Coal-fired Power Plants Research Articles

A flue gas velocimeter based on the hyperbolic chirp modulation method of acoustic source signal

Accurate measurement of flue gas velocity is of great significance for the safe production, energy saving, and emission reduction of coal-fired power plants. In this paper, a method of flue gas velocimetry based on a hyperbolic chirp-modulating acoustic source was proposed, and its superiority was verified by numerical simulations and field experiments. For an acoustic velocimeter, it is crucial to ensure the accuracy of the acoustic Time-of-Flight (TOF), which directly affects the flue gas velocity measurements. The improvement of the accuracy of estimation of the TOF directly determines the accuracy of the flue gas velocity measurement. Simulation on the different types of acoustic sources at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) was conducted, and the results proved that the hyperbolic chirp signal is more accurate in the measurement of TOF. In the strong noise range of − 10 dB to − 20 dB, the average relative root mean square error (RRMSE) obtained using this hyperbolic chirp modulating acoustic source is 0.60 dB and 0.36 dB lower than obtained using the linear and logarithmic modulating modes, respectively. The average relative error (RE) is approximately 0.87 times that of the linear chirp. Power plant flue field experiments show that the measurement error using this hyperbolic modulating mode is about 0.52 times and 0.74 times that of using linear and logarithmic modulating modes, respectively. In harsh measurement environments with strong noise, the proposed acoustic source modulation scheme can significantly improve the measurement SNR and effectively enhance the accuracy and robustness of flue gas velocimetry.

Performance Analysis of an Efficient Integration System of Coal-Fired Power Plant, Solar Thermal Energy and CO2 Capture

Performance Analysis of an Efficient Integration System of Coal-Fired Power Plant, Solar Thermal Energy and CO2 Capture

Characterisation of different types of power plant ashes as potential lunar regolith simulants

Ashes from various Polish coal-fired power plants were analysed in this investigation as the source material for preparing simulants of lunar regolith. The chemical and phase constituents were the most important parameters used to describe these ashes. The second parameter was particle size and morphology, specifically characterising technological properties such as flowability or density. The final element of the investigation was related to the characterisation of thermal properties. Differential thermal analysis yields information on phase transitions, melting temperatures and other characteristic temperatures of stimulants. Thermogravimetry with Fourier transform infrared analysis provides information on evolved gas species and their evolution temperature profiles.

Numerical simulation of the co-firing of pulverized coal and eucalyptus wood in a 1000MWth opposed wall-fired boiler

Currently, coal-fired coupled biomass power generation is widely regarded as a primary method for reducing carbon emissions in coal-fired power plants. This research investigates the co-firing of biomass in an opposed wall-fired boiler and the implementation of air-staged combustion technology using numerical simulation approaches. The study examines the impact of various air methods of distribution and blending ratios on combustion properties and NOx emissions. The findings demonstrate that the abrasive wear of fuel particles on the platen superheater is decreased by the addition of biomass to the fuel mix. Furthermore, a drop in the furnace chamber's overall temperature is the outcome of raising the blending ratio. Different blending ratios have their own adapted air distribution methods. At blending ratios of 10% and 30%, the W-type air distribution exhibits the lowest NOx outlet concentrations of 231.84 mg/Nm3 and 220.6 mg/Nm3, respectively. Moreover, the W-type air distribution shows the highest burnup rates of 98.74% and 98.43% at these blending ratios. This suggests that it is feasible to change the burner monolayer air distribution and combine it with co-firing of biomass technology to achieve low NOx and efficient operation of a hedge-fired boiler.

Natural draft direct dry cooling system performance at various application scales under windless and windy conditions

