Cloud Point Measurements Research Articles

Vinyl lactam-based copolymers and terpolymers as high cloud point kinetic hydrate inhibitors in methane-THF-water system

A series of vinyl lactam-based polymers were synthesized and then evaluated as kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) in methane-tetrahydrofuran (THF)-water system. The inhibition performance of synthesized KHIs was examined and compared with commercially-available KHIs using a high-pressure rocking cell. The VCap/1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) copolymer with a molar ratio of 3:1 could reduce hydrate growth rate by 18% greater than poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCap). Moreover, the modification of this copolymer with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) led to producing the novel KHI that more effectively decreased hydrate growth rate than non-modified copolymer. Moreover, the addition of 2-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as a third monomer to the polymerization mixture improved the performance of the copolymers by 20%. Cloud point measurements revealed that all the synthesized copolymers, the modified copolymers and the terpolymers had higher cloud point in comparison with PVCap, such that cloud point temperature (Tcl) for mercaptoacetic acid (MAA)-modified copolymer and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA)-modified copolymer was 43 and 20 °C higher than that of PVCap and these modified copolymers could be developed as novel high cloud point kinetic hydrate inhibitors even in saline solutions.

Oligomer/Polymer Blend Phase Diagram and Surface Concentration Profiles for Squalane/Polybutadiene: Experimental Measurements and Predictions from SAFT-γ Mie and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The compatibility and surface behavior of squalane–polybutadiene mixtures are studied by experimental cloud point and neutron reflectivity measurements, statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A SAFT-γ Mie model is shown to be successful in capturing the cloud point curves of squalane–polybutadiene and squalane–cis-polybutadiene binary mixtures, and the same SAFT-γ Mie model is used to develop a thermodynamically consistent top-down coarse-grained force field to describe squalane–polybutadiene. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study surface behavior for different concentrations of squalane, with the system exhibiting surface enrichment and a wetting transition. Simulated surface profiles are compared with those obtained by fitting to neutron reflectivity data obtained from thin films composed of deuterated squalane (d-sq)–polybutadiene. The presented top-down parametrization methodology is a fast and thermodynamically reliable approach for predicting properties of oligomer–polymer mixtures, which can be challenging for either theory or MD simulations alone.

Fabrication of membranes of polyethersulfone and poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone): influence of glycerol on processing and transport properties

AbstractIn this study, we focus on membranes of polyethersulfone and poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) and elucidate the influence of composition on the rheological, diffusion and precipitation properties of solutions which are used for membrane preparation via a non‐solvent‐induced phase separation process. The low‐molar‐mass component of the solution is a mixture of the solvent N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and the non‐solvent glycerol. Cloud point, viscosity and diffusion measurements as well as precipitation experiments were performed in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the time dependence of the precipitation process. The addition of glycerol yields an increase of viscosity and a stronger tendency for demixing. The enhanced tendency for demixing causes a more rapid precipitation process. The average relaxation time of the solution as a function of glycerol concentration follows a similar trend to its viscosity. The increase of viscosity is associated with the increase of the monomeric friction coefficient. Two diffusive processes with clearly separated time scales appear in dynamic light scattering experiments in the presence of glycerol. This phenomenon is discussed taking into account the phase behaviour of the solution and the quality of the solvent. The addition of glycerol yields a lower pure water permeance whereas the molecular weight cut‐off is not altered in the ultrafiltration range. © 2020 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Interaction of moxifloxacin hydrochloride with sodium dodecyl sulfate and tween 80: Conductivity & phase separation methods

