Coal Trade Research Articles

Węgiel kamienny a międzynarodowy handel morski

2. Baltic and International Maritime Council – BIMCO [Online] www.bimco.org [Accessed: 2018-07-02]. Google Scholar

Emissions abating technology adoption in a coal trading network

This paper demonstrates that an investment decision such as the acquisition of a new technology that affects a particular asset is associated with the dynamic trading network of this asset. Therefore, the exogenous variables of this trading network can be used to identify the determinant factors of the investment decision and their final effect on the dynamic trading network. Using a coal trading network among the different US states between 1990 and 2005, this research studies the factors that affect the corporate strategies to adopt emission abating technology. Typically, these companies improve their processes and equipment to lower emissions, pay the news costs of emissions, or use less contaminating low-sulfur coal (high-quality inputs). Efficiency increases when more sub-bituminous coal is used because of its lower level of emissions in comparison with bituminous coal and when the electric power sector is deregulated. This research indicates that firms select strategies that simultaneously control emissions and minimizes costs. The firms reduce their pollution using higher-quality inputs (sub-bituminous coal), investing in new emission abating technology or a combination of both approaches.

William Brown’s giant Tyneside engines

William Brown – a distinguished but forgotten engineer. The coal trade from Newcastle: landsale, export and seasale. Brown’s training and early experience of Newcomen engines. The challenge of the Tyne Basin. Winning Walker Colliery. Shiremoor Colliery – Humble’s difficulties. Bell and Brown buy shares and build large Newcomen engines. Winning Willington Colliery – use of recycled material. William Gibson’s account of building and operating the engines. Practical problems of moving heavy loads. Temperamental nature of the early engines. Types of engines. Party for winning the colliery. Browns needs to be placed on a par with the other great engineers of the late eighteenth century – his friends and associates.

МЕСТО РОССИИ НА МИРОВОМ РЫНКЕ УГЛЯ

The current situation in the global coal market, based on data for the last few years and the place of Russia in this market is described. The main provisions of the state policy of the Russian Federation, the volume and direction of foreign trade in coal, the prospects and forecasts of the world coal market are considered. The relevance of the topic is determined by the severity of the problems of world energy supply and changes in the position of the Russian Federation in international coal trade as a result of the active formation of new world coal centers.

Elizabeth Montagu: "A Critick, a Coal Owner, a Land Steward, a Sociable Creature"

In the eighteenth century, the Northumberland and Durham coalfield was the largest and most technically advanced in the world, and the Montagu family played a major role in its affairs. Elizabeth Montagu was one of several female coal owners, and the Montagus' East Denton Colliery was an important coal mine on Tyneside. Using principally the records of the mining engineers, this essay charts the development of the mine under Elizabeth and Edward Montagu; in so doing it provides a detailed study of the coal industry on Tyneside at this period. Hopefully, this will aid scholars in understanding many of the Montagus' letters. The essay also evaluates Elizabeth Montagu's position in relation to the Wortley branch of the Montagu family and to other coal owners in the region; finally, it assesses the role played by women in the management of the Tyneside coal trade and determines whether Elizabeth Montagu's position was unique. In "'The Commerce of Life': Elizabeth Montagu (1718–1800)," ed. Nicole Pohl, special issue, http://muse.jhu.edu/issue/39838/print

Fuel as a Factor in Canadian Transport: Energy Capital and Communication Theory

Background Established in 1849, the Fort Rupert coal settlement represented a departure in the Hudson’s Bay Company’s mode of colonial wealth accumulation on Vancouver Island. Company officials failed, however, to appreciate basic differences in the new mode of accumulation, including the importance of transportation to capitalist mineral extraction.Analysis This article accomplishes three things: it retrieves foundational theories of transportation and commodity circulation once popular in communication studies, provides a documentary account of coal mining and the coal trade in the mid-nineteenth-century eastern Pacific, and articulates a theory of capitalist energy consumption.Conclusion and implications The culminating theory of energy capital positions the extraction and circulation of fuel within Canadian communication studies through a transportation-focused approach to communication.

Toward opening a new route for coal trading: a case study on a Bangladeshi SME

Study level/applicability Undergraduate/Masters/MBA. Case overview Anamika Enterprise Limited (AEL) is an export-import company founded in 1988. Today, AEL primarily imports coal from India which it then sells to customers in Bangladesh. However, a recent ban on coal mining in the Indian state of Meghalaya has created a huge problem for AEL. It is now considering opening trade routes to China and Indonesia. For that, it will need to consider both the short- and long-term factors related to its decision. It will need to take into consideration the cultural, economic and social factors in all three countries and trade accordingly. Tariff barriers and transportation costs will be a problem for AEL in the short run but in the long run, that may be overcome because of the experience effect arising from international business. Information and communication technology is also expected to have a huge impact. Expected learning outcomes Students are expected to learn the challenges of running international business in the real world and ways to overcome these challenges. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 5: International Business.

