Cm In Circumference Research Articles

He-II Film Transfer Rates for Solid-Ar Beakers

Helium-II film transfer rates have been measured for filling and for emptying beakers of solid Ar. Liquid Ar was frozen slowly in a mold which was later removed, leaving free-standing transparent solid-Ar beakers. The beakers used were of 3-mm i.d., 5-mm o.d., and 3.5 cm in height. Experiments were carried out in the temperature range 1.45-2 K. The dependence of the transfer rate sigma (cm/sup 3//s cm of circumference) on the difference between inner and outer He levels Z, height of the beaker lip above the level of the liquid source H, and-temperature was studied. The transfer rates were lower than those observed with glass beakers, in agreement with theory. For beaker fillings with a level difference of l mm and at a temperature of 1.66 K, the measured transfer rates may be described by the relation sigma = 4.8 H/sup -0.21/ x 10/sup -5/ cm/ sup 2//s, where H is in cm. (auth)

Assessment of left ventricular performance in man. Instantaneous tension-velocity-length relations obtained with the aid of an electromagnetic velocity catheter in the ascending aorta.

A three-dimensional construct of the tension-velocity-length relations of the intact human heart has been obtained in 17 patients by measurement of instantaneous ascending aortic flow velocity, left ventricular (LV) high-fidelity pressure, and end-diastolic volume. Left ventricular instantaneous volume was determined by subtracting the integral of the flow trace, obtained with an electromagnetic velocity catheter, at each 5-sec interval from the end-diastolic volume measured on a biplane left ventriculogram. By utilizing a thin-walled spherical model for the LV, instantaneous velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (V CF ), wall tension, and circumferential length were calculated and plotted with the aid of a computer on a three-dimensional perspective graph. The resulting tension-velocity-length relations in seven patients with normal LV function were clearly separated from those of 10 patients with abnormal LV function. Of velocity indices alone, peak V CF in circumferences/sec (circ/sec) provided the best statistical separation between the groups with normal and abnormal ventricular function (2.54 ± 0.18 [ sem ] circ/sec and 1.09 ± 0.15 circ/sec, respectively) ( P < 0.001). The time to peak V CF averaged 194 ± 13.2 msec and 167 ± 9.3 msec in the patients with normal and abnormal ventricular function, respectively ( P > 0.05). Likewise, V CF at peak tension was significantly greater in the patients with normal as opposed to abnormal LV function (1.77 ± 0.10 and 0.93 ± 0.15 circ/sec, respectively) ( P < 0.001). Time to peak tension was 138 ± 14.8 msec and 182 ± 17.1 msec in the normal and abnormal patients, respectively ( P > 0.05). Mean V CF also served to separate the two groups, averaging 1.35 ± 0.07 and 0.72 ± 0.10 circ/sec in the patients with normal and abnormal ventricular performance, respectively ( P < 0.001). Peak wall tension did not differ significantly between the two patient groups, averaging 231.4 ± 15.7 and 273.3 ± 16.4 g/cm in the patients with normal and abnormal ventricular function, respectively. Peak instantaneous power was higher in the normal compared to the abnormal group, averaging 8.39 ± 0.83 and 5.91 ± 0.60 kg-cm/sec per cm of circumference, respectively ( P < 0.05). It is concluded that a three-dimensional construct of left ventricular circumferential velocity, tension, and length during ejection is readily obtainable during diagnostic cardiac catheterization and provides a sensitive and comprehensive description of LV myocardial function in man.

Treating the Damaged Achilles Tendon

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> TheQUESTIONS AND ANSWERSsection ofThe Journal(<b>218</b>:103,1971) discussed treatment of a postoperative wound slough exposing the Achilles tendon. Pickrell's response is in accord with the conventional wisdom on this matter, in which I believed until a recent case caused me to revise my thinking. A 28-year-old man developed a suppurative ulceration, 7 cm in circumference, over the insertion of the Achilles tendon. Approximately the distal one-half inch of the tendon was destroyed and it was detached from its insertion. Measures were undertaken to clean the wound in preparation for a pedicle graft. Before this could be accomplished, the patient was charged with parole violation and spent two months in the county jail. Upon his release, he returned, and reconstitution of the Achilles tendon with granulations overlying the entire tendon had taken place. The wound was clean, and the ulceration which was at this time

On the morphological development and the changes of chemical composition in relation to the growth of hyacinth

