Cooperative Program Research Articles

ANALISIS PENYALURAN PEMBIAYAAN DAN MODEL PENGEMBANGAN KOPRASI IBNU AFFAN PATANI THAILAND

This study aims to examine the financing distribution system and the development model of the Ibnu Affan Cooperative in Thailand. A qualitative approach with descriptive methods was utilized, involving interviews and documentation as data collection techniques.Based on the analysis conducted, Koperasi Ibnu Affan applies Sharia principles with a focus on transparency. The transparency referred to involves the openness of information and decision-making processes carried out by the cooperative, where the cooperative is able to manage finances openly to both the management and all members, as well as the supervisory board. Furthermore, the welfare of the members is one of the cooperative's main programs aimed at improving the welfare of its members and the community in general. This is achieved through the use of a modern management model that focuses on the application of efficient and professional management principles while considering cooperative values based on democracy, transparency, and solidarity for operational success.

The Agroecological Transition of Farms in the Ecuadorian Andes Through the Lens of the Main Agroecological Structure

ABSTRACTMany sectors of society have urged a transition from modern conventional agriculture to more sustainable alternatives. One of the most frequently mentioned is agroecology, due to its potential to improve soil health, promote agrobiodiversity, food sovereignty, and regenerate ecosystem functions. However, complex systems such as farms demand the transformation of a broad set of characteristics and practices for its transition. These factors are, in turn, conditioned by social, educational, economic, and political factors. Therefore, a clear understanding of the main drivers behind the management of farms is vital for supporting an effective transition. This research applied the main agroecological structure (MAS) methodology, which employs 10 indicators (5 biological, 5 cultural) to evaluate the degree of connectivity of a farm with the landscape, the agrobiodiversity present in living fences and crops, and the practices employed by farmers to support and preserve it. Finally, the MAS methodology gives farms a score from 0 to 100, understood as the degree of development of its agroecological structure, or as the “resilience” of a system in agroecological transition. Measurements were performed in 20 farms with different degrees of agroecological transition, in five locations of the northern‐central Andean region of Ecuador. The farms had a moderately developed structure on average (71.05 over 100), and MAS variation was not correlated to the size of the farm, nor with its degree of connectivity with the surrounding landscape. It was rather significantly related to the geographic location of the study site. One of the main differences between study sites was a more extended prevalence of cooperation and development programs, suggesting a strong connection between the development of agroecological practices and capacity building processes. For this reason, the author proposes that MAS measurements should be complemented with deeper analyses of the capacity‐building background of each site. This study aims to establish a baseline of the MAS in Ecuador, and to provide new tools for monitoring and supporting agroecological transition.

Tobacco Industry CSR activities in Poland between 2020-2023

Abstract Background The tobacco industry has undergone a significant transformation in its approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. Once primarily associated with controversy and criticism due to the health risks associated with tobacco consumption, many tobacco companies have begun to embrace CSR initiatives as a means to mitigate these concerns and demonstrate their commitment to broader societal well-being. Methods Methods were based on the Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index. Between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2023 scoping review of legal basis, Polish media websites, Polish government and local government websites, also social media of tobacco industry companies has been done by four reviewers searching separately. Results Between 2020 and 2023 several tobacco companies supported public schools (organized workshops, offered internships, and demonstrated the production processes). In 2022, the National Revenue Administration signed an agreement with Philip Morris Polska, among other companies, under the Cooperation Program. The objective of the Program is to initiate collaborative measures that promote compliance with tax regulations. At the end of 2021, the National Revenue Administration took patronage over the Business Center Club social campaign entitled ‘Coming together to fight the illicit trade in tobacco products’. Moreover, in March 2023 the General Police Headquarters started cooperation with BAT and JTI in the field of combating illegal production and trade in tobacco products, as well as disclosing and eliminating tobacco products from illegal sources from economic circulation. Conclusions In Poland, which currently has no specific regulation constraining tobacco industry lobbying, implementation of the provisions of WHO FCTC Article 5.3 is needed to limit interactions between the government and the tobacco industry. Government and public schools should not accept any support from the tobacco industry. Key messages • The government should have regulatory measures to manage its interactions with the tobacco industry, emphasizing the importance of refraining from accepting industry assistance. • Implementation of WHO FCTC Article 5.3 of is needed to limit interactions between the government and the tobacco industry.