Seasonal work and welfare in an early industrial town: Newcastle upon Tyne, 1600–1700

AbstractThe port of Newcastle upon Tyne in north-east England was transformed in the seventeenth century by the rapid expansion of its coal trade, which demanded an influx of industrial transport workers known as ‘keelmen’. This article assesses wages, perks and the seasonal distribution of income for this growing group of workers, estimating that their real income rose until about 1680, before tailing off again. They were comparatively well paid, but their work was inconsistent and seasonal. The number of days' work available was crucial to welfare in Newcastle, as were a series of formal and informal measures intended to relieve winter poverty and maintain a year-round workforce. Combining quantitative and qualitative evidence, this article offers a north-eastern industrial perspective on English living standards debates that still tend to be dominated by south-eastern building and agricultural labourers.

Financialization and Value-based Control: Lessons from the Australian Mining Supply Chain

abstractLead firms operate on multiple scales, and although their corporate functions may be globally organized, they are anchored in various territories through the formation of relations with local suppliers, some of whom have specialized knowledge, capabilities, or technologies that are essential to the lead firms’ business activities. Global value chain and global production network analyses have recognized that financialization is increasingly driving the way that lead firms coordinate their relationships with supplier firms. The contribution of this article is to unpack the mechanisms that lead firms adopt to govern their supply chains in the context of financialization and the implications this has for the territorial embeddedness of lead firms. The boom–bust cycle of mining, arising from massive fluctuations in global commodity prices, provides a revealing context in which to explore the changing agendas of financial markets and their implications for lead firm connections to territory. This article examines the mechanisms lead firms use to coordinate relations with local suppliers in the Queensland coal industry, which accounts for 50 percent of international trade in metallurgical coal and which has evolved in the context of the most recent boom–bust cycle of global coal prices.

Supplier Relationship Management of Coal Trading Center on Perspective of Supply Chain Platform

Coal trading center is the coal supply chain platform that aggregate coal producer and coal dealer as seller, logistics and fund firms as service providers, and coal users as final clients. This paper use supply chain platform theory to analysis supplier relationship management of coal trading center, it believes coal trading center is the core firm of supply chain platform and various service providers is suppliers of the supply chain platform, supplier relationship management should use CRM system and have a close-loose classification of suppliers according to the service providing capabilities on the coal trading center platform.

The storage location problem in a coal supply chain: background and methodological approach

Abstract In order to achieve two main objectives: (1) reduce risk and (2) increase the expected rate of return on invested capital, coal mining and coal trading companies have looked for new ways to improve their supply chain networks. Developments in the supply chain design and analysis have helped coal mining and coal trading companies expand their businesses, but at the same time, have forced them to consolidate their assets and downsize any underused storage facilities. In the coal mining industry, the problem of consolidation and downsizing becomes much more complicated due to the variety in quality parameters (hence many coal grades) involved, locational zones and different number of market players. Furthermore, for the last decade, the storage allocation and assignment problem has received a great deal of attention within the Logistics and Operation Research (OR) area. Yet, little attention has been given to the modeling of coal supply chains and the issue of strategic supply chain planning of coal-producing and coal-trading companies. Similar to the generic warehouse consolidation problem (WCP), in specific cases of coal-producing and coal-trading companies, storage facilities that are redundant or underutilized can be eliminated without causing a negative impact on customer and service levels. In this context, this paper discusses the background of the problem and proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model mainly intended for storage and distribution network reconfiguration of a coal-producing or trading company. The model, which can be implemented in a high-level mathematical modelling system such as GAMS or AIMMS, captures the essential methodological features of a warehouse restructuring and/or consolidation problem and can be applied in practice.

From Mining to Post-Mining: The Sustainable Development Strategy of the German Hard Coal Mining Industry

By the end of the 1950s, the German coal mining industry produced 150 million tons of hard coal per year in 170 collieries with 600,000 employees. At that time, 70% of the primary energy demand of the Federal Republic of Germany was covered by domestic coal. Since the advance of oil, later of natural gas, in the world energy market and with the growth of world coal trade, domestic coal stood under a long-term restructuring pressure. This decision required a new strategy for the coal mining industry. Now German coal mining will be strictly finalized and will be prepared for the post-mining era. Within a sustainability strategy the long-term impacts of mining activities before and after the mine closures concerning the environmental, economic and social dimensions will be analyzed systematically and forward-looking.