Herein, antibiotic moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MFH) drug interaction with surfactants has been studied by means of the conductometric as well as cloud point (TCP) measurement techniques in the absence and presence of different electrolytes. In this study sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and Tween-80 (Tw-80) were used as anionic and non-ionic surfactants respectively. For pure surfactant (SDS) and (SDS+MFH) mixture two clear critical micelles concentration (c⁎) values denoted by c*1 (first) and c*2 (second) were observed. Variation of the c⁎ values in various systems signifies the interaction among the studied systems. The spontaneous surfactant assembly and stability of that aggregates were illustrated from the negative ∆G0m values of SDS/(SDS + MFH) in the H2O/ H2O + electrolytes medium. From ∆H0m and ∆S0m values it is clear that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are present between SDS as well as MFH. Various thermodynamic parameters of micellization were also determined. In the clouding phenomenon of Tw-80, the cloud pint (TCP) values were decreased with the enhancing content of Tw-80. In the presence of drug + salts, the TCP values decreased dramatically with additive concentration. The obtaining ∆G0c values were positive which indicates the non-spontaneity of clouding. On the other hand, the values of ∆H0c and ∆S0c show the presence of electrostatic/ hydrophobic relations among MFH & Tw-80. Various thermodynamic properties of transfer were also determined as well as explained thoroughly for both studied systems.

Influence of Different Additives on the Interaction of Quinolone Antibiotic Drug with Surfactant: Conductivity and Cloud Point Measurement Study

AbstractConductometric and cloud point (CP) measurement studies have been performed to investigate the interaction of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and Triton® X‐100 (TX‐100) with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFH) in different solvents over the temperature range of 295.15–315.15 K. CFH is used for the treatment of various bacterial infections. The observed critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of TTAB were found to be reduced in the presence of electrolytes (Na2SO4/Na3PO4), and this reduction proceeds with the elevation of salt concentration. The order of the CMC of TTAB follows the trend: > >. The observed CMC values of TTAB were found to increase with increasing temperature and decrease with increasing concentration of CFH in aqueous medium. The values of Gibbs free energy of micellization () for the TTAB/TTAB + CFH mixture were found to be negative, implying spontaneous micellization. The estimated CP of TX‐100 decreases with increasing concentration of TX‐100 in aqueous medium. The CP values first decrease with increasing concentration of CFH and then increase at higher concentration of CFH almost in all cases investigated. The values of free energy of clouding were found to be positive in all cases studied implying that phase separation of TX‐100 was nonspontaneous. The other thermodynamic parameters associated with the micellization of TTAB and the phase separation of TX‐100 were estimated and explained.

Effect of Ion Concentration on the Formation of Bicontinuous Microemulsions in Partially Charged Ternary Polymer Blends

We describe the formation of bicontinuous microemulsions (BμE) from a series of three model charged ternary polymer blends comprising an AB diblock copolymer and the constituent A and B homopolymers, where A is a partially charged poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)] (POEGMA) block with systematically tuned ion concentration and B is a neutral polystyrene (PS) block. The mole fraction of charged groups in the POEGMA block and the corresponding POEGMA homopolymer was 7, 23, or 36%. The phase diagrams of ternary blends with variable ion concentrations have been mapped out along the volumetrically symmetric isopleth by using a combination of rheology, small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering, and cloud point measurements. A well-defined BμE channel is found over an unusually wide range of homopolymer compositions (2–7%), in the proximity of the Lifshitz multicritical point anticipated by mean-field theory. While the ion concentration significantly impacts both the morphological length scale and the extent of the BμE phase over a wide range of compositions and temperatures, it is remarkable that the BμE persists over a significant range of segregation strength. This study provides new insight into the rational design of charged ternary polymer blends to tune the structural characteristics of the BμE by modulating ion concentration.

P.570 Effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on mutant huntingtin aggregation, cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and motor impairment of Huntington's disease model

The phase behavior of binary mixtures of non-crystallizable racemic poly (d, l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) and the mosquito-repellent/drug N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) was analyzed with respect to the effect of the polymer molar mass on the liquid-liquid (L–L) phase separation characteristics, by cloud-point measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. The PDLLA/DEET system shows a subambient upper critical solution temperature (UCST), with the critical temperature decreasing and critical polymer concentration increasing with decreasing molar mass of PDLLA. The obtained L–L phase separation curves were used to estimate the temperature-dependence of the interaction parameter, confirming that the enhanced miscibility of the system components in case of low molar mass PDLLA is due to increased entropy of mixing.