Building Bridges in Diverse Societies: A Meta-Analysis of Field Experimental Cooperative Learning Studies on Intergroup Relations in Educational Settings

Cooperative learning has been widely utilized as an intervention to enhance intergroup relations in diverse societies, drawing on intergroup contact theory. Despite numerous field experiments testing its effectiveness in educational contexts, a comprehensive meta-analyses evaluating its overall efficacy has yet to be conducted. This meta-analysis aims to assess the magnitude of the effect of cooperative learning on promoting intergroup relations within experimental field studies conducted in educational settings. The article search was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria across ERIC, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and SpringerLink. Data analysis involved generating forest plots, conducting heterogeneity tests, calculating summary effects using a random effects model, and identifying publication bias. The meta-analysis of 18 field experimental intervention studies, involving 5265 participants, revealed that cooperative learning intervention programs positively impact intergroup relations, with a moderate effect size (ES = 0.33; 95% CI [0.25, 0.40]). Consequently, cooperative learning can be employed as an alternative strategy to bridge gaps, reduce prejudice, and improve relations among groups with diverse social identities in educational settings.

First report of the giant conifer aphid, Cinara pinivora (Wilson) and the Monterey pine aphid, Essigella californica (Essig) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in South Africa

Pine aphids represent a significant group of insect pests in coniferous ecosystems worldwide. To assess pine aphid prevalence and potentially new introductions in South Africa, aphid samples from various pine-growing regions were collected through national surveys conducted by the Tree Protection Co-operative Programme (TPCP) and directly sent from landowners to the FABI Diagnostic Clinic. Morphological examination and DNA barcoding confirmed two previously unreported aphid species as Cinara pinivora and Essigella californica. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these North American native aphids in South Africa. This study provides an important reference for future research aimed at safeguarding South Africa’s pine plantations against emerging threats from invasive aphid species.

Analysing the challenges of developing English for Specific Purpose (ESP) courses for Sino-Foreign cooperative educational programs

With the increasing globalization and internationalization of higher education in China, Sino-foreign cooperative education programs are also flourishing. The English language and English language curricula and teaching are unavoidable topics in Sino-foreign cooperative education programs. The development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses is directly related to the quality of talent cultivation in Sino-foreign cooperative educational programs. To promote the successful implementation of Sino-foreign cooperative education programs, this study takes the Sino-German Institute of Industrial Design (IDI) as an example to explore the challenges encountered in the development and practice of the English for Industrial Design (ESP) course under the Sino-foreign cooperative education program. This study aims to identify the current challenges of the ESP courses to enable students better to adapt to the foreign learning mode in advanced study and integrate into foreign cultures. This study utilized a qualitative research method of semi-structured interviews. In-depth interviews were conducted with one IDI director and two faculty members of IDI's ESP course. They were questioned about the problems and difficulties they encountered while conducting the ESP course. The study’s results indicate challenges in the IDI’s ESP courses concerning the background of course students, the selection of course materials, the quality of course teachers, and the teaching methods of the courses. The study analyzed the current state of ESP course development in Sino-foreign cooperative education programs, the challenges that significantly affect students’ academic performance, and the successful teaching of IDI Sino-foreign cooperative education.

The Abdominal Adiposity Index (A Body Shape Index) Predicts 10-Year All-Cause Mortality in Elderly Active Non-Obese Subjects

Background/Objectives: A Body Shape Index (ABSI), which accounts for waist circumference relative to mass and height, shows a robust association with mortality risk. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of ABSI as a predictor of 10-year all-cause mortality in physically active, non-obese elderly individuals. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 159 volunteers (94 women, aged 60–80 years), recruited in the frame of the “Physical Activity and Nutrition for Great Ageing” (PANGeA) Cross-border Cooperation Program Slovenia–Italy 2007–2013, and followed for 10 years. Baseline characteristics included anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and cardiovascular fitness tests (VO2max). Statistical analyses (Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier survival) were conducted to examine the relationship between ABSI and mortality. Results: During the 10-year follow-up, 10 deaths (6.7%) were recorded. ABSI (adjusted for age, smoking, comorbidities, and therapy) was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio = 4.65, p < 0.001). Higher ABSI scores were linked to reduced VO2max (r = −0.190, p = 0.017) and increased systolic blood pressure (r = 0.262, p = 0.001). An ABSI-based predictive model showed strong discriminatory power (AUROC = 0.91). Conclusions: ABSI is a reliable predictor of 10-year mortality in active, non-obese elderly individuals and may improve risk stratification in clinical practice.

