Cloud Chart Research Articles

面向小粒蔬菜种子的气吸排种器排种性能试验

Vegetable precision planting agronomy is suitable for my country's current vegetable planting system, and the air-suction vegetable precision planter is currently the most important work tool in my country. This paper designs a kind of air-absorbing vegetable precision sower for the problems of small vegetable seeds with small grains, poor mobility and high difficulty in achieving uniform sowing of small seeds. First, Fluent software is used to simulate and analyze the flow field of the air chamber in the seed metering device, and the pressure and velocity of the fluid in the air chamber are analyzed. Through the comparison of the pressure distribution cloud chart and the velocity distribution cloud chart, the influence of different apertures, holes, vacuum degree, and gas chamber depth on the flow field of the gas chamber is analyzed. The air suction seed discharger test bench was set up and orthogonal test was carried out, and the test results showed that the optimal parameter combination was 3.5 kPa vacuum degree of the air chamber, 2.4 mm diameter of the type hole, and 18 r/min rotational speed of the seed discharging disk. The high-speed photographic test was carried out under the optimal parameter combination, and the results showed that leakage of suction, adsorption of 1 seed, and adsorption of multiple seeds appeared in the process of suction, and it is important for the development of the air suction precision machine for small seeded vegetables with better performance. The results showed that the phenomenon of leakage, adsorption of 1 seed and adsorption of multiple seeds occurred in the process of seed suction, which provided a reference basis for the development of a better performance of the air-absorption precision planter for small seeds.

The immediate effect of cervical rotation-traction manipulation on cervical paravertebral soft tissue: a study using soft tissue tension cloud chart technology

BackgroundTo evaluate the reliability of the Soft