Clouding and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Triton X-100 in the Presence of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride: Influence of Polyols

Herein, the cloud point (CP) measurement of Triton X-100 (TX-100) in aqueous/polyols medium has been performed in the absence/presence of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFH) antibiotic drug and demonstrated in detail. The executed CP values of TX-100 in H2O/polyols were obtained to be decreased with an increase of concentration of TX-100 up to a certain value, and then increased with the further increase of the concentration of TX-100. The CP values were reduced in the presence of CFH in all cases. The obtained CP values of TX-100 were lower in the presence of polyols as compared to that in an aqueous medium and reduced further with the subsequent rise of the polyols concentration. The Gibbs free energy of clouding (ΔGc0) was positive in all cases. The enthalpy of clouding (ΔHc0) and entropy of clouding (ΔSc0) as well as transfer properties of the clouding of TX-100 were evaluated in aqueous/polyols media in the absence/attendance of CFH and discussed thoroughly. The more spontaneous clouding phenomenon in the presence of polyols is indicated by the negative value of free energy of transfer (ΔGc,tr0). The entropy–enthalpy compensation was observed in all cases studied.

Poly(2-propyl-2-oxazoline)s in Aqueous Methanol: To Dissolve or not to Dissolve

At room temperature, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is soluble in water and methanol, but it is not soluble in certain water/methanol mixtures. This phenomenon, known as cononsolvency, has been explored in great detail experimentally and theoretically in an attempt to understand the complex interactions occurring in the ternary PNIPAM/water/co-nonsolvent system. Yet little is known about the effects of the polymer structure on cononsolvency. To address this point, we investigated the temperature-dependent solution properties in water, methanol, and mixtures of the two solvents of poly(2-cyclopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PcyPOx) and two structural isomers of PNIPAM (Mn ∼ 11 kg/mol): poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx) and poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PnPOx). The phase diagram of the ternary water/methanol/poly(2-propyl-2-oxazolines) (PPOx) systems, constructed based on cloud point (TCP) measurements, revealed that PnPOx exhibits cononsolvency in water/methanol mixtures. In contrast, methanol acts as a cosolvent for PiPOx and PcyPOx in water. The enthalpy, ΔH, and temperature, Tmax, of the coil-to-globule transition of the three polymers in various water/methanol mixtures were measured by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. Tmax follows the same trends as TCP, confirming the cononsolvency of PnPOx and the cosolvency of PiPOx and PcyPOx. ΔH decreases linearly as a function of the methanol content for all PPOx systems. Ancillary high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy studies of PPOx solutions in D2O and methanol-d4, coupled with DOSY and NOESY experiments revealed that the n-propyl group of PnPOx rotates freely in D2O, whereas the rotation of the isopropyl and cyclopropyl groups of PiPOx and PcyPOx, respectively, is limited due to steric restriction. This factor appears to play an important role in the case of the PPOxs/water/methanol ternary system.

Conformation and solubility of poly(ethylene oxide) in polymer-surfactant complex at high-temperature and high-salinity conditions

The solubility of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with molecular weight (MW) ranging from 300,000 to 6,000,000 g/mol was studied in aqueous solution in the presence of salt (sodium chloride, [NaCl] = 1 M) at various temperatures by cloud point measurement. All PEO solutions exhibited phase separation at temperature above 78 ± 1 °C, the cloud point was independent of PEO chain length within the selected range of MW. An anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and a cationic surfactant dodecyl tri-methyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) was added into the PEO solutions, respectively, to successfully eliminate the precipitation of the polymer at higher temperature (up to 90 °C). However, the effects of SDS and DTAC on the cloud point of PEO at various surfactant concentrations, as well as the rheological behaviors of PEO/SDS and PEO/DTAC solutions were completely different. This observation leads to a study of the molecular structures formed by PEO and the surfactants. The interactions between a monodisperse and short-chain PEO (MW = 20,000 g/mol) and the surfactants at molecular level were investigated via two-dimensional NMR techniques. Based on these results, two different conformations of PEO in PEO/SDS and PEO/DTAC complex were proposed and a saturation concentration of SDS binding to PEO backbone was determined. The findings in this study provide evidences that molecular interaction between a polymer and a surfactant in solution strongly affect the solubility of the polymer and the rheological property of the solution.