Professional satisfaction of practitioners in psychiatry departments

The study was conducted to determine the indicators of job satisfaction of doctors working in psychiatry departments, to analyse the professional satisfaction of Polish, European and world psychiatrists and to identify ways to improve it. The study identified factors that influence the professional satisfaction of psychiatrists, compared it among psychiatrists in Poland, Europe, and the world, and developed a number of methods to improve this indicator. The results of the study showed that the level of professional satisfaction of psychiatric doctors is influenced by the following factors: salary level, working conditions, team relations, resource support of the work process, stress level, level of emotional burnout, sense of recognition and importance of their own work, work-life balance, and the degree of stigmatization of mental disorders in society. In terms of the number of practising psychiatrists in the country, the availability of psychiatric services and the level of the average annual salary of psychiatrists in Poland, Europe, and the world, the highest rates of professional satisfaction are recorded in the Scandinavian countries and Austria. Poland and Eastern European countries have lower scores, but the gradual increase in funding for psychiatry in Poland is leading to a positive upward trend. Ways in which this increase can be achieved include: increasing the staff of psychiatric units and optimizing administrative work to reduce workload, using cooperation and mentoring programmes to achieve a comfortable team environment, encouraging specialists to participate in training and mentoring programmes to enhance their professional development.

Coordination and Collaboration between Secret Intelligence Agencies and Government Institutions: Challenges, Opportunities, and Dynamics

Effective coordination and collaboration between secret intelligence agencies and government institutions are crucial for national security in the face of complex and evolving threats. Despite technological advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, which have enhanced intelligence capabilities, achieving seamless collaboration remains a persistent challenge, owing to differences in organizational culture, communication barriers, and the need for secrecy. This study explores the interplay between technological advancements, organizational dynamics, and legal frameworks to foster coordination between intelligence agencies and government institutions. Through a comprehensive literature analysis, this study examines the historical evolution of intelligence agencies, their functions and responsibilities, and the legal and regulatory frameworks governing their operations. The dynamics of coordination and collaboration were investigated, including various models (centralized, decentralized, and hybrid), factors influencing effectiveness (communication, trust, and leadership), and the role of technology in facilitating information-sharing. The study also identifies key challenges, such as bureaucratic barriers, legal and ethical concerns, resource constraints, political interference, and cybersecurity risks. Opportunities for enhancing collaboration are discussed, including policy reforms, strengthening interagency trust, adopting technological innovations, international cooperation, and capacity-building programs. Case studies on success and failure in intelligence collaboration provide valuable insights into the best practices and lessons learned. The study concludes with recommendations for improving intelligence collaboration, emphasizing the importance of strong legal frameworks, ethical AI integration, effective communication, and sustained investment in capacity building and international cooperation.

Methodological Validation of the Cooperative Social Responsibility Measurement Instrument

This research is part of the project "Corporate Social Responsibility in Ecuadorian savings and credit cooperatives. A multi-case analysis and proposal for the development of a cooperative education program" and examines the synergy between cooperative principles, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the dimensions proposed for a Cooperative Social Responsibility (CSR) measurement model in Ecuador. It explores how these dimensions converge to promote ethical, sustainable and socially responsible practices, aligned with current regulatory compliance. CSR has become increasingly important in cooperatives, becoming a fundamental practice that encompasses cooperative governance, economic, social, environmental, ethical and technological dimensions. This study describes the methodological process for the validation of a CSR instrument in cooperatives, reviewed and validated by experts from Spain, Ecuador, Guatemala, Argentina and Cuba, using the Delphi method to reach a consensus on the relevance and clarity of the questionnaire items. This process ensures that the instrument is suitable for assessing CSR practices in credit unions, providing a reliable tool for the continuous improvement of their operations.