The natural draft direct dry cooling system (NDDDCS) presents a promising alternative to conventional forced draft air-cooled condensers (ACCs) and indirect natural draft dry cooling systems, overcoming their limitations by efficiently condensing process steam directly and passively. The NDDDCS achieves superior thermal efficiencies while reducing system complexities, operational costs, and auxiliary power consumption. Potential reductions in operational expenses for the system may offset initial capital investments, resulting in lower lifetime costs. While research to date has focused on large-scale NDDDCS performance under varying wind conditions, this work addresses a critical gap by investigating the system’s scalability for various applications, including a large-scale coal-fired power plant (900 MWt, 165 m total height), a medium-scale concentrated solar power plant (CSP) (100 MWt, 65 m total height), and a small-scale water desalination plant (1 MWt, 11.5 m total height) under both windless and windy conditions. To achieve this, a steady-state 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed, validated and scaled, incorporating innovative features such as an atmospheric pressure gradient and the ability to capture reversed flows through the system’s heat exchangers. Additionally, the model assesses inlet air temperature data at a per-cell resolution, enabling the ability to predict non-uniform temperature distributions in the heat exchangers, including hot-spots caused by airflow recirculation. Analysis of velocity and temperature fields across all scales reveals that recirculation effects negatively impact NDDDCS performance, particularly at the middle circumferential heat exchanger sector. The hyperbolic shape of the tower shell induces internal recirculation zones and reduces the effective flow volume. Under windy conditions, performance losses of 44%, 40%, and 40% are observed at crosswind speeds of 3 m/s, 6 m/s, and 9 m/s for small, medium, and large-scale towers, respectively. Beyond these speeds, the relationship between system performance and draft driving potential becomes non-linear due to crosswind effects dominating. Furthermore, a novel effect is identified at wind speeds of 9 m/s, 15 m/s, and 18 m/s for small, medium, and large-scale systems, respectively, where an inflection point allows for system performance recovery. This study underscores the NDDDCS’s potential as a cooling solution for modern power cycles across various scales, while highlighting the implications of scaling the system for medium- and small-scale thermal applications.

Low-carbon fuel reburning for CO2 and NOx reduction in pulverized coal firing system

Using low- or zero-carbon fuels is necessary to reduce CO2 emissions. Gas reburning technology can be applied to existing coal boilers to reduce not only CO2 but also NOx emissions. In this study, we confirmed the gas reburning effect using lab-scale equipment based on the consumption coal used in real-scale boilers, with the aim of practical application. Bituminous coal was used as the reference fuel, and sub-bituminous coal was blended to determine whether coal blending has an effect on NOx emissions. This was conducted to optimize the coal blending ratio and gas reburning technology for NOx emission reduction and quantify the NOx reduction by the two methods. Blending sub-bituminous coal reduced the unburned carbon (UBC) content, because of its high volatile matter content. Moreover, NOx emissions decreased as the ratio of sub-bituminous coal increased. In terms of the reburning effect, although UBCs increased with the addition of methane, NOx emission decreased by up to 96.05 %. The conversion ratio, defined as the NOx formation ratio of the total fuel N injection, was used to separate the NOx reduction effects of the two methods. Thus, gas reburning in the ammonia co-firing system of coal-fired power plants can significantly reduce NOx emissions.

Replacing Fossil-Fueled Combined Heat and Power Plants with Malta’s Pumped Heat Energy Storage Technology to Provide Clean Power and District Heat

This study analyzes the potential integration of a 100 MWel, 36-hour Malta Pumped Heat Energy Storage (PHES) system into the district heating network of the city of Hamburg, Germany, using energy from a nearby offshore wind farm that would otherwise be curtailed to charge the system. Publicly available data showing the times when curtailment instructions were given by the transmission system operator were used to determine the hours during which the storage system should be charged. Malta’s proprietary hourly performance model was used to simulate the behavior and performance of different plant configurations. It was shown that this configuration could avoid the curtailment of 227 GWhel of wind energy per year. The study showed that the system could provide 117 GWhel of electricity to the grid, as well as 72 GWhth of thermal energy for Hamburg’s district heating network, during periods where less renewable energy was available. This system could reduce the annual CO2 emissions by 101,400 tonnes compared to the coal-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plant that it would replace.

Application of MOFs-membrane in post-combustion carbon capture for electricity and thermal energy plants

Greenhouse gas emission typically carbon dioxide which result to global warming is becoming a very acute issue to human society. In order to achieve a sustainable development and society, various approaches to reduce carbon emission have been investigated and applied to industry where the majority of carbon emission happens in recent decays. Carbon capture is one of the key ways to address the emission and widely applied to coal-fired power plants. However, typically carbon capture process requires high energy input during the absorption and desorption process with lead to a low net carbon captured rate and high cost of operation. Materials with low energy penalty and high carbon affinity is desired to address this problem. In this research, a more advanced material, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), for carbon capture under post combustion condition is introduced and evaluated from single material and cooperating with mixed-matrix-membranes to achieve membrane separation. Furthermore, MOFs are usually lack of stability and CO2/H2O selectivity. CALF-20 as the solution to these problems will be introduced later.

