinguishing accretion and erosion. Rainfall conditions during the cyclone period are mapped using gridded rainfall data. The study area, encompassing ten coastal villages from Someshwara to Sasihithlu, is characterized by its vulnerability to cyclones. Results reveal substantial shoreline changes, with notable erosion in central and northern Mangaluru, Tannirbavi, and Hosabettu. Accretion is observed in south Someshwara and north Sashihitlu. Rainfall patterns are analyzed using Persian CCS gridded data, depicting the dynamic nature of precipitation during the cyclonic event. This research contributes valuable insights into the short-term effects of cyclonic storms on shorelines, emphasizing the importance of geospatial techniques for coastal management. The findings serve as a foundation for mitigating cyclonic impacts and enhancing resilience in the Mangalore coast, aiding future coastal management strategies

Beyond the Tropics: Unraveling the Complex Relationship between Sun Exposure, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Deficiency in Coastal Malaysians.

Despite Malaysia's year-round sunny climate, vitamin D deficiency is surprisingly common among Malaysians. However, we hypothesise that vitamin D levels among coastal populations are above average. Thus, we aim to investigate vitamin D levels and correlate them with the potential contributing factors from three selected coastal villages in Johor, Melaka, and Negeri Sembilan. Convenient sampling was employed to recruit 120 Malay male and female participants, and dried blood spots (DBS) were obtained to measure 25 (OH) vitamin D3 levels via immunoassay. Participants also completed two questionnaires: the Sun Exposure and Protection Index (SEPI) and a validated food frequency questionnaire for Malaysians. The participant pool comprised 35.20% males and 64.80% females who completed all questionnaires and underwent DBS sampling. Our analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) based on skin tones, impacting various facets of the SEPI, including sunscreen usage, protective clothing utilisation, and the adoption of protective headwear. Furthermore, gender emerged as another pivotal factor, demonstrating significant distinctions in these SEPI components. Nevertheless, there is a weak correlation between SEPI scores and vitamin D levels. Subsequent regression analysis did produce statistically significant results (p = 0.018), yet the associated low R2 value indicated a weak correlation between dietary vitamin D intake that impacts vitamin D levels. In conclusion, our preliminary findings indicate that sun exposure and dietary factors are not the sole determinants of 25-OH vitamin D3 levels. However, we require more samples from various coastal locations for a definitive justification.

Nutrient Adequacy of Beef Cattle in Coastal Areas Kumai Sub-District, West Kotawaringin District

This study aims to determine the nutrient adequacy of beef cattle in the coastal area of ​​Kumai District. The study was carried out from February – March 2022 in six coastal villages of ​​Kumai District, West Kotawaringin Regency. The six villages were Sabuai villages, Sebuai Timur villages, Keraya villages, Teluk Bogam villages, Sungai Bakau villages, and Kubu villages. BK analysis at the Animal Production Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Antakusuma University, while Ca and P analysis at the Animal Food Science Laboratory, Gadjah Mada University (UGM). There were 60 beef cattle used, each village used 10 beef cattle were selected purposively. The parameters observed included consumption of BK, PK, Ca, P and body weight. The data obtained in this study was analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the average body weight in six village was 311, 75 kg. The average consumption of DM was 7,76 kg/head/day, CP 516,06 g/head/day, Ca 21,18 g/head/day dan P 2,81 g/head/day. While the average requirement of DM was 6,24 kg/head/day, CP 604,68 g/head/day, Ca 15,26 g/head/day, dan P 12,11 g/head/day. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the feed given to beef cattle was sufficient for the nutrient requirements of BK and Ca, while PK and P was not sufficient for the nutrient requirements of beef cattle.&#x0D; &#x0D;

“Are Ye Fantastical?”: Shakespeare’s Weird W[omen] in the 21st-Century Indian Adaptations Maqbool, Mandaar and Joji