The linguistico-cultural experience of Cuban teachers working in the Jamaican education system

ABSTRACT In 1997, the Government of Jamaica signed a three-year cooperative agreement with the Government of Cuba to support Jamaican education through the provision of teachers of Spanish, mathematics and the sciences. After several renewals, the programme is in its 26th year, with 76 Cuban teachers currently resident in Jamaica and serving at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of the country’s education system. Through focus group discussions with 32 teachers in the 23rd cohort, this article reports on the linguistic insertion of the teachers into their Jamaican classroom environments. It assesses the strengths and limitations of the linguistico-cultural preparation of the teachers for working in the Jamaican education system, and documents their sociolinguistic and cultural adjustment experiences. Results indicate that while the information and training sessions on pedagogy were useful and informative, the intergovernmental cooperative agreement programme could benefit significantly from the inclusion of a strong and targeted initiative designed to initiate teachers into Jamaican sociolinguistic realities.

Manajemen Humas dengan Dunia Industri Otomotif dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di SMK Ma’arif 1 Kroya

This research aims to investigate the role of public relations management in establishing cooperation with the automotive industry to improve the quality of education at SMK Ma'arif 1 Kroya Cilacap. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Principal, the Head of Public Relations at SMK Ma’arif 1 Kroya, and representatives from the automotive industry involved in the cooperation program. The research results show that public relations management plays an important role in forming and maintaining good relationships between the school and the automotive industry. Through promotional efforts, effective communication, and careful negotiation, public relations management has successfully established mutually beneficial partnerships for both parties. Public relations management at SMK Ma’arif 1 Kroya has successfully created mutually beneficial partnerships with various stakeholders, including the community and companies. This cooperation has brought various benefits, including improving the quality of education for students at SMK Ma'arif 1 Kroya Cilacap. The implementation of cooperation at SMK Ma’arif 1 Kroya, represented by the Head of Public Relations, with automotive industry companies includes MoUs with companies, industry visits, industrial internships, student and teacher apprenticeships, integration of the school curriculum with industry needs, training and certification for teachers, as well as the development of facilities and educational infrastructure that meet the demands of the automotive industry. All these efforts contribute to enhancing the quality of learning and preparing students to enter the workforce. This research concludes that effective public relations management with the automotive industry can be an effective strategy for improving the quality of education at SMK Ma'arif 1 Kroya Cilacap. The practical implication of this research is the importance of the role of public relations management in building and maintaining sustainable relationships with external stakeholders to support the school's mission and vision.

Assessing the Impact of New Silk Road Initiatives on Kazakhstan's Business Environment

This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of four major regional economic integration initiatives along the New Silk Road in Eurasia: The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB), the New Silk Road (NSR), and the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) program. By employing an expert-based analysis method, the research assesses the initiatives from the perspective of the Kazakhstani business environment, identifying critical criteria for successful economic integration, including intra-union trade, market expansion, supply chain optimization, regulatory harmonization, and access to financing. Drawing parallels with the historical Silk Road's focus on trade and economic prosperity, this research employs an expert-based analysis method to assess these modern initiatives from the perspective of the Kazakhstani business environment. Through structured expert panel assessments and statistical analysis, the study determines which initiatives offer the most tangible benefits to businesses in Kazakhstan and the broader region. The findings indicate that the SREB initiative scored highest overall, particularly in fostering regional economic development and business growth, with a total score of 197, followed by the EAEU with 181. The findings reveal that the SREB initiative scored highest overall, followed by the EAEU, indicating their strong potential for fostering regional economic development and business growth. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and businesses navigating the complex landscape of Eurasian economic integration. It offers a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of new Silk Road initiatives in promoting regional prosperity and cooperation, with particular relevance to Kazakhstan's position in Central Asia.

Cooperative Compliance in Poland: The Question of Equality

An increasing number of tax jurisdictions are implementing the concept of cooperative compliance into their tax systems. It aims to improve tax compliance by building an enhanced relationship between tax authorities and taxpayers. In principle, the programme is aimed at large taxpayers capable of engaging in aggressive tax optimization that is detrimental to state revenue. Dedicating the programme exclusively to large taxpayers may raise doubts about whether it violates the principle of equality before the law. In Poland, the legislation governing the cooperative compliance programme was introduced on July 1, 2020. As in other countries, it was targeted at large taxpayers. The article therefore discusses the question whether the Polish legal regulations on cooperative tax compliance are in line with the constitutional principle of equality.