Competition between Liquid-liquid De-mixing, Crystallization, and Glass Transition in Solutions of PLA of Different Stereochemistry and DEET

Liquid-liquid (L-L) de-mixing and vitrification of solutions of either crystallizable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) or non-crystallizable poly(D/L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) with 50 m% N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) were analyzed by calorimetry and cloud-point measurements, which allows drawing conclusions about the effect of polymer stereochemistry on the phase behavior. Regardless of the PLA stereochemistry, vitrification of the solutions on fast cooling, hindering crystallization of PLLA, occurred below −20 °C and suppressed prior L-L de-mixing. The experimental results prove that crystallization in samples containing crystallizable PLLA, observed at around 55 °C on slow cooling, is not preceded by L-L de-mixing.

Measuring cloud point pressures by image analysis: A simple and reproducible alternative method to direct visual determination

In this work, we propose an easy to implement and use methodology to measure cloud point pressures in supercritical carbon dioxide without the need for a specific setup. This method is based on the analysis of images issued from the video recording of solution changes occurring while the pressure is changed. This alternative analytical method demonstrates higher repeatability, higher accuracy than direct visual determination and enables in the case of complex architectures like block copolymers to infer additional information from cloud point measurements.

Thermodynamic analysis of polymer solutions for the production of polymeric membranes

Phase separation is a commonly used mechanism for the preparation of porous filtration membranes. In order to control the membrane structures for obtaining required membrane characteristics and performances, the examination of the thermodynamics of the membrane formation mechanisms is essential. This is why several studies have already been conducted to determine the phase diagrams of polymeric casting solution systems. However, most of the commonly used methods have certain limitations. This is the reason why a new method for the investigation of ternary polymeric systems was developed and evaluated in this study. The new method provides reproducible data which does not only provide information on the position of the binodal curve but also on the compositions of the phases which are formed after the phase separation. The tie-lines of the ternary system polyethersulfone/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidon/water were determined at different temperatures and compared to cloud point titrations conducted under the same experimental conditions. It could be shown that the location of the miscibility gap of the examined system is not visibly dependent on the phase separation temperature within the examined temperature range, especially in the region of the polymer-poor phases. This finding was comparable in all experiments, irrespectively of the method which was used. However, in the region of the polymer-rich phases within the phase diagram, the results of both methods differ from each other as the binodal determined by the tie-line method showed a temperature-dependent shift which cannot be found for the binodal curves extrapolated from cloud point measurements. Apart from determining the binodal curves, the molecular weight distributions of the polymer in the polymer-poor and the polymer-rich phases were determined in the frame of the tie-line determination. Hereby it was found that the distribution in the polymer-poor phase shows a temperature-dependence, as the average molecular weight raised from around 6 kDa at 10 °C to above 10 kDa at 40 °C.

All-atom molecular dynamics study on the non-solvent induced phase separation: Thermodynamics of adding water to poly(vinylidene fluoride)/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution.

The change in the thermodynamics when adding water in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution is studied from all atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This is done by estimating the free energy of mixing of PVDF/NMP solution with increasing volume fraction of water (ϕw) using an appropriately chosen thermodynamic cycle and the Bennett acceptance ratio method. The MD calculations predict the thermodynamic phase separation point of water/NMP/PVDF to be at ϕw = 0.08, in close agreement with the experimental cloud point measurement (ϕw = 0.05). Examining the enthalpic and entropic components of the free energy of mixing reveals that at low concentrations of water, the enthalpy term has the most significant contribution to the miscibility of the ternary system, whereas at higher concentrations of water, the entropy term dominates. Finally, the free energy of mixing was compared with the Flory-Huggins (FH) free energy of mixing by computing the concentration-dependent interaction parameters from MD simulations. The FH model inadequately predicted the miscibility of the PVDF solution, mainly due to its negligence of the excess entropy of mixing.