1. Hyacinth (var. Queen of the Blues) bulbs of 13cm in circumference were planted in the field of Toyama prefecture, and their morphological development and changes of chemical composition during the growing season were studied.2. The separation of a new growing point from the old one took place at the early stage of flower differentiation that began in mid-June, and it differentiated 2 or 3 scaly leaves and several normal leaves, which reached their completion shortly before harvest. The scaly leaves and the bottom parts of normal leaves remaining in the bulb developed to new scales with the progress of growth.3. Leaves attained to their maximum length and weight in mid-May, after which the weight decreased gradually. The moisture contents of leaves indicated no apparent changes all through the growing period, except the time of shooting when it increased a little. The circumference of bulbs somewhat decreased in mid-April as the result of stretching of inflorescence out of bulb, followed by a continuous increase up to harvest in mid-June.4. The weight of old scales decreased gradually from the planting and rapidly from the shooting to the flowering time in mid-April, and the moisture content of old scales became a little higher. Later on, the weight continued to increase, and the moisture content to decrease.5. The changes of scaly and normal leaves into scales by thickening and increasing their weight started in the period from late April to early May. The increase of weight continued without pause till harvest accompanying the gradual lowering of the moisture content.6. The nitrogen amount in tops showed a rapid increase till the end of April, and little change during the first half of May, followed by a rapid decrease. In old scales, on the other hand, it fairly decreased for a short time after planting and then maintained that level till the end of April, then increased continuously through the period from early May to harvest. New scales generally showed the same increase of nitrogen amount as that of old scales.7. The changes of the amount of phosphorus in each part of plant indicated nearly the same trends as those of nitrogen. And magnesium amount also showed approximately the same type of changes.8. Potassium concentration in each part of plant, except a sudden drop in new scales in mid-April, kept almost a constant level. Therefore the changes of potassium amount in each part of plant nearly coincided with the changes of dry matter weight.9. The changes of calcium amount in tops and new scales remarkably differed from those of the other elements in respect to that it constantly increased throughout the nearly whole growing period. In old cales, calcium amount did not show any noticeable change throughout the growing period except a temporal rapid increase in mid-May.10. Reserved carbohydrates in the hyacinth bulb were non-reducing sugar of approximately 40% on dry matter basis and starch of about half of that amount. In old scales, the amount of non-reducing sugar decreased remarkably in the period from the planting to the flowering, and starch disappeared utterly in this period, which were restored again thereafter. In new scales, the accumulation of carbohydrates began a little later than in old scales starting early in May. In general, concentrations of carbohydrates were higher in new scales than in old scales.11. Considering the progress of growth from the nutritional view point, the growth period of hyacinth may be divided into the following six stages:I. Stage of root system development (planting-thawing), II. Stage of earlier top-growth (thawing-mid-April), III. Stage of later top-growth (late April-early May), IV. Stage of earlier bulb weight increase (early May-mid-May), V. Stage of later bulb weight increase (mid-May-early June), VI. Stage of maturity (early June-harvest).

Size of blood pressure cuff for Japanese adults.

Blood pressure of Japanese male and female subjects with various arm size was experimentally measured with cuffs of various length and width and the following results were obtained. 1) In subjects with large arm, readings of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher with the shorter cuff and lower with the long cuff. If cuffs longer than 26 cm were used, the variation of blood pressure reading resulting from the use of different length of cuff became very small and negligible even in subjects with arm of more than 30 cm in circumference. 2) The readings of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were unlimitedly lower if the wider cuff was used. Both in male and female subjects, this relation between width of cuff and blood pressure reading was found to be almost same in any arm size group. From the point of view that size of cuff should be standardized to minimize the systematic errors resulting from the use of different size of cuff, the authors suggested that the length and width of cuff for Japanese adults should be strictly fixed to 26 cm and 14 cm respectively. The reasons for the choice of this standard were also discussed.

運動負荷が放射線障害に及ぼす影響に関する実験的研究

C57-Black female mi e were divided into the next 7 groups for the purpose of examining the effects of the exhaustive physical exer ise before and after the irradiation.Group 1. Exercised for 30 minutes directly before the irradiation (RE pre-30 m.)Group 2. Exercised for 1 hour directly before the irradiation (RE pre-1h)Group 3. Exercised for 2 hours directly before the irra iat on (RE pre-2h)Group 4. Exercised for 1 hour after the irradiation (RE post) This exercise was continued for 30 days at the rate of 1 hour per day and 6 days per week after irradiation.Group 5. Exercised control (EC) This exercise was the similar as that in Group 4Group 6. Radiated control (RC)Group 7. “Thyradin” injected (TR)“Thyradin” (thyroid preparation) was injected 0.2 c. c. (contains 10 γ of iodine) per 10 grams of body weight, and then the animals were exposed to X-ray on the 7th day after irradiation. Exercised groups were made to run in the cylindrical tread-mill (80 cm in circumference, 8 rotations per minute, i.e. the animals have to run at a speed of 6.4 m per minute).Irradiated groups received 600 r, 660 r aud 840 r of X-ray at 99 r per minute.Gas analyses were done in order to evaluate the metabolic level of the exercise on one mouse in each group which was made to run in another tread-mill of the same diameter, rotating in the same speed as one described above, and located in an air-tight chamber shown in fig. 1. The air sample from this chamber was analysed with Scholander's apparatus.This results are as follows:1) The metabolism increased by the exercise showing 33.85% (mean) increased of the oxygen consumption.2) The metabolism was accelerated gradually by the “Thyradin” treatment arriving the maximum arround the 6th day after the injection, showing 42.99% of the increase of oxygen consumption.3) The survival rate in the groups which were exercised before the irradiation was higher than that in the group of radiated control and the group exercised after the irradiation. The difference of the survival rate detween the groups exercised before the irradiation and the groups exercised after the irradiation was significant (P<0.05).4) The survival rate in the groups which were exercised before the irradiation was not in proportion to the quantity of the exercise before the irradiation.5) The metabolism was increased by the injection of “Thyradin” and lowered the survival rate.6) The weight in the gronp of radiated control dropped down day by day, but in the group exercised before the irradiation began to recover after three weeks of irradiation.7) The weight in the group in ected “T yradin” decrease extremely 2 weeks after the irradiation.