Shakespeare’s Macbeth has traveled a long way from its original milieu. This paper takes three major 21st-century Indian adaptions of Macbeth as its primary texts. The city of Mumbai in the west in Maqbool, an imaginary coastal Bengal village in the east in Mandaar, and the suburbs of Kerala in Joji in the south of the subcontinent become sites of “creative mistranslations” of the play. In this paper, we take the ambiguity that Shakespeare’s witches evoke in the early 17th-century Scottish world as a point of entry and consider how that ambiguity is translated in its 21st-century Indian on-screen adaptations. Cutting across spaciotemporal boundaries, the witches remain a source of utmost significance through their presence/absence in the adaptations discussed. In Maqbool, Shakespeare’s heath-hags become male upper-caste law-keepers, representing the tyrannies of state machinery. Mandaar’s witches become direct agents of Mandaar’s annihilation at the end after occupying a deceptively marginal position in the sleazy world of Gailpur. In an apparent departure, Joji’s world is shorn of witches, making him appear as the sole perpetrator of the destruction in a fiercely patriarchal family. A closer reading, however, reveals the ominous presence of some insidious power that defies the control of any individual. The compass that directs Macbeth and its adaptations, from the West to the East, from 1606 to date, is the fatalism that the witches weave, in their seeming absence as well as in their portentous presence. We cannot help but consider them as yardsticks in any tragedy that deals with the age-old dilemma of predestination and free will.

Pemberdayaan Sosial dan Ekonomi Kreatif dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Pesisir Desa Mantang Lama

This article was written to describe that the Coastal Village Community in Bintan Regency, namely the Old Mantang Village, where the majority of the people work as fishermen, still depend on entrepreneurs or toke, so these results cannot meet their daily living needs. So the fishermen's wives took the initiative to sell to help their family's economy. Therefore, the village government is making efforts to improve and develop the economy with the aim of improving the welfare of the people of Mantang Lama Village. The aim of this research is to find out and understand how community empowerment is carried out by the Mantang Lama Village government in an effort to improve the economy and also the welfare of the coastal communities of Mantang Lama Village. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with descriptive explanations. The data source in this research uses primary and secondary data sources. The results of this research are that the village government through BUMDes Mantang Lama formed KUBE Mawar Merah with the aim of empowering the community so that their economy can increase and be able to improve the social welfare of the people of Mantang Lama Village.

Flow of mangrove ecosystem services to coastal communities in the Brazilian Amazon

Mangrove forests are broadly recognized to support a variety of ecosystem services on coastal margins worldwide. These services may significantly contribute to the wellbeing of millions of people, but there is limited information about their importance in the Global South. This study mapped for the first time the flow of ecosystem services in Brazilian Amazon mangroves, which represent over 700,000 ha of mangroves in the country. We also identified the spatial changes in the flow of services across coastal landscapes, including urban, agricultural upland areas and coastal natural protected areas. Our matrix model indicated that mangroves, waterbodies, sandflats and mudflats are critical to the flow of multiple ecosystem services, including provisioning (fish, mariculture), cultural (historical and intrinsic value, research, and education), and regulation (climate, flood control, nursery, and breeding grounds). Social economic context, occupation, education, and residence time are important factors influencing villagers to identify the flow of ecosystem services, which could be compared across other coastal marine reserves in South America that have similar management of natural resources. Adjacent coastal upland habitats such as forests and croplands are important to support many provisioning ecosystem services to coastal villagers that would otherwise be obtained from mangroves, suggesting that protecting these connected habitats and supporting small-scale agriculture may help to avoid deforestation of mangrove forests. As over 80% of the mangroves in the country are managed as extractive reserves and may support communities with comparable socio-economic characteristics, we provide a foundation for the development and replication of ecosystem services assessments in Brazilian mangroves, which cover an area of over 1 million hectares. Our work highlights the importance of mangrove forests in providing food, and cultural services and to increase local climate resilience of coastal villages in the Amazon coast.

Strategi masyarakat pesisir Margolinduk dalam penanganan banjir rob serta implikasi terhadap sikap peduli lingkungan

Margolinduk Village is one of the coastal villages on the north coast of Central Java which is worst affected by the tidal floods in Demak Regency. The various losses felt by the people of Margolinduk Village due to tidal floods have not reduced the resilience of the people to stay put. So that various handling efforts are deployed by the community in order to survive. However, so far there has been no research that examines the strategies of the Margolinduk Village community in dealing with tidal floods. Therefore, this research aims to find out the strategies used by the Margolinduk Village community in dealing with tidal floods and the implications for attitudes toward caring for the environment. Community efforts to deal with tidal floods should lead to concern for the environment. However, this attitude of caring for the environment must be proven by measuring indicators of caring for the environment. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The number of samples used in this research was 30 people taken by purposive sampling. The Margolinduk Village community's strategy for dealing with tidal floods is by raising house buildings and looking for other alternative jobs. Even though the education level of the people of Margolinduk Village is still relatively low, the attitude of caring for the environment of the people of Margolinduk Village is in the very good category. Thus, what is found in this research is that attitudes that care about the environment do not always arise because of the knowledge taught at school. Direct experiences or individual impacts due to tidal floods have deep emotional and practical dimensions, thus playing a crucial role in shaping changes in attitudes and behavior towards greater environmental awareness.

