Cm In Height Research Articles

Biomass production and silage quality of ensiled BRS Capiaçu elephant grass at different regrowth ages and residue heights

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal combination of regrowth age and residue height of BRS Capiaçu elephant grass that yields the best balance between the dry mass production (DMP) of the harvested forage and silage quality. Four regrowth ages (75, 90, 105, and 120 days) and two residue heights (10 and 50 cm) were evaluated. The experimental design used a randomized complete block design with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme and 3 replicates. The regrowth age led to a linear increase in DMP. As regrowth age advanced, there were linear increases in the dry matter (DM) concentration, cell wall constituents, and fraction C (acid detergent insoluble nitrogen) of crude protein and reductions in the in vitro digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD) in both the plant and its silage. Lower pH values were observed in silage made from plants harvested at 10 cm. No significant effects of the studied factors were found on the concentrations of organic acids in the silage, except for propionic acid. Management using a 105-day regrowth period and a 10-cm residue height resulted in a better balance between the dry mass production, fermentative profile and nutritional value of silage.

An ivory statuette depicting the god Thanatos discovered near Tomis (Moesia Inferior)

In recent years, real estate developments in Constanța prompted a series of preventive archaeological investigations, leading to the discovery of rich archaeological material. These finds include a bone statuette found in the Palazu Mare district of Constanța. In this context, the nucleus of habitation, previously inferred from various archaeological finds from the Roman period, has been identified. Numerous surveys and preventive archaeological investigations have allowed for a clearer delimitation of the archaeological site of Palazu Mare. Regarding chronology, the settlement (possibly a vicus) can be dated from the 2nd–3rd centuries to the early decades of the 4th century AD. The statuette in question was carved out of ivory, measuring 6 cm in height and 1.7 cm in width. It was made as a representation of the god Thanatos, the personification of the Angel of Death in Greek and Roman mythology. Unfortunately, the statuette is incomplete; the left hand and parts of the legs are missing, along with the wings originally located on its back. The closest analogy for our representation comes from Northern France, where a small bronze statue was discovered in a villa rustica in Salouël, a commune located on the outskirts of Amiens. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the function of the object to which the statue pertains, we classify it as instrumentum domesticum, a category that includes a variety of objects that were part of everyday Roman life. The discoveries made here are considered quite rare due to the material of the statuette, and the context in which it was found. Based on previous observations, it can be said that Thanatos is typically a characteristic of funerary art and is therefore rarely found in domestic contexts. Ivory statues are particularly uncommon in the Dobrudja region of Moesia Inferior.

Combined Effects of Nitrogen Deposition and Climate on Root-to-Shoot Ratios and Root Morphology in Temperate Tree Regeneration

Nitrogen (N) availability is known to interact with the drought tolerance in plants, but its effects on the morphological acclimation of forest trees to low precipitation have rarely been investigated. Based on a Germany-wide field-study design covering different combinations of climatic conditions and atmospheric N deposition, we harvested young trees up to 70 cm in height of Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Abies alba. We tested the hypothesis that high N deposition decreases the root/shoot ratio, alters fine root morphology (for example, by reducing specific root length of absorptive roots) and reduces mycorrhizal colonization rate, which are factors that would reduce the capacity for water uptake under drought. European beech showed reduced root/shoot ratios at high N deposition and reduced specific root length and mycorrhizal colonization of absorptive roots at sites with both high N deposition and low precipitation. These observations were consistent with the optimal portioning theory, as less investment in belowground biomass was required to meet the N demand at high N deposition. Sessile oak showed no effect of N deposition or mean annual precipitation on the parameters studied, indicating that the gradients studied were not large enough to cause changes. Douglas-fir and silver fir expanded their root systems with increasing N deposition, with higher specific root length in Douglas-fir and a trend towards higher root tip abundance in silver fir. Thus, in contrast to European beech, we found no indication that the tree's ability to cope with drought was reduced by high N deposition in sessile oak, Douglas-fir, and silver fir. The combined negative effect of drought and high N deposition on the root system in European beech as Central Europe’s most dominant tree species in the natural vegetation emphasizes the need for curtailing N emissions, especially from agriculture.

