An important trend in the development of Russia’s modern innovation economy is the creation of clusters that integrate various types of scientific organizations, industrial enterprises, and infrastructure support organizations. The cluster structures that are being created become active innovation growth points for Russian regions, contributing to the development of the National Innovation System. At the same time, an important task is their systematization as a necessary stage in the development of the theory and practice of cluster building. In his study, the author develops a typology of clusters based on 10 classification attributes, including the degree of cluster maturity, its industry affiliation, type of production activities, etc. The developed typology can be used both as part of scientific research and as a practical tool in the implementation of the real cluster formation project. In the final part of the study, the author develops the definition of a new type of cluster structures-intellectual innovation and industrial cluster.