Quantifying flood risks during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons: An integrated framework for resource-constrained coastal regions

Global coastal regions are transforming into “flooding hot-spots” due to the multi-faceted confluence of several flood-drivers. Unfortunately, these regions are often poorly gauged, hindering comprehensive flood hazard quantification. Besides summer-monsoon floods, post-monsoon rainfalls induced by cyclonic-depressions have escalated the flood risks in the coastal regions. For the first time, the present study captures the seasonal flood hazards by disentangling monsoon (June, July, August, and September) and post-monsoon (October, November, and December) periods of rainfall. An integrated MIKE + 1D-2D coupled model was used to generate flood hazard risks for Jagatsinghpur district (Odisha, India), a resource-constrained multi-hazard catchment in the Lower Mahanadi River Basin. Due to limited data for this coastal region, we investigated the performance of CHIRPS v2.0, a global Satellite Precipitation Product (SPP) with high spatiotemporal characteristics, for capturing extreme rainfall events and deriving flood hazards at the inundation scale. We observed higher magnitude of flood hazards are prominent in the coastal villages, emerging from a complex interaction between rainfall and storm-tide events. Three widely used Archimedean copulas were implemented to capture the rainfall and storm-tide events' joint (bivariate) behavior and their implications on population exposure, which is valuable for mapping flood hazard risks. We observed that univariate analysis (Ua) significantly underestimates the flood hazard over bivariate analysis (Ba) during both periods. Interestingly, the results are more pronounced in the population exposure estimates as ∼47 % (monsoon) and ∼54 % (post-monsoon) of the population are exposed based on univariate analysis against ∼65 % (monsoon) and ∼60 % (post-monsoon) under bivariate analysis. Our study highlights the necessity of disentangling rainfall time-series for foreseeing under-shadowed flood risks, vital for designing flood combating structures, evacuation plans, land use planning, and flood governance. The results further enhance our understanding of monsoon and post-monsoon flood hazards and their associated risks under different return periods.

Differences in Prosocial Behavior of 5 - 6 Year Old Children in Coastal and Non-Coastal Areas of North Bengkulu Regency

This study aims to describe the differences in prosocial behavior of children aged 5-6 years in coastal and non-coastal areas of North Bengkulu Regency. By using a comparative quantitative research approach. The study population was 6 coastal sub-districts and 13 non-coastal areas in North Bengkulu and the sample used multistage sampling which had several stages, the first stage used cluster sampling techniques to select coastal sub-districts and non-coastal sub-districts in North Bengkulu Regency, the second stage used simple random sampling techniques used to select coastal and non-coastal villages, obtained a sample of 45 children. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The research data analysis was Independent Sample T test. The results showed prosocial behavior from 5 sub-indicators (helping, cooperating, sharing feelings, acting honestly, and giving charity) in coastal areas with an average of 2.372 on low criteria, while non-coastal areas with an average of 2.41 on low criteria. There is no significant difference between the prosocial behavior of children aged 5-6 years in coastal and non-coastal areas of North Bengkulu Regency.

Expression of cell cycle genes among the residents of settlements along the Techa River exposed to ionizing radiation &lt;i&gt;in utero&lt;/i&gt;

BACKGROUND: The period of intrauterine development is highly susceptible to the effects of ionizing radiation. While the consequences of radiation exposure during pregnancy are not yet fully understood, it is believed that individuals exposed to ionizing radiation in utero are at a greater risk of long-term health consequences.&#x0D; AIM: To analyze the expression of mRNA of cell cycle genes (TP53, MDM2, CDKN1A, ATM) in individuals exposed during intrauterine development to chronic radiation exposure after the Techa River accident.&#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted over 60–70 years after the onset of chronic radiation exposure in a group of 170 individuals. Among them, 54 individuals were exposed to radiation during both prenatal and postnatal periods of development, while 80 individuals were exposed to chronic radiation after birth. The comparison group consisted of 36 individuals living in similar socio-economic conditions, with a lifetime cumulative dose of red bone marrow radiation not exceeding 70 mGy.&#x0D; RESULTS: Individuals residing in coastal villages along the Techa River, who were exposed to radiation during both the prenatal and postnatal stages of development, experience a reduction in the relative mRNA content of the MDM2 and CDKN1A genes compared to the control group and individuals who were exposed to chronic radiation after birth. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that there is no association between changes in mRNA expression of the studied genes and the accumulated absorbed dose of intrauterine and postnatal exposure of red bone marrow.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The reduced transcriptional activity of the MDM2 and CDKN1A genes in individuals exposed to chronic radiation in utero may play a role in the development of long-term effects of radiation exposure in humans.