Identification of the Morphology of Tamarix spp in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California, Mexico

Objective: The predominant species of Tamarix spp in the Mexicali Valley is unknown, and due to the scarce information available, this study aims to expand the knowledge of the morphology of Tamarix spp in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: For this research, five branches with inflorescences and roots of Tamarix spp trees were collected from four selected locations in the Mexicali Valley. The collection was carried out during the flowering season from March to August, considering branches between 2.50 and 3.50 cm in height. The morphological descriptions were based on fresh plants using an Olympia optical microscope. Results: After the morphological analysis was carried out at the different sampling sites, the predominant salt cedar genotype found in the Mexicali Valley corresponded to Tamarix chinensis. In addition, it was found high electrical conductivity measured in the upper soil layer (20 cm depth) was found to be caused by the excretion of salts through the glands of the leaves of this species. Consequently, salt cedar species can inhibit other vegetation types, although it can benefit honey bee production. Findings/conclusions: Tamarix chinensis was the predominant salt cedar species throughout the sampling sites under the conditions of this study.The high electrical conductivity measured in the upper soil layer (20 cm depth) shows that salt cedar species can inhibit the growth of other vegetation types, although it can be beneficial for honey bee production.

Postemergence giant ragweed management as affected by soil and cover crop management, soybean planting time, and preemergence herbicide application

Abstract Early soybean planting and cover crop adoption in the US Midwest prompt investigation into the impact of these practices on weed community dynamics and best management practices. While previous research has explored different aspects of giant ragweed control, the specific integration among soil management practices, including cover crop adoption, soybean planting timing, and herbicide use, has not been thoroughly investigated. This study assessed soil management, soybean planting time, and PRE herbicide application on giant ragweed control and soybean yield in Wisconsin and Nebraska in 2022 and 2023. The study included a factorial arrangement of four soil management treatments [conventional tillage, no-till, and fall-planted cereal rye early terminated and terminated at planting (planting green)]; two soybean planting times; and two PRE herbicide treatments (PRE and no PRE). Postemergence (POST) herbicides were applied when ∼50% of giant ragweed plants within each treatment reached ∼10 cm in height. In Nebraska, cereal rye and tillage treatments without a PRE had at least 67% lower giant ragweed density than no-till at POST. In no-till, densities were at least 60% lower with PRE compared to no PRE. In Wisconsin, cereal rye did not reduce giant ragweed density at POST compared to no-till, likely due to relatively low biomass accumulation. In contrast, delayed soybean planting reduced giant ragweed density for most treatments but lowered soybean yield in no-till and planting green treatments. The PRE herbicides had either no or positive effects on reducing giant ragweed density and increasing soybean yield. Overall, this study suggests that soil management and soybean planting timing are crucial for effective giant ragweed management in Wisconsin, where biotypes with a long emergence window during the spring and summer are present, while in Nebraska, soil management and soybean planting timing are less critical due to giant ragweed biotypes with an early and short emergence window in the spring.

Weather and glufosinate efficacy; a retrospective analysis looking forward to the changing climate

Abstract Foliar-applied postemergence applications of glufosinate are often applied to glufosinate-resistant crops to provide nonselective weed control without significant crop injury. Rainfall, air temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity near the time of application have been reported to affect glufosinate efficacy. However, previous research may have not captured the full range of weather variability to which glufosinate may be exposed to prior to or following application. Additionally, climate models suggest more extreme weather will become the norm, further expanding this weather range glufosinate can be exposed to. The objective of this research was to quantify the probability of successful weed control (efficacy ≥85%) with glufosinate applied to some key weed species across a broad range of weather conditions. A database of >10,000 North American herbicide evaluation trials was used in this study. The database was filtered to include treatments with a single POST application of glufosinate applied to waterhemp (Amaranthus tuburculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer), morningglory species (Ipomoea spp.), and/or giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herm.) <15cm in height. These species were chosen because they are well represented in the database and listed as common and troublesome weed species in both corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Van Wychen 2020, 2022). Individual random forest models were created. Low rainfall (≤20 mm) over the five days prior to glufosinate application was detrimental to the probability of successful control of A. tuburculatus and S. faberi. Lower relative humidity (≤70%) and solar radiation (≤23 MJ m-1 day-1) the day of application reduced the probability of successful weed control in most cases. Additionally, the probability of successful control decreased for all species when average air temperature over the first five days after application was ≤25C. As climate continues to change and become more variable, the risk of unacceptable control of several common species with glufosinate is likely to increase.