ЧИННИКИ ТА ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ І ПІДТРИМКИ БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ: ФІНАНСОВІ ТА СТРАХОВІ АСПЕКТИ

The article considers the aspects of ensuring the viability of economic entities in the critically difficult conditions of a full-scale war. As stated, in world practice, the fact of the functioning of the national economy of a country under military aggression, and even more so the preservation of the viability of economic agents, is considered paradoxical a priori. However, this has been a common practice for Ukraine for three years. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors and justify the tools of the state and corporate policy of preserving and supporting Ukrainian business in the conditions of war with the use of financial and insurance means for such purposes. Threats to the financial security of domestic economic entities in war conditions were determined by such components of security as credit, insurance, monetary, budgetary and tax, investment and fund security. Based on the same components, a policy toolkit for supporting domestic business in wartime conditions was developed, in particular in the sense of financial and insurance aspects of regulation. It was established that in the conditions of a full-scale war, the following became the dominant threats to the financial security of domestic business entities: freezing of investment projects, loss of foreign investment, destruction of facilities (investment component of financial security of enterprises); complication of attracting financial and credit resources, growth of external and internal debt, difficulty of attracting credit funds (credit component); devaluation of the national monetary unit, slowdown in the circulation of funds, difficulties in settlements with counterparties (monetary component); increase in the level of tax liabilities, decrease in the level of budget investment, delays in calculations (budget and tax component); problems of securities issuance, a decrease in the level of dividend distribution, the decline of the country’s stock system (stock component); aggravation of the problems of insurance of military risks, increase in the cost of insurance services, actualization of the problems of internal and self-insurance (insurance component). Policy instruments for strengthening the financial security of business in wartime conditions have been defined. This is the diversification of sources of investment formation, consideration of investment options abroad, however, for the production of products in the domestic market; activation of cooperation programs between enterprises to replace credit resources, optimization of internal and external debt, replacement of part of operations in foreign currency, formation of insurance and reserve funds, "decomposition" of business into separate components, detinization and legalization of business, proactive state policy in this area, use of public investment instruments, improvement of conditions for purchasing OVDP bonds, diversification of state securities, active investment policy of enterprises, improvement of war risk insurance instruments, active involvement of foreign companies to the domestic insurance market.

Family and Staff Cooperation in Early Childhood Special Education

Introduction: Early childhood is a critical period for supporting children's development. The role of families and the staff responsible for the services is crucial in supports to be provided in the development of children with special needs. In this study, stakeholders' cooperation processes were examined in the context of family-staff and staff-staff cooperation. Method: The participants are 12 staff and seven parents at a special education center. The data of the study, which was conducted in the phenomenological design of qualitative research methods, were obtained with the semi-structured interview technique and analyzed with content analysis. Findings: Findings were discussed under the titles cooperation experiences, family participation and needs, early childhood special education, staff, institution features, opinion and suggestions. Six main themes and 18 subthemes were reached. Discussion: The findings of the study were consistent with the findings of the studies examining the cooperation process in special education services in the literature. Physical features of the institution, its operation in accordance with legal regulations and the staff's efficiency are effective in meeting families' needs of information and social support. Families need cooperation with staff expert in different fields in the process of starting education of children with special needs after early diagnosis and evaluation. The role of families and the directors and staff of the special education institutions are critical in maintaining the cooperation. Parents' needs such as information, social and psychological support must be met in line with the family participation. Family participation should be supported through accessible digital-based cooperation programs, professional skills of staff must be developed, and the physical features of institutions must be improved.

A cooperative learning intervention for improving a simulation-based paediatric nursing course: A quasi-experimental study