The Formation of Rural’s Labor Migration in Rural-Coastal of Aceh, Indonesia: Do Land-Factor or Other Household Characteristics Matters

As in other Indonesian provinces, Aceh is also experiencing demographic changes due to migration patterns. However, the migration rate in Aceh is not much significant in number compared to other provinces in Indonesia. As shown in the findings of this study. In the post-conflict and post-tsunami period, migration patterns in Aceh more influenced by economic factors. Moreover, the agricultural sector that dominates the structure of the regional GDP of Aceh unfortunately tends to decline every year in percentage and not so promising for rural household income and prompted the agricultural labour force to move to the non-agricultural sector and induces rural-urban migration. The study aims to assess the effects of land factors (agriculture) on individual migration decisions in households in four coastal villages in Bireuen district of Aceh. The research approach is the theory of economic migration. The method of analysis used in this study is statistically-descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis, to assess whether land ownership has a significant impact on the labour’s migration behaviour. In the findings of study, we found the relationship of land factor to migration pattern are both induce the “cost of opportunity” and the “hinder factor”. While land ownership does not significantly affect the likelihood of migration, other factors do. These include age, household size, composition of the household labour force, and poverty levels. This study are expected to cover the gaps in the literature on the migration and rural development studies in both Aceh and Indonesia.

Analysis of the Role and Contribution of Fishermen's Wives to Family Income in Likupang Barat District, North Minahasa Regency, Indonesia

Lembeh West Likupang District is one of the tourist destinations in North Sulawesi and even in Indonesia. West Likupang District consists of 20 villages and three of them are villages located on the coast that have quite well-known beach tourism potential, namely Bahoi Village, Jayakarsa Village and Bulutui Village. The existence of these three coastal tourist village destinations helps the economy of the people who live in this coastal tourist area. Women's contributions are made to help their husbands earn a living, which in the end is expected to increase family income so that family needs are met. This research is intended to be based on this.&#x0D; The research aims to identify and analyze the forms of activities of fishermen's wives and forms of independent business apart from being a housewife as well as supporting the family economy in West Likupang District and to analyze how much income fishermen's wives contribute to the income of fishermen's families in West Likupang District.&#x0D; The research location was in Bahoi Village, Jayakarsa Village, Bulutui Village, West Likupang District and purposive sampling research method was used to carry out the research. The criteria for respondents were being married to a fisherman and living in Bahoi Village, Jayakarsa Village, and Bulutui Village. The number of respondents in each village was 10 people, so there were 30 respondents in total.&#x0D; The research results show that there are two roles for fishermen's wives in carrying out daily activities, namely, the domestic role and the public role. The contribution of fishermen's wives' income to family income is 42%. This value shows how big a role women play in increasing family income and meeting family needs.

Bakestones in Northern Norway: An Archaeological Witness to Medieval Foodways and Maritime Trade

BAKESTONES ARE A 11TH-CENTURY EARLY MEDIEVAL INNOVATION associated with flatbread production that reflect a distinctive Norwegian food culture spanning some 600 years. Large scale manufacture of chlorite schist bakestones at Ølve-Hatlestrand, western Norway, was linked to further distribution in Norway from the port of Bergen. Bakestones were an important item of maritime trade transported to northern Norway in exchange for stockfish (dried cod) and are most commonly found in coastal fishing villages and settlement mound sites. An attribute-based analysis of bakestones from northern Norway in the Arctic University Museum of Norway archaeological collection, the first comprehensive study outside of medieval towns, explores the role of bakestones for Norse/Norwegian maritime settlement and as a valued trade commodity, as demonstrated by reuse of bakestone fragments. In addition to documenting spatial and temporal bakestone distribution, geochemical (XRF) characterisation and a preliminary analysis of organic residues were also undertaken. Although bakestones are primarily associated with Norwegian settlement, their role in contexts with a combination of indigenous Sámi and Norse/Norwegian elements is also evaluated.