A Hybrid Soft Sensor Model for Measuring the Oxygen Content in Boiler Flue Gas.

As an indispensable component of coal-fired power plants, boilers play a crucial role in converting water into high-pressure steam. The oxygen content in the flue gas is a crucial indicator, which indicates the state of combustion within the boiler. The oxygen content not only affects the thermal efficiency of the boiler and the energy utilization of the generator unit, but also has adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, accurate measurement of the flue gas's oxygen content is of paramount importance in enhancing the energy utilization efficiency of coal-fired power plants and reducing the emissions of waste gas and pollutants. This study proposes a prediction model for the oxygen content in the flue gas that combines the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Among them, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) was used to optimize the learning rate, the number of hidden layers, and the regularization coefficients of the long short-term memory (LSTM). The data used in this study were obtained from a 350 MW power generation unit in a coal-fired power plant to validate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model. The simulation results demonstrated that the whale optimization algorithm-long short-term memory (WOA-LSTM) model achieved an MAE of 0.16493, an RMSE of 0.12712, an MAPE of 2.2254%, and an R2 value of 0.98664. The whale optimization algorithm-long short-term memory (WOA-LSTM) model demonstrated enhancements in accuracy compared with the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), long short-term memory (LSTM), particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector machine (PSO-LSSVM), and particle swarm optimization-long short-term memory (PSO-LSTM), with improvements of 4.93%, 4.03%, 1.35%, and 0.49%, respectively. These results indicated that the proposed soft sensor model exhibited more accurate performance, which can meet practical requirements of coal-fired power plants.

Techno-Economic Assessment for the Best Flexible Operation of the CO2 Removal Section by Potassium Taurate Solvent in a Coal-Fired Power Plant

Alternative solvents based on aqueous solutions of amino acids have been recently developed as possible substitutes for Mono Ethanol Amine (MEA) for CO2 removal from flue gas streams. The potassium taurate solvent has the advantages of degradation resistance, low toxicity and low energy requirements for its regeneration. With any type of solvent, CO2 removal applied to a power production plant decreases the revenues obtained from selling electricity because of the energy requirements. Operating the CO2 removal section in flexible mode avoids significant effects on the profits of the power plant, while accomplishing environmental regulations. This work is the first journal paper focusing on the application in flexible mode of the potassium taurate system for treating a flue gas stream from a 500 MW coal-fired power plant. Techno-economic evaluations are performed to determine the best operating conditions considering the variation in the electricity demand and its price, and different values of carbon tax. In the summer period, with high electricity prices and demands, carbon tax values between 45 EUR/tCO2 and 60 EUR/tCO2 favor CO2 absorption in the flexible mode, without periods of full CO2 emissions during the day.

Industrial application and numerical simulation on discrete dynamics of fine particulate matters: Condensational growth, deposition and agglomeration

The removal effects of multiple discrete dynamic mechanisms on particulate matters (PMs) are of great significance for industrial application and basic research. In this work, a wet phase transition agglomerator (WPTA) is installed between a wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) and a stack at a 280 t/h coal-fired power plant. The removal effects of the WPTA are compared with those of the WESP by field measurement. Meanwhile, a numerical model for predicting particle size distributions is developed and verified through the experimental data. The results indicate that the WPTA reduces the emission concentrations of PM1 and PM2.5 to 0.64 mg/Nm3 and 0.89 mg/Nm3, respectively. The PM1 removal efficiencies for the independent WPTA, the independent WESP and the combined method are 33.07 %, 40.31 % and 58.36 %, respectively. The microscopic morphologies of the fine PMs in the particle size range of 0.98–1.64 μm exhibit blocky, spherical and crystal structure. The simulated errors of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 are 7.81 %, 7.87 % and 12.27 %, respectively. The boundary layers of the tube bundle are conducive to strengthening thermophoretic force and supersaturation. Consequently, the WPTA can effectively replace the WESP to achieve the emission control of fine PMs in industrial applications. The developed numerical model can accurately predict the particle size distributions in the WPTA.