AimThis study aimed to examine if a cooperative intervention improved outcomes for a simulation-based paediatric nursing course. BackgroundFostering cooperative learning can enhance student engagement and improve learning. Simulation-based courses provide nursing students an opportunity to practice and hone nursing skills when hands-on experiences are limited. Providing instruction in cooperative learning could improve course outcomes. DesignA quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test assessments. MethodsThird-year nursing students enrolled in an 18-week paediatric simulation-based nursing course were purposively recruited (N = 110). One class (n = 55) received a researcher-developed cooperative learning program, which encouraged student support during class activities and simulations. The second class (control) received usual class instruction and simulations. The efficacy of the intervention was assessed by comparing mean scores at class enrolment (pre-test) and completion (post-test) for self-perceived problem-solving attitude, cooperative learning experience and knowledge of paediatric nursing. Paired t-tests compared pre-test with post-test scores for the two groups. ANCOVA examined differences in mean scores between groups. Correlations between differences in mean pre-test and post-test subscale scores for problem-solving attitude and cooperative learning experience were also examined. ResultsThere was no significant difference in age or gender between groups. Mean post-test scores on the final exam were significantly higher for students who received the intervention (85.26, 95 % CI 84.19, 86.33) compared with controls (83.61, 95 % CI 82.52, 84.69; F = 4.63, p = 0.034). There were no significant differences in total scores for problem-solving attitude or cooperative learning experience or between groups. For the intervention group, two problem solving subscales were correlated with two cooperative learning subscales: problem solving confidence with learning motivation, respectively (r = 0.302, p = 0.025) and personal control with classroom learning, respectively (r = 0.389, p = 0.003). For the control group, approach-avoidance problem solving was negatively correlated with cooperative learning efficacy (r = −0.343, p = 0.01). ConclusionsCompared with the control group, nursing students who received the cooperative learning intervention had higher scores for knowledge of paediatric nursing, as well as learning motivation and attitude and problem-solving confidence, suggesting that the researcher-designed intervention facilitated simulation-based learning as well as confidence in problem-solving. Nurse educators could easily integrate the intervention into simulation-based paediatric nursing courses to enhance students' problem-solving abilities.

REDD+ in Indonesia: An assessment of the international environmental program

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature and assesses the progress on the effects of Indonesia’s REDD+ program. Due to the significance of Indonesia in terms of global rainforests and the comprehensive implementation practice of REDD+ programs since 2009, focusing on the case study of Indonesia enables interesting insights regarding the challenges and opportunities of REDD+. Indonesia faced challenges during the project’s implementation, but there were also reductions. This success is attributed to the set program design of REDD+. In this paper, we show that without international development cooperation in the field of climate change mitigation, the countries in the Global South lack locally driven forest conservation or restoration incentives. These incentives emanate exogenously from international development cooperation programs in the field of climate change mitigation. The review of the program also shows that despite the rigorous institutional design of REDD+ in Indonesia, not all the stakeholders could benefit from the program appropriately. Because of the de facto weakness of the smallholder farmers, indigenous population groups, and other vulnerable categories in the political process of Indonesia, these groups’ interests have not come fully to their own in Indonesia. Hence, we conclude that international programs that target environmental protection, while addressing inferior institutional quality, bad governance and operate through more accountable NGOs than government agencies would perform better in terms of global environmental targets and the sustainability of local livelihoods.

AI Image Generator Utilizing OpenAI and Replit

In this research, we leverage OpenAI's DALL- E 3 API in the assistance of generating images from a web interface which has been built on Replit. DALL-E 3 is a very advanced generative AI model due to its ability of generating complex and creative images from textual inputs. We intend to make use of the capabilities of DALL-E 3 and have it available to users in the generation of high-quality, custom images. Replit-the popular cooperative programming platform-secures the setup of the development environment, API request and response management, and user interfaces which allow users to interact with these AI models. The following apparently consider these factors at the implementation of AI in graphic design: better creativity, effective usage of time, and chance of creating unique aesthetic contents. Key Words: DALL-E 3 API, Generative AI, Web interface, Replit, Custom images, Graphic design.

The stability of cooperation in the context of cross-border cooperation: The example of Poland's borderlands

Abstract The objective of this paper was to conceptualise the issue of cooperation stability in research on cross-border cooperation. On this basis, regularities related to selected aspects of the stability of cross-border cooperation were identified using the example of the Polish border regions. The analysis was based on a complex review of the Interreg, ETC, ENPI, and ENI cross-border cooperation programmes implemented in the Polish border regions between 2007–2013 and 2014–2020, taking into account both internal and external EU borders. The study covered a total of 1,577 projects realised between 2007–2013 and 2014–2020 by more than 4,500 beneficiaries, comprising 2,307 organisations. A survey of these organisations was also conducted. The resulting analysis helped to identify the relative stability of partner types and the thematic scope and spatial dimension of cross-border cooperation, while at the same time revealing a lack of stability in the organisational dimension. In addition, the study showed that the initiation and subsequent maintenance of cross-border relationships are the result of a complex process, in which many factors co-exist simultaneously, whereas the break-up of cooperation can be the product of individual factors.