An Integrated Business Model Based on Linear Programming for Carrageenan Production Chain in Coastal Village

The blue economy concept is a development program that harmonizes economic growth, social equity, and a sustainable environment. In coastal villages, economic growth could be promoted by selecting a high-value and competitive local-based product, selecting a clean production process with renewable energy, proper waste management, and involving people who live in the coastal area. The research is carried out in Padike village, Talango district, Poteran island, Sumenep, East of Java supported by the vocational high school in Padike and the University of Wiraraja, Sumenep as a partnership institution, and involving people living in Poteran island. An integrated business model based on linear programming was designed to perform a carrageenan production chain that consists of modern seaweed cultivation farming, a high-quality seaweed drying dome, a clean carrageenan processing shop with zero waste management, and clean renewable energy. The model developed based on linear programming was run into 2 different scenarios. The first scenario focuses on the optimization in each production station and the second scenario focuses on the carrageenan production itself. From the different scenarios, we obtained that the second scenario resulted in an appealing opportunity. As a result, an integrated business model for managing the carrageenan production chain has been initiated, and as a practical example of the blue economy model which ensures the proper balance between economic growth, social equity, and a sustainable environment.

Integrated Spatial-Development Planning (InS-Dep) for Marine Space Utilization of the Coastal Village Communities

Marine space is inseparable from the livelihood of the communities in coastal villages in terms of utilizing marine resources, as the main occupation of the people is fisherman. They need to secure marine areas in front of the village, however, the village government hold authority neither in planning nor managing the marine space for village development in the formal spatial planning. This study attempted to identify challenges and opportunities in developing a village master plan for utilizing of marine space. This study carried out through participatory action during the process of village development planning (RPJMDes) by implementing Integrated Spatial-Development Planning (InS-DeP) model. This model integrates spatial plan into the development plan by constructing a village masterplan that includes plans for utilization of the marine space that complements development programs. From a series of FGDs, it is observed that InS-DeP model faces challenges in technical mapping and lack of knowledge regarding alternative livelihood options in developing the plan for future uses. Through this experience, by implementing InS-DeP model, coastal village government can prepare a master plan for marine space as a consensus with the community to ensure a balance between exploitation and conservation activities.

Assessing the Impact of Coastal Erosion on Land use and Landcover, A Time Series Analysis using DSAS and GIS in Cuddalore Shore, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract One of the most fragile places on earth is the coastal zone. There are several different ecosystems in this area. In this area, erosion and accretion are typical natural occurrences. These changes could also threaten the coastal ecology. Uneven coastal changes can result from natural processes such rainfall, cyclones, floods, tectonic shifts and longshore drift. Similar to this, anthropogenic influences like mining, unscientific land use, urbanisation, etc., contribute to coastal processes and bring much more significant alterations in the coastal region. Therefore, identifying such a location is crucial. Advanced approaches for studying shoreline change have been made possible by geospatial technology. The enormous effort to obtain an accurate result over a greater area has become easier as a result. In order to examine the changes in the Cuddalore shoreline during the years 2002, 2007, 2013, 2017, and 2022, Landsat satellite imageries with 30 m spatial resolution were used. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool for analysing shoreline change has been integrated to Geographic Information System (GIS) software. DSAS was used to construct the baseline transects for the shoreline change measurement. Using the MATLAB feature runtime function for ArcGIS, the rate of shoreline change was computed. Based on the DSAS output, the area of high erosion, low erosion, stable, and low accretion, high accretion zones were assessed on the coastline. The results reveal that 15.38% of the shoreline, around 6.8 km is under high erosion. 12.2% of the shoreline, which is around 5.4 km, is under low erosion. 32% of the shoreline, around 14.5 km, is a stable region. 26.9% of shorelines, around 11.9 km, is low accretion, and 12.6% of shorelines, around 5.6 km, is high accretion. The coastal villages, namely, Gundupallavadi, Cuddalore, Thandavarayancholanga pettai, Ariyakoshti and parangipettai have a high erosion with a maximum rate of change between -3 to -14 m/y. The coastal villages Patchayankuppam, Cuddalore, Tiruchchepuram, Kayalpattu, Kothattai, Ariyakoshti, Parangipettai have high accretion with a maximum rate of change between 3 to 10 m/y.

