Montenegro Coast Research Articles

Aleppo pine defense against Sphaeropsis sapinea, Cronartium flaccidum and other fungal pathogens in the Mediterranean part of Montenegro

Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) is the most widely disturbed conifer tree in native forest and plantations throughout the Adriatic coast of Montenegro. However, pathogenic fungi in the region are extremely diversified and constitute the principal threat to healthy tree growth: 15 pathogenic fungal species have beden identified in the Eumediterranean zone - a typical habitat of Aleppo pine, whereas 21 fungal pathogens occurred in northern Submediterranean zone - an atypical habitat for Aleppo pine in Montenegro. Greatest damages are inflicted by Sphaeropsis sapinea, a pathogenic generalist on pine, and Cronartium flaccidum, causal agent of rust disease on pine. The following relates, for the first time, the presence of hypersensitive response (HR) in young needles and shoots (organs rich in nitrogen) as a specific defense mechanism in Aleppo pine against Sphaeropsis sapinea, an otherwise very harmful pathogen for Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) and other pines in the Mediterranean part of Montenegro. Thus, better understanding of the ecology of S. sapinea, of C. flaccidum, as well as of associated mycobiota and mechanisms of host defense are essential for establishing measures and tools for protection of Aleppo pine ecosystems.

The New Ecological Issue off the Coast of Montenegro: An Algae Invasion. An Opportunity for Regional Cooperation?

This article aims to explore briefly the characteristics of Caulerpa racemosa, a species of algae that has recently introduced itself to the Montenegrin coast, as well as the potential threat of a more aggressive variety, Caulerpa taxifolia. The algae location and identification are detailed, along with elaboration on how the positive public reaction to this new threat may help lead to increased cooperation on such environmental issues, as is evidenced by various forms of national and international projects being developed in the region.

Seismotectonically Active Zones in the Dinarides

Seismotectonically active zones are formed due to displacements of segments of the Adriatic micro-plate that differ in size and in their rate of movement, and by the resistance of the rock masses of the Dinarides. The spatial position of these zones can be determined through the locations of earthquake foci. The zones of seismotectonic activity are then correlated with the most important faults on the surface. The seismotectonically active zones are relatively steeply inclined in the shallowest 10-20 km, which is caused by the oblique contacts between the Adriatic micro-plate and the Dinarides. The zones are curved at depth in many cases, which reflects the compression of the area. Curved parts of the zones are characterised by the greatest pressures and also by the most frequent earthquakes. Mildly inclined zones reflect the reverse displacements in the area, also probably the activity on contacts between rock masses of different density, or the extension of the Adriatic micro-plate subduction. The southern part of the plate is the most active. The greatest pressures caused by these movements occur in the area between Mljet island and Dubrovnik. Therefore the majority of earthquakes, and notably the strongest ones, occur in the area between Split, Imotski, Hvar island and Dubrovnik, as well as along the Montenegro coast in a SE direction.

Parameters and criteria for repair and strengthening of buildings in the old town core of Dubrovnik based on seismic risk analysis

Definition of the seismicity conditions, the design seismic parameters and the seismic risk level are important and inevitable phases ol the complex process of repair and strengthening of existing structures in certain towns located in seismically active areas. These should be studied in all necessary details in order to provide corresponding bases and define the necessary preventive measures against expected strong earthquakes. Such an approach becomes even nlore necessary arter the experience regarding the last catastrophic earthquakes that occurred in Former Yugoslavia (Skopje. Banja Luka, Montenegro coast and Kopaonik) and inflicted heavy losses of human lives and material properties. The old town core of Dubrovnik is known for the large concentration of buildings of enorrnous cultural-historic importance. Considering the high seismic activity of this area. all these buildings are very likely to experience heavy damage and failure. Tlie history of the town records many catastrophic earthquakes that inflicted heavy material losses and loss of human lives. Here, we can rnention the great Dubrovnik earthquake of 1667 and the last Montenegro earthquake of April 15, 1979 with an epicenter in the Ulcinj-Bar area. The consequences of the latter are well known. The purpose of this paper is to present some results and experience gained from the investigations performed for the area of Dubro~nikil lustrated by several examples of buildings existing in the old town core of Dubrovnik.

Study of the Montenegro earthquake sequence (March-July 1979)

abstract Data from more than 80 European seismic stations, concerning foreshocks, the main shock, and aftershocks of the earthquake which occurred near the coast of Montenegro on 15 April 1979, have been collected and analyzed. The data have allowed the focal mechanism of the two strongest shocks to be estimated. The hypocentral coordinates of more than 180 aftershocks and some foreshocks have been also computed, giving the time-space distribution of the sequence. The shocks are mostly contained in an area about 100 km long and 30 km wide, almost corresponding to the Adriatic coast line of the Yugoslavia-Albania border region. The hypocentral depths, although determined approximately, appear to be in the order of 15 to 20 km. The results have been compared with previous knowledge of the tectonics of the zone.

Sur la geologie de la zone littorale du Montenegro; les bouches de Kotor (Yougoslavie); comparaison avec les series helleniques correspondantes

Abstract The autochthonous zone of the Montenegro coast (Yugoslavia) is correlative with the Gavrovo zone of Greece, and the overthrust Cukali zone of Yugoslavia with the Pindus zone of Greece. The paleogeographic and structural consequences of this correlation are examined.