The discoverer of the Donetsk coal

The analysis of archival documents and literature on early discovery and commercial development of the Donetsk coal basin. The role of the population of Eastern Ukraine and local elites in learning first coal deposits. Opening of Donbass coal - much politicized issue in the Soviet era. Modern analysis of archival documents and literary sources, summarizing data on coal discovery reveals that the following: - Most likely, the population of Eastern Ukraine-Rus (later - land Zaporizhian Sich) opened the Donbas coal availability empirically - through practical collisions to the XVIII century. - At the beginning of the XVIII century. search for coal in the Donbas intensified due to the salt pans - evaporation of salt water and Tor and Bahmutskiy lakes and wells for brine sampling. In 1721, Nikita Vepreyskyy - Managing Bahmutskiy salt mines, landrat, nobleman and Simon Chirkov - Bahmutskiy fortress commandant took samples of coal in two places - in the tract Skelevate and on the White river. Coal samples were sent to St. Petersburg in the Mining College (received 20 January 1722). Their tests showed high quality coal. The first coal trade was organized in 1723 by the same M. Vepreyskyy and S.Chirkov. In the coal mining and fishing during August - September 1723 were about 200 people unemployed. Coal is found using both the salt and in the forge - it was the first mine and the first industrial use of coal Donbass. Priority official opening of coal Vepreyskyy and Chirkov official confirmed reports of special expedition leader G. Nixon to the Mining Board (from May 25, 1725). - Ore maker G. Kapustin not related to the discovery of coal in the Donbas. According to official reports mentioned a special expedition leader G. Nixon H.Kapustin was not even in the Donbass. Start the industrial Donbass in the second half and especially the end of the XVIII century. and is closely linked to the needs of uncovered new deposits of coal and mass for the purposes of the first Black Sea Fleet steamer, and then - for use in the metallurgical process. A special role in the industrial development of Donbass coal and steel as the region played a Scottish engineer Charles (Charles) Gascoyn (1737 - 1806), director at the time the largest in the world Karronsky Ironworks. All mines, mines and geological party Donbass were attributed to the Lugansk plant and report directly K. Gascoyn. This contributed to the intensive development of the mining industry in the region.

Shipping in Dire Straits: New Evidence on Trends and Cycles in Coal Freights from Britain, 1919-1939

New monthly freight rate indices for 13 coal trade routes from Britain 1919-1939 are presented. The new indices form the basis of a review of the interwar freight markets and their relationship to the timing and severity of general business cycles. New time series of laid-up tonnage provide the background for this discussion. The Great Depression starting in the autumn of 1929 created a shipping cycle of unusual length and severity. Real freight rate indices used as a cross-check on productivity gains in shipping raise some doubt on previous estimates of productivity growth in British shipping in the interwar years.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF COAL IN INDIA: TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND MEASURES FOR ACHIEVING TRADE BALANCE

Coal is one of the most important sources of electricity and energy in Indian economy. India is world’s third largest producer of coal yet it imports coal from different countries to meet its domestic requirement. With negligible amount of exports, it has resulted in trade deficit problems for Indian economy.
 This paper attempts to examine the burning issue of “International trade of coal in India: trends, challenges and suggestions for Improvement “from different perspectives. Accordingly the existing literature on the subject has been reviewed with topics ranging from coal exports and imports to illegal mining, clean technology and new ways to improve the quality of coal. The objective of the paper is to find reasons for huge imports and low exports of coal with a view to achieve trade balance. To conclude, it can be said that there are many unexplored areas which researchers can take up in future in order to achieve trade balance of coal.

Features and evolution of international fossil fuel trade network based on value of emergy

Fossil fuel is crucial to the development of modern society. The major types of fossil fuel are coal, crude oil and natural gas. The uneven distribution of the production and consumption of fossil fuel makes the fossil fuel flows between countries by international trade. This study aims to quantitatively analyse the features and evolution of the international trade of fossil fuel by complex network and emergy. We transform the trade quantity of coal, crude oil and natural gas into emergy by transformity and the sum of the three emergies is the emergy of fossil fuel. The complex network models of the integrated fossil fuel trade as well as the trade of coal, crude oil and natural gas are built up based on the value of emergy. We analyse the trade relationships, trade quantity, trade density, and hierarchy structure of the networks.We find that the number of trade relationships and the trade quantities follow the power law distribution; countries with many export relationships tend to have many import relationships; the centralization of trade quantity is becoming more intense for fossil fuel, crude oil and coal, but less intense for natural gas; the pattern of top relationships is diversified; the trade density of fossil fuel is increasing; and countries with more than 20 trade relationships tend to have a hierarchy structure. Our findings implicate that as the hierarchy structure is becoming more ordered, the statuses of the countries are clearer, and thus it is easier for policy makers to identify the roles of their own countries or the roles of other countries. Coal is the “cheapest” fuel measuring by “energy cost” and is the most widely traded type of fossil fuel. When two countries exchange fossil fuel and money in the international trade, they should look further into the energy cost of them and reconsider the effectiveness of the trade. Our study can also reveal the trade strategy of the countries.