Adsorption and aggregation properties of alkoxy-group-modified homogeneous polyoxyethylene alkyl ether nonionic surfactants

The development of new surfactants with interesting properties and new functionalities that can be controlled in a simple manner is an important industrial objective. Herein, we report the synthesis of homogeneous polyoxyethylene (EO) alkyl ether nonionic surfactants modified with alkoxy groups (C12EO8OR, where C12 and EO8 are dodecyl and octaoxyethylene chains, respectively, and R = Me and Et) from a homogeneous EO-type hexaoxyethylene dodecyl ether (C12EO6) and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether. The adsorption and aggregation properties of these surfactants were characterized through cloud point and surface tension measurements, and by small-angle X-ray scattering, polarization microscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy; these properties were compared to those of previously reported homogeneous EO-type (C12EO8) and polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene type surfactants (C12EO8POy, y = 1, 2, 3). The introduction of a methoxy or ethoxy group at the terminus of the EO chain in C12EO8 resulted in an increase in hydrophobicity and a greatly reduced cloud point. Substitution of the terminal hydroxy group of the EO chain in C12EO8 with methoxy and then ethoxy led to increasingly lower surface tensions in solution and more efficient air/water interfacial adsorption. C12EO8OR formed small micelles at low concentrations in solution, and the micelles of C12EO8OMe transformed to hexagonal liquid crystals with increasing surfactant concentration, whereas C12EO8OEt remained to form micelles even at high concentration; that is, the introduction of bulkier functional groups into the C12EO8 surfactant helps to control the formation of aggregates with higher-order structures.

Synthesis of Polyphosphate-Loaded Nanoparticles Using Inverse Miniemulsion Polymerization for Sustained Delivery to the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Polyphosphate salts, such as sodium hexametaphosphate (PPi), are effective in the attenuation of collagenase and biofilm production and prevention of anastomotic leak in mice models. However, systemic administration of polyphosphate solutions to the gut presents a series of difficulties such as uncontrolled delivery to target and off-site tissues. In this article a process to produce PPi-loaded poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel nanoparticles through miniemulsion polymerization is developed. The effects of using a polyphosphate salt, as compared to a monophosphate salt, is investigated through cloud point measurements, which is then translated to a change in the required HLB of the miniemulsion system. A parametric study is developed and yields a way to control particle swelling ratio and mean diameter based on the surfactant and/or initiator concentration, among other parameters. Finally, release kinetics of two different crosslink density particles shows a sustained and tunable release of the encapsulated polyphosphate.

Influence of Different Additives on the Clouding Nature and Thermodynamic Behavior of Tween 80 Solution in the Absence and Presence of the Amikacin Sulfate Drug

Herein, the cloud-point (CP) measurements of a nonionic surface-active agent named Tween 80 [poly(oxyethylene) (20) sorbitanmonooleate; Tw 80] were carried out in this study in the absence and attendance of an amikacin sulfate (AS) drug/(AS+ inorganic electrolyte (NaCl, NaNO3 and Na2SO4)). AS drug has been utilized to treat or prevent a wide range of bacterial infections. The measured values of CP in the aqueous phase for Tw 80 were observed in decreasing fashion with an increase in the concentration of surfactant. The obtained values of CP for Tw 80 solution were also noticed to decrease with increasing drug concentration. The determined CP values for (surfactant + drug) mixture were observed to decrease for the electrolytes’ participation with respect to their nonparticipation, and the presence of electrolytes (sodium salts) in declining CP measurement was recorded and followed the order NaCl > NaNO3 > Na2SO4. The ΔGc0 values are found to be positive that denotes the character of clouding is nonspontane...

Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes with tailored properties by fast and scalable non-solvent vapor induced phase separation

Hydrophobic and highly porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes with isotropic cross section as well as tunable and narrow barrier pore size distribution in the range from ~0.1 to ~1 µm have been prepared using the non-solvent vapor induced phase separation (VIPS) technique. The process conditions have been tuned to suit an industrial scale up, using a short production time and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent for PVDF, instead of commonly used hazardous chemicals. Factors like kind of solvent, the relative humidity of air, the exposure time to humid air and the mass fraction of PVDF in the casting solutions have been used to tune membrane characteristics. Interestingly, it was revealed that DMSO as a less common solvent for PVDF shows better qualities regarding upscaling than other more frequently used polar aprotic solvents (e.g. dimethylacetamide) when using VIPS under suited conditions. The phenomenon was explained through investigations of the membrane formation step, in particular by water uptake and cloud point measurements, as well as structure and performance analyses, e.g. by scanning electron microscopy, gas flow/liquid dewetting permpometry, gas and water vapor permeability analyses and liquid water entry pressure measurements. Lab-scale manufactured membranes showed pore characteristics and performance desired for membrane contactor applications. Furthermore, fabrication on a roll-to-roll machine using a nonwoven support and the established VIPS conditions was realized in a short manufacturing time; resulting membranes structure and characteristics were found to be similar to the ones for the lab-scale membranes. Overall, the combination of PVDF with DMSO gives promising opportunities for a more eco-friendly industrial fabrication of porous membranes with advanced properties via VIPS.

Investigation of the interaction of levofloxacin hemihydrate with surfactants in the occurrence of salts: Conductivity and cloud point measurement

Conductometric and cloud point (CP) measurement techniques have been employed in order to investigate the interaction of antibiotic drug levofloxacin hemihydrate (LFH) with anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as well as a non-ionic surfactant Tween-80 (Tw-80; polyethylene sorbitol ester) in the absence/occurrence of various salts over the temperature range 298.15–318.15 K keeping regular interval of 5 K. Two clear c* values were extracted for pure SDS along with (SDS + LFH) mixtures where the increase and decrease of c* values due to the addition of LFH and salts respectively demonstrated the happened interaction among the studied components where salts provided a convenient environment for aggregation of surfactants. Negative ∆G°m values of SDS in H2O/(SDS + LFH) mixtures revealed the spontaneous assembling of surfactant molecules and the stability of the aggregates. The values of ∆H°m and ∆S°m indicate the existence of hydrophobic & electrostatic interactions between drug (LFH) and surfactant (SDS). Enthalpy and entropy contributions on the standard free energy of micellization were also calculated. The CP magnitudes of Tween-80 were reduced with increasing its concentration. The occurrence of LFH/(LFH + salts) boosted to lessening the CP values. The positive ∆G°c values suggested the non-spontaneity of clouding while the obtained ∆H°c and ∆S°c values of this CP study demonstrated the two significant accelerating impacts (electrostatic/hydrophobic interactions) between LFH & Tw-80. The thermodynamic properties of transfer for both techniques were also evaluated and analyzed in detail in the current study.

Fabrication and evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying oil formulations (SNEOFs) of Efavirenz

The current work designed to fabricate and evaluate self-nanoemulsfying oil formulations (SNEOFs) of Efavirenz (Efz) a BCS class II drug with the objective of increasing its solubility as well as in vitro dissolution rate for improvisation of bioavailability. Preliminary screening of drug which includes solubility, emulsifying ability and ternary phase diagrams was carried out to fabricate SNEOFs. Various thermodynamic stability studies were exercised to find out the stable SNEOFs. Robustness to dilution, % transmittance and turbidity, droplet size analysis, TEM study, cloud point measurement, viscosity and refractive index were executed on the stable SNEOFs to characterize the delivery system. FTIR study was adopted for the compatibility of the additives with the drug. In vitro release profiles of SNEOFs compared with Efz, percent dissolution efficiency (DE) and dissolution half-life (t50) were evaluated. A low percent DE (30.12%) and high t50 was obtained for Efz whereas all SNEOFs showed a DE of greater than 78.48% and less than 9 min t50. The optimized SNEOFs (F8) demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in bioavailability over Efz. Thus the designed optimized delivery system could be instrumental in increasing aqueous solubility of Efz, improving its release performance and enhancement of oral absorption.