Comparison Of Wind Environment Adaptation and Street SpaceIn Traditional Coastal Villages—— A Case Study Of Typical Coastal Villages In Fuzhou City

At present, most of the existing research on traditional dwellings focuses on their preservation and reuse, while their environmental adaptability is relatively underexplored. Especially in coastal areas, understanding and enhancing the environmental adaptability of buildings is crucial to guarding against natural disasters, protecting the ecological environment, maintaining socio-economic stability, and coping with climate change, all of which are key factors in achieving sustainable development. In this paper, two traditional villages in Fuzhou (Dinghai Village and Houguan Village), which have similar geographic environments but different types, are selected as examples to explore the adaptability of village street layouts and spatial patterns with different degrees of integration to coastal wind environments by analyzing and comparing them through CFD simulations.The study summarizes the conclusions through the horizontal comparative analysis: 1. the degree of spatial integration of the central street and the wind resistance of the village are positively proportional 2. the layout with high connectivity value and strong permeability of the space is conducive to the improvement of the village's wind environment adaptability. By comparing different village patterns, the article refines the spatial characteristics of streets and alleys for the wind adaptability of coastal traditional villages, with a view to providing certain technical support and theoretical basis for the protection and renewal of traditional villages in China, as well as for the strategic planning in terms of sustainable development.

Агитрейс на Чукотке: «Энергию планов и замыслов – в энергию дел». К 90-летию фотографа Н.Н. Боброва

The article examines a unique phenomenon of the Soviet era - the so-called agitreis. These were marches through the coastal Chukotka villages, which pursued the usual goal for a Soviet citizen, a person of that time - political educational work among the newcomers and indigenous population of the Chukotka Peninsula. Ag-itreises combined mobile and stationary in a special way. Soviet correspondents, photographers, and representatives of the local creative intelligentsia took part in the propaganda campaigns. The authors reveal the essence of this Soviet-era phenomenon through the example of a specific agitreis, which took place in the summer of 1985, and passed along the coast of Chukotka on the ship “Captain Sotnikov” from Anadyr to Uelen. Using a microhistorical approach, the authors propose to look at the events through the lens and memories of direct participants of the agitreis in Chukotka - photographers N.N. Bobrov and V.V. Sertun. The article reconstructs the route, participants and key events of the Chukotka agitreis of 1985. This agitreis performed not only the function of informing, but also allowed for operational monitoring of the processes and changes taking place in Chukotka. The cruise participants had the opportunity to compare the progress of the village improvement process, find out plans for the future, understand the local context and identify specific problems. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

A qualitative analysis of rural fishermen: Potential for blockchain-enabled framework for livelihood sustainability

Rural fishing communities face numerous challenges related to livelihood security, as they are engaged in a risky and labour-intensive occupation. They often receive only a small portion of the profits, due to the influence of self-serving local intermediaries, lack of transparency in the business processes, trust issues, and power differentials among stakeholders. Although still in its infancy, blockchain technology has been adopted in various urban settings to mitigate similar challenges and to build trust through its security attributes, data ledger transparency, and smart contract automation. Yet, few have explored the efficacy of blockchain technology in addressing the unique challenges faced by rural fishermen in marketing their catch and connecting them to a broader range of customers for improved livelihood resilience. This study aims to examine how the livelihood resilience of fishermen can be increased through the potential of a blockchain, in a fishing community in the coastal village of Alappad in Kerala, India. Thematic analysis of data acquired from 43 semi-structured qualitative interviews and participatory rural appraisal tools revealed five categories of challenges: business cost and profitability, government regulations, low education and digital illiteracy, socio-cultural limitations, and over-dependence on middlemen as inhibitors to fishermen's livelihoods. The study proposes a blockchain-based e-commerce framework to mitigate selected challenges that emerged due to a lack of trust and transparency in the local fish market. It contributes to rural development by exploring an innovative, solution aligned with five UN Sustainable Development Goals, in contrast to the Business-as-usual approach in offering technological solutions.

Involvement of two major vectors of malaria, Anopheles gambiae Giles and An nili Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae), in Plasmodium falciparum transmission of two coastal villages of Côte d’Ivoire

Involvement of two major vectors of malaria, Anopheles gambiae Giles and An nili Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae), in Plasmodium falciparum transmission of two coastal villages of Côte d’Ivoire