The Coal Quality CICS that Increases the Wear Resistance of Heat Exchanger Tubes

The paper discusses the threat of decommissioning of the thermal power plant (TPP) heat exchanger tubes because of erosion and develops a computer-integrated control system (COAL QUALITY CICS THAT INCREASES THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES) for the process of distribution of steam coal flows with different indicators of abrasive materials content, which is based on fuzzy logic. The problem of rapid decommissioning of TPP heat exchanger, particularly abrasive damage to furnace screen tubes, economizer, superheater, etc. This may indicate a discrepancy between the expected fuel ash content and the actual one, as well as a high content of abrasive impurities in steam coal. The work aims to develop a CICS of the wear resistance of the heat exchange surface of a steam boiler of a coal-fired power plant by measuring and fuzzy control of the content of abrasive impurities in steam coal. The problems of damage to the equipment of the TPP boiler are investigated and a system for controlling the wear resistance of the surface by automatic fuzzy control of the quality of coal is developed. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy controller, the results were investigated in a specific example, in particular, during coal preparation and combustion in the furnace of a thermal power plant. The model results confirm the feasibility of the fuzzy control method for the system with different coal quality parameters.

Energy Management Assessment through Case Study in Coal Handling System of Coal-Fired Power Plant

Coal Handling System (CHS) is the main system of Coal Fired Power Plant (CFPP), managing coal transportation from Vessel by Ship Unloader to coal yard through belt conveyor (BC) and Stacker/Reclaimer (S/R), then transported to Silo, known as forwarding process. CHS involves various large electric motors. The unwisdom of operating these motors would result in wasteful electrical energy consumption. To assess the energy management, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) provides Energy Management System (EnMS) tools based on ISO 50001 industrial sectors. This tool identifies that operational patterns and maintenance activities have a significant impact on the energy consumption. Technically using Integrated SKF Calculation, applying the scenario of direct replacement conveyor rollers aged more than 2 years by only 30%, saves 103,144.20 kWH per cycle, equal to IDR 102,807,951, rather than replacing rollers when broken only. Meanwhile, Lean Six Sigma concept in increasing cycle performance, could save a monthly 594,984 kWH, equal to IDR 593,044,189.

Life cycle assessment of post-combustion carbon capture and storage for the ultra-supercritical pulverized coal power plant

In this paper, different emerging post-combustion technologies, i.e., monoethanolamine (MEA), aqueous ammonia, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), temperature swing adsorption (TSA), membrane and calcium looping, were applied to an ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plant for carbon capture. A ‘cradle-to-grave’ life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the technical performance and environmental impacts of the power plant with six emerging carbon capture technologies. Carbon capture significantly influences the impact categories directly associated with flue gas emission. The application of carbon capture reduced the GWP in the range of 49–75 %. TAP also reduced in the range of 18–51 %. However, the human toxicity potential, eutrophication potential, ecotoxicity potential and particulate matter formation potential increased due to energy and resource consumption in the upstream and downstream processes. For the life cycle water consumption potential, it decreased by 8 % with calcium looping, whereas it increased in the range of 36–75 % with other post-combustion technologies. The highest reduction in GWP and the least reduction in power efficiency was observed in calcium looping because of the high-temperature heat recovery from flue gas and elimination of complex solvent manufacturing. The plant with aqueous ammonia and membrane separation had the second and third highest reductions in GWP. In addition, the lowest values for TAP, FEP, and MEP were obtained in the membrane system. With MEA for CO2 capture, the total GWP value of the plant is slightly higher than these three technologies mentioned above, and the highest HTPc, FETP, and METP can be observed in this case. TSA and PSA have the most significant environmental impacts in most categories due to higher energy requirements.

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in desulfurized seawater discharged from a coal-fired power plant in Qingdao.

Despite the prevalence of discharge of large volumes of heavy-metal-bearing seawater from coal-fired power plants into adjacent seas, studies on the associated ecological risks remain limited. This study continuously monitored concentrations of seven heavy metals (i.e. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in surface seawater near the outfall of a coal-fired power plant in Qingdao, China over three years. The results showed average concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn of 2.63, 0.33, 2.97, 4.63, 0.008, 0.85, and 25.00 μg/L, respectively. Given the lack of data on metal toxicity to local species, this study investigated species composition and biomass near discharge outfalls and constructed species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves with biological flora characteristics. Hazardous concentrations for 5% of species (HC5) for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn derived from SSDs constructed from chronic toxicity data for native species were 3.23, 2.22, 0.06, 2.83, 0.66, 4.70, and 11.07 μg/L, respectively. This study further assessed ecological risk of heavy metals by applying the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Joint Probability Curve (JPC) based on long-term heavy metal exposure data and chronic toxicity data for local species. The results revealed acceptable levels of ecological risk for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, but unacceptable levels for Cr, Cu, and Zn. The order of studied heavy metals in terms of ecological risk was Cr > Cu ≈ Zn > As > Cd ≈ Pb > Hg. The results of this study can guide the assessment of ecological risk at heavy metal contaminated sites characterized by relatively low heavy metal concentrations and high discharge volumes, such as receiving waters of coal-fired power plant effluents.