Implications of using shading meshes and plant density on the leaf anatomy of Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson seedlings

Shading meshes are important techniques used during seedling cultivation. However, improper use can lead to excessive shading, which may be intensified by the distribution of seedlings in the tray, directly affecting their growth and development. This study aimed to assess the effect of using colored shading meshes combined with different plant densities on the leaf anatomy and seedling quality of Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill and L.A.S. Johnson. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at the Federal University of Santa Maria Frederico Westphalen campus, from May to September 2018. A completely randomized experimental design was used, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme with two seedling densities, two shading meshes, and no mesh. The assessed densities consisted of 736 seedlings per m² (high density) and 528 seedlings per m² (medium density). The shading meshes used were in the red and blue colors, and there was a meshless (full sun) treatment as well. Assessments were conducted when seedlings reached 25 cm in height, with the following variables being analyzed: stomatal count, cuticle thickness, adaxial and abaxial epidermis thickness, spongy and palisade parenchyma thickness, as well as seedling quality through the Dickson Quality Index. The use of meshes in different colors and the plant densities altered the anatomical characteristics of Corymbia citriodora, such as cuticle and adaxial epidermis thickness, abaxial epidermis, palisade parenchyma, and leaf thickness. However, these anatomical changes observed in seedlings under different meshes do not necessarily indicate better seedling quality.

Efeito da adição de Megathyrsus maximus em ração total mista sobre desempenho, metabolismo e qualidade de carcaças de cordeiros

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the impact of total mixed ration silage of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 70 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested at 70 cm in height and concentrate at the time of silage or total mixed ration of grass cut at 70 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 70 cm in height (in Exp. I and III) and total mixed ration silage cut at 130 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested 130 cm height and concentrate at the time of silage or total mixed ration of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 130 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested at 130 cm height (in Exp. II and IV), on rumen metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs. The results showed that TMRS70 increased ruminal pH in Exp. I and TMRS130 exhibited higher ether extract digestibility, propionic concentration, and lower acetic to propionic ratio and ruminal pH compared to TMR130 in Exp. II. In Exp. III and IV, there was no significant effect on the performance and quality of the carcass. However, in Exp. IV, TMRS130 led to decreased dry matter intake and average daily gain, while lambs fed with TMR130 showed a higher rib-eye area. Total ration ensilage could be used as a conservation method for young grasses (70 cm) without impairing performance, metabolism, carcasses, and meat quality. However, further research is recommended to evaluate the economic analysis of feeding total ration ensilage (70 cm) instead of total mixed ration as a forage conservation method.

High-Performance Twisted Nylon Actuators for Soft Robots.

Twisted nylon actuators (TNAs) are widely recognized in soft robotics for their excellent load-to-weight ratio and cost-effectiveness. However, their limitations in deformation and output force restrict their ability to support more advanced applications. Here, we report 3 performance-enhancing strategies inspired by the construction process of chromosome, which are validated through 3 novel types of TNAs. First, we design a dual-level helical structure, demonstrating remarkable improvements in the deformation (60.2% vertically and approximately 100% horizontally) and energy storage capability (launching a miniature basketball to 131 cm in height). Second, we present a parallel-twisted method, where the output force of TNAs reaches 11.0 N, achieving 12.1% contraction under a load of 15 N (10,000 times its weight). Additionally, we construct the dual-level helical structure based on parallel-twisted TNAs, resulting in a 439.7% improvement in load capability. We have adopted TNAs for several applications: (a) two bionic elbows capable of rotating and shooting a miniature basketball over 130 cm; (b) a robot that can rapidly jump over 30 cm; and (c) a soft finger that achieves contracting (15.3% contraction under 2 kg load), precise bending (tracking errors less than 2.0%), and twisting motions. This work presents approaches for fabricating high-performance soft actuators and explores the potential applications of these actuators for driving soft robots with multifunctional capabilities.

Registration of ‘Kona’ black bean

Abstract‘Kona’ (Reg. no. CV‐366, PI 705624) black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, was released in 2024 as an upright, full‐season cultivar with good canning quality. Kona was developed using the pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic and quality traits. In 4 years of field trials, Kona produced an average yield of 3604 kg ha−1, (averaged 9.5% above 24 trial means) flowered in 48 days and matured in 97 days on average. Plants averaged 48 cm in height, with lodging resistance score of 1.7 and seed weight of 22.6 g 100 seed−1. Kona combines high yield potential with upright architecture and mid‐to‐full season maturity in a black seed type. Kona has good resistance to lodging, an upright plant habit, and high pod placement within the plant making it suitable for direct harvest under narrow row production systems. Kona is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus, resistant to race 7 of anthracnose, and has shown better tolerance to common bacterial blight than other black bean cultivars. Kona produces seed that meets industry standards for export and packaging and was rated average in canned bean color in the black bean market class.

Análise cinemática da articulação metacarpofalângica durante a recepção do salto em cavalos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo

ABSTRACT The jumping kinematics vary among horse breeds, influencing their performance and athletic capability. The objective was to evaluate variations in the metacarpophalangeal joint angle during jump reception at different heights and widths through kinematic analysis. Fourteen Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) horses were assessed using reflective markers. Vertical jumps of 90 and 120cm in height (V 90 and V 120) and oxer-type jumps with heights of 90 and 120cm (Ox 90 and Ox 120), with a width of 100 cm, were examined. Evaluations of the metacarpophalangeal joint angles occurred at two moments during jump reception (MT1) and (MT2) when the joint reached maximum hyperextension. Significant differences were observed in the metacarpophalangeal joint angles (MT1 and MT2) during jump reception with p≤0.0001 (V 90, V 120, Ox 90, and Ox 120). A p-value of 0.00051 was observed between the angles of V 90 and Ox 120. There was a weak correlation among the evaluated data. The jumping kinematics in BH horses provided insights into flexibility and adaptability during jumps, as well as how the metacarpophalangeal joint angles changed during jump reception.

Sex dimorphic associations of Prader–Willi imprinted gene expressions in umbilical cord with prenatal and postnatal growth in healthy infants

BackgroundThe impact of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) domain gene expression on the growth of healthy children is not well understood. This study investigated associations between PWS domain gene expression in umbilical cord tissue and prenatal and postnatal growth, considering potential sex differences.MethodsRelative gene expression of paternally expressed MAGEL2, NDN, and SNURF-SNRPN, and the small nucleolar RNAs SNORD116 and SNORD115 were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in umbilical cord tissue from 122 healthy newborns (59 girls and 63 boys). Gene expression levels were correlated with auxological measures at birth, infancy, and childhood (ages 2, 4, and 6 years).ResultsMAGEL2, NDN, SNORD116, and SNORD115 expression in the umbilical cord was negatively associated with birth weight, length, and placental weight (P < 0.001). Postnatally, these genes were positively associated with weight and length at 3 months (P < 0.001) and weight gain from birth to ages 1, 2, and 4 years (P < 0.01). Negative associations at birth were stronger in girls (P < 0.001), while positive associations during infancy and childhood were stronger in boys (P < 0.001). MAGEL2, SNORD116, and SNORD115 expression predicted early-postnatal growth, explaining the higher growth rate in boys compared to girls and accounting for sex differences up to 1.5 kg in weight and 3 cm in height during infancy.ConclusionsPaternally expressed PWS domain gene expression in the umbilical cord was negatively associated with prenatal growth and positively with early-postnatal growth in healthy infants. This gene expression may predict early human postnatal growth and promote the well-known sex dimorphism in growth. These results can also help in understanding the etiology of PWS, which remains unclear.Graphical abstract

Randall Foils Versus Big Blades: Comparative Analysis in On-Water Sprint Rowing.

We evaluated the technical and energetical impact of using Randall foils versus simple Big blades during a maximum rowing effort in field conditions. Fourteen experienced rowers (12 male and 2 female) 26 (9) versus 25 (9)years of age, 179.8 (4.3) versus 175.0 (2.8)cm in height, and 74.2 (4.8) versus 65.5 (6.2)kg of body mass (for males and females, respectively) performed 2 maximal 500-m on-water bouts (1 each using Randall foils and simple Big blades in a randomized order). Performance and physiological variables were continuously measured along the efforts, with the latter being also recorded during the baseline and recovery periods. Rowing time was shorter using Randall foils when compared with simple Big blades (107.59 [5.53] vs 108.96 [5.44]s), while cycle rate (39.73 [2.56] vs 39.71 [2.24]cycle·min-1), peak oxygen uptake (63.47 [9.96] vs 62.68 [9.65]mL·kg-1·min-1), mean oxygen uptake (4.15 [0.77] vs 4.12 [0.78]L·min-1), respiratory frequency (62.44 [9.22] vs 62.17 [11.22] beats·min-1), peak heart rate (178 [11] vs 180 [9]beats·min-1], peak blood lactate concentration (14.26 [3.52] vs 13.76 [4.02]mmol · L-1), and rating of perceived effort (17 [1.43] vs 17 [1]) were similar in both experimental conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that the aerobic pathway represented ∼50% of the total energy spent in the 500-m sprint independently of the blades used. Data suggest that the use of Randall foils enhances rowing performance without compromising rowers' mechanical and metabolic functions.

Laser Distance Based Digital Weight and Height Measurement System with Thermal Printer Output

The growth and development of a person's body can be affected by various factors such as hereditary factors, the environment and the type of food consumed. One method that can be used to find out the condition of a person's body growth and development is to compare weight and height. This analysis is known as Body Mass Index (BMI). To carry out this analysis, weight and height measurements must first be taken. With the tools developed in this study, the analysis process can be carried out easily. This developed tool is able to measure height and weight at the same time. Height measurement is carried out by placing the weight sensor (Load Cell) under the user's footing like a tire scale in general. As for height measurement, on the top of the patient's head, a laser-based distance sensor VL53L1X placed. In contrast to height measurement which uses a voice-based distance sensor with direct measurements on the surface of the patient's head whose measurement results are less accurate. This is due to the uneven surface of the head, different hair shapes, and diffused sound waves. With the Scale Bar method/plate that can move up/down automatically as the sensor measurement plane. Thus, the measurement results are better because the reflection plane is in the form of a flat plate so that the light reflection results from the laser sensor become more focused. From the results of measurements, weight and height in several patients, the results of measurements were obtained with an average difference of 0.3 cm for height and 0.09 kg for body weight measurement.

Advancing Environmental Protection: Monolithic Bentonite and Zeolite-Clay Adsorbents for Fe&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; Ion Removal

Clay minerals possess substantial potential for developing innovative functional materials, particularly in the context of environmental protection. This study focuses on the adsorbent zeolite-clay and bentonite-clay, shaped into honeycomb monoliths to efficiently remove Fe2+ ions from water. The process involved physically activating powdered zeolite-clay and bentonite-clay through calcination at 600°C. The activated materials were then mixed with distilled water and molded into monolithic shapes through extrusion with stainless steel molds, resulting in cylindrical structures measuring 1.8 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height, featuring 40 perforations. Mechanical characterization aimed to evaluate structural strength and assess pressure drop during operation, revealing superior mechanical strength in bentonite-clay compared to zeolite-clay. The monolithic form exhibited lower pressure drop during operation compared to pellet adsorbents. In terms of adsorption performance, a batch reactor assessed efficiency, isotherm, and kinetics with 2 and 4 ppm Fe2+ ion solutions over a 240-minute period. The zeolite-clay monolith demonstrated the highest capacity, achieving a removal efficiency of up to 65%. Maximal adsorption capacities for bentonite-clay and zeolite-clay were 0.209 and 0.289 mg/g, respectively, with corresponding Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constants (KL) of 0.187 and 0.181 L/g by the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic analysis favored the pseudo-first-order non-linear model, indicating rates for zeolite-clay and bentonite-clay adsorbents at 2 and 4 ppm Fe2+ ion concentrations of 0.0043, 0.0030, 0.0039, and 0.0038 min-1. This study signifies a significant advancement in solid adsorbents, optimizing the adsorption process for broader applications.

Research on the path planning algorithm and obstacle-crossing motion planning strategy for a cable trench inspection robot

Abstract The path planning and obstacle-crossing motion planning of cable trench inspection robots are essential for achieving automated inspection. To improve path planning efficiency and obstacle navigation in complex environments, an enhanced global path planning algorithm based on the A* algorithm has been developed, combined with an improved Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) for local path planning. For unavoidable obstacles, a specific obstacle-crossing motion planning strategy has been formulated. The enhanced A* algorithm improves efficiency and safety through adaptive neighborhood expansion and the elimination of redundant path points. The improved DWA algorithm enables real-time dynamic obstacle avoidance in local path planning. The simulation results on a $20 \times 20$ grid map indicate that the improved A* algorithm reduces the number of nodes by 58.4% and shortens the path length by 6.1% compared to the traditional A* algorithm, demonstrating significant advantages over other conventional path planning algorithms. In the simulation experiments integrating global and local path planning, the enhanced A* algorithm combined with the improved DWA algorithm reduces the path length by 3.2% on the $20 \times 20$ grid map compared to the integration with the traditional DWA algorithm. On the $30 \times 30$ grid maps with different obstacle configurations, the path lengths are reduced by 3.5% and 3.6%, respectively. In the obstacle-crossing experiments, the robot successfully overcame obstacles of 10 cm and 20 cm in height. The proposed path planning algorithm and obstacle-crossing motion planning strategy hold substantial application potential in complex environments, offering reliable technical support for cable trench inspection robots.

Evaluation of Average Post-menarche Height Growth and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Adolescents experience rapid height growth during puberty, which eventually slows down and ceases due to epiphyseal senescence. Menarche marks the final stage of puberty and often raises concerns about the cessation of height growth. Objectives: This study aims to examine post-menarche height growth and identify the factors associated with it. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included adolescent females who visited pediatric endocrinology clinics in Hamadan between 2001 and 2018 and had a minimum follow-up period of three years. Data extracted from patients' medical records included demographic details, birth weight, birth order, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and stages of thelarche and pubarche. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. Results: The medical records of 91 girls were evaluated. The mean age of menarche was 11.93 ± 1.27 years. On average, the participants grew 7.98 ± 3.47 cm in height within three years after menarche. The study revealed a significant inverse correlation between post-menarche height growth and both the age at menarche and height at the onset of menarche. No correlation between height growth and other variables was observed. Conclusions: Post-menarche height growth was negatively correlated with height and age at menarche. However, there is limited research on post-menarche height growth in Iranian girls, highlighting the need for further studies.

Desain Mesin Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Menggunakan Teknologi Mesin Pencacah

Plastic waste is a serious environmental problem because it does not decompose naturally and takes years to break down. To address this problem, an effective solution is to recycle plastic waste into economically valuable products. This study aims to design a plastic shredder machine using the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) 2222 method. The machine is designed to improve the efficiency of plastic waste processing through faster and larger capacity shredding. The plastic shredder machine has specifications of 124 cm in height, 94.5 cm in length and 80 cm in width, with a frame made of 50x50x5 mm angle iron. It is equipped with 33 blades on two shafts, driven by a gasoline engine and capable of shredding plastic waste at a capacity of 31.5 kg/hour. The use of the VDI 2222 method ensures a structured and optimal design. The research results show that this machine is effective in reducing the volume of plastic waste and facilitating the recycling process.

3D Bioprintable Self-Healing Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel with Cysteamine Grafting for Tissue Engineering.

The abundance of hyaluronic acid (HA) in human tissues attracts its thorough research in tissue regenerating scaffolds and 3D bioprintable hydrogel preparation. Though methacrylation of HA can lead to photo-crosslinkable hydrogels, the catalyst has toxicity concerns, and the hydrogel is not suitable for creating stable complex 3D structures using extrusion 3D bioprinting. In this study, a dual crosslinking on methacrylated HA is introduced, using cysteamine-grafted HA and varying concentrations of 2-hydroxy ethyl acrylate. The resultant hydrogel is suitable for extrusion 3D printing (or bioprinting), mechanically robust, self-standing, stable in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C for more than 42 days, has high water absorption capacity with a low swelling ratio (1.5), and exhibits self-healing and adhesive properties. Complex 3D structures like ears and pyramid shapes with more than 2 cm of height are 3D printed using the optimized composition. All the synthesized hydrogels have shown nontoxicity and cell-supportiveness. Loading of cells, tetracycline, and bovine serum albumin into the hydrogel led to better bioink properties such as cell attachment, growth, and proliferation for osteoblast cells. The test results suggest that this hydrogel is biocompatible and has potential for 3D bioprinting of self-standing structures in bioink form in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

A miniature and efficient colorimetric system assisted by the microplasma jet array for Cr (VI) detection

A miniature and efficient colorimetric system assisted by the microplasma jet array for Cr (VI) detection