Refining the Steam Coaster: Scotland's contribution

This article explores the origins and development of a small but significant type of merchant ship, the bulk-carrying steam coaster. They were built in considerable numbers, made an important contribution to industrialization, and their design is largely perpetuated in modern motor coasters, but they have not been well served by shipping historians. An analysis is presented of the size, builders and ownership of all known steam coasters built for British owners from 1850 to 1880. From the data gathered it is argued that this type of ship, developed mainly to serve trades on the British west coast, was distinct from the screw collier introduced to the east coast coal trade in the 1850s, although some characteristics were shared. The steam coaster needed to be smaller and hence more efficient than the screw collier, and became economic only following significant technological improvements to engines and hulls. The findings reveal the importance of yards in the west of Scotland in the development of these vessels, and the part played by Scottish ship owners who patronized these yards.

Energy efficiency and steam coal transport over long distances

Coal is one of the most important energy sources in the world. Its main consumers are the energy sector (with a 37-46% share in the years 1990-2014; 1.12-2.34 billion toe) and industry (24-27%; 0.78-1.38 billion toe). Diversified distribution of coal deposits in the world in relation to its consumers means that it has to be transported over often very long distances. The global coal trade is dominated by maritime transport (90-94% in the years 2004-2014), and the share of transport by land is relatively smaller. The aim of the article was to calculate the index describing what part of the energy contained in the coal transported on a particular route is consumed by the train carrying it. Due to the dominant position of the Russian Federation in imports of coal to Poland, it was assumed that coal will be imported by rail from Kuzbass (Russia's largest coal basin). As a result of the calculation, it was found that the rate of energy consumption for transport of imported coal will be somewhere in the range of 9.22-15.26%. In the case of deliveries of hard coal from Polish producers to the power plants the calculated rate changes within the range of 0.55-0.58%.

The impact of TTIP agreement on the European Union-United States coal trade potential

The main aim of the paper is to assess the impact of currently negotiated TTIP agreement (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership) on the use of hard coal in the EU and the US. Hard coal is the most important fuel in global electricity generation. This also applies to the United States, a leading manufacturer and exporter of this energy source. The US coal is exported to the EU market. The article presents the estimated exports of hard coal from the US to the EU. Due to the fact that price has a major impact on the size of exports, the paper presents the estimated prices, including freight costs, of power coal for the analyzed scenarios. According to one scenario, the US and European prices will be equalized (including freight costs) by 2020, while from 2025 on the comparative advantage and competitiveness of the US hard coal will decrease. Taking into account the fact that the export of coal from the United States is free from customs duties, the acceptance of TIPP should not affect the currently existing trade between the two continents and the amount of exported coal. Nevertheless, the question of hard coal economy cannot be separated from other sectors of the energy market, which can be significantly affected by the future agreement.

Dynamic steam coal market integration: Evidence from rolling cointegration analysis

The aim of the paper is twofold: first, to assess the dynamics of the integration process of the international steam coal prices and, second, to investigate the changes in the roles of particular coal prices in this market in the light of changes in the structure of supply and demand. The analysis is based on steam coal prices set by the largest world exporters and importers on both the Atlantic and the Pacific markets. We use weekly data spanning from October 5, 2001 to March 28, 2014. The aim is achieved in two stages. During the first one, we use the rolling trace test to identify the integration of the steam coal market, and during the second one, we apply the rolling weak exogeneity test to determine the roles of the participants of the international steam coal market, namely price setters and price takers. Our main findings can be summarized in two observations. Firstly, the main world steam coal prices are integrated and during the period when freight costs are higher, the coal market integration is weaker, and when the costs are lower, the integration is stronger. Secondly, the role of particular coal prices is not stable in time. Generally, price setters appear in the market which covers greater shares in the physical coal trade. Although Indonesia and Russia have a great share in the global export, their prices remain price takers during the whole period. As a consequence, although Russia remains the largest coal exporter of the steam coal to the European market, it cannot dictate its prices in this market.