Impact of CO2 emissions on the economy of Vinh Tan 4 Extention Thermal Power Plant

The increasing demand for modern living leads to an increasing demand for energy, including electricity. In Vietnam, the issue of electricity shortage has been addressed in the past five years. However, traditional electricity production methods have serious environmental consequences. While countries around the world are gradually closing down coal-fired power plants and switching to environmentally friendly electricity production, according to Vietnam’s recently issued Power Development Plan VIII, the proportion of coal-fired power plants is projected to account for approximately 31% by 2030 in the base-load scenario and around 28% in the high-load scenario. Vinh Tan 4 Extention Thermal Power Plant is part of Vinh Tan Power Plant Complex and was operated in late 2019. The amount of CO2 emissions has been calculated and the impact of CO2 emissions on economic efficiency and the environmental impact of coal-fired power generation has been assessed. This highlights the importance of transitioning to environmentally friendly electricity production methods in Vietnam. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the amount of CO2 emissions from the power plant to assess the emission status and propose appropriate energy conversion methods.

Analysis Stability Of Asphalt Concrete Binder Course (AC-BC) With Fly Ash And Bottom Ash Substitution Material

Fly ash and bottom ash are ash produced from the process of burning coal as a source of energy in the steam generating unit of a coal-fired power plant (PLTU). Bottom ash is ash that forms at the bottom of a coal-burning furnace and settles there. In this research, fly ash is used as filler substitution and bottom ash is used as fine aggregate substitution (sand). The purpose of the study was to obtain a suitable Job Mix Design (JMD) for Asphalt Concrete - Binder Course (AC-BC) with fly ash and bottom ash substitution materials. To determine the effect of optimum asphalt content on the values of stability, flow, Marshall Quotient, VMA, VIM and VFB obtained from result of the Masrhall test. Based on the results of Marshall testing, the results show that Analysis Stability Of Binder Course Asphalt Concrete (AC-BC) With Fly Ash And Bottom Ash Substitution Material produces the highest VMA value of 14.462% and the highest VIM value of -1.88%, meaning that there are many gaps in the mixture containing asphalt so that it becomes waterproof and hermetic. The highest stability and MQ values are stability of 1955.55.34 kg and MQ of 1241.13 kg/mm. The appropriate Job Mix Design (JMD) for Asphalt Concrete - Binder Course (AC-BC) with fly ash and bottom ash substitution materials is the composition of Fly Ash at 0%, 50%, and 60% of the total cement while for the use of Bottom Ash from the total sand at 0%, 50%, and 60%.

Preface

The 6th International Conference on Chemical Engineering, Food and Biotechnology (ICCFB2023) The 6th ICCFB - International Conference on Chemical Engineering, Food and Biotechnology was successfully held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam during September 29th-30th, 2023. The scientific conference was organized by the Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), VNU-HCM, and co-organized by PetroVietnam University.During the 6th ICCFB, the emerging technologies and scientific advancements in the fields of Chemical Engineering, Food and Biotechnology were disseminated. It served as a platform for strengthening partnership between academia and industry. The scientific papers submitted to the conference were categorized into three sections (Sustainability, Green Technology and Process Safety Engineering; Material Sciences, Environmental Engineering; Agriculture, Biotechnology and Food Technology) and carefully reviewed with a double-blind process. All the accepted papers were presented in the conference.The plenary speeches were given to make the conference more productive and precious.• Prof. Nobuyuki Kijima, Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan - What is the major impact of antibiotic-application to agricultural field? • Prof. Won-Chun Oh, Hanseo University, Korea - Recent advances in CO2 reduction applications: progress, challenges and perspectives.• Prof. Suresh Sagadevan, University of Malaya, Malaysia - Nanocomposite photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.• Prof. Sanggono Adisasmito, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia - Energy Transition and Carbon Capture Process for Coal-Fired Power Plants in Indonesia.We thank all distinguished guests, authors, participants for their contributions to make a successful conference and look forward to the 7th ICCFB in 2025.List of Steering Committee and Editors are available in this pdf.

Synergistic Humidification and Chemical Agglomeration to Improve Capturing the Fine Particulate Matter by Electrostatic Precipitator

The wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) overcomes the shortcomings of traditional electrostatic precipitators, such as dust re-entrainment and back corona. It can effectively remove high-specific-resistivity dust, with a good removal effect on PM2.5. It is proposed to adopt chemical agglomeration and humidification agglomeration technology in the wet electrostatic precipitators to achieve ultra-low dust emissions from coal-fired power plants. The results show that the addition of chemical agglomerates, surfactants, and water vapor all affect the dust diameter of coal-fired power plants. After adding sesbania gum (SG), the D50 of dust particles increases from 28.29 μm to 48.22 μm. And the D50 of dust particles is 36.46 μm when spraying 3.6 kg/h water vapor only. With the cooperation of chemical agglomeration agents and water vapor, the dust agglomeration effect and removal efficiency can be further improved. When 10 mg/L SG is synergistically combined with 2.9 kg/h water vapor, the D50 is 64.75 μm, and the dust removal efficiency reaches 97.88%. On this basis, by adding 5 mg/L of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the D50 is 83.06 μm, and the dust removal efficiency increases to 98.62%. The synergistic effect of chemical agglomeration and humidification agglomeration promotes the aggregation of dust from coal-fired power plants. It can improve the removal efficiency of WESP for fine particulate matter but has little impact on the operation of existing equipment. The synergistic effects of multiple agglomeration technologies are also the direction for future research on the removal efficiency of fine particulate matter.

Evaluation of Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Economic Benefits of Livestock Manure based Solid Fuel

Objectives : In the context where the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock manure (LSM) account for more than half of the GHG emissions in the livestock sector, it is necessary to find alternatives to composting due to the decrease in agricultural land. This study aims to calculate the GHG reduction contribution and economic benefits when converting LSM into solid fuel as an alternative to traditional composting.Methods : The study compares the results of converting the entire LSM generated domestically into solid fuel replacing it with hard coal for fuel (HC-F), bituminous coal for raw materials (BC-R), bituminous coal for fuel (BC-F). The GHG reduction contribution is calculated following the domestic GHG inventory methodology, using the IPCC guidelines and the method for calculating carbon emission reduction effects. For the assessment of economic benefits, were evaluated by aggregating the impacts of reducing coal imports and GHG reduction benefits in line with EU-ETS standards. Economic benefits are assessed by combining the effects of avoiding coal imports and the GHG reduction benefits according to the EU-ETS.Results and Discussion : The GHG reduction effect was found to be highest when replacing with HC-F, and this is attributed to the lower heating value and higher GHG emission coefficient of HC-F compared to BC-R, and BC-F, indicating that the substitution with HC-F is most effective in terms of import avoidance. If 20% of the annual coal consumption in 2022 is replaced with solid fuel from LSM, the GHG reduction effects for coal substitution are 1.4% for HC-F, 2.1% for BC-R, and 1.9% for BC-F based on the LSM generation CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from biomass fuel are considered climate-neutral and are excluded from the national total emissions. Solid fuel from LSM serves as an alternative in addressing the GHG generated during the LSM treatment process, contributing to potential reduction. If all generated LSM is replaced with HC-F, BC-R, or BC-F, there are respective GHG reduction effects of 13,193,591 tGHG, 11,320,572 tGHG, and 11,226,331 tGHG.Conclusion In 2018, the livestock sector accounted for approximately 42% of the GHG emissions in the agricultural sector, totaling 9.4 million tCO<sub>2</sub> eq. Assuming the complete conversion of LSM into solid fuel for coal substitution, regardless of the type of coal replaced, it offsets the entire GHG emissions from the agricultural sector. Currently, there is limited demand for the conversion of LSM into solid fuel due to a lack of proof and awareness, but with some coal-fired power plants scheduled for partial shutdown and the government considering energy options for LSM, a promising stage is anticipated in the future for the substitution and expanded use of solid fuel from LSM in place of coal in the coal fuel. Although it may not be possible to entirely replace the coal used in power plants and steel mills with solid fuel from LSM, it can be utilized by increasing the proportion of coal blending. However, even if not reported in the national GHG inventory, the treatment of pollutants generated by solid fuel combustion remains an ongoing challenge. As solid fuel becomes more commonplace in the future, a comprehensive assessment of the entire process, including potential environmental impacts throughout the life cycle, will be necessary to establish a basis for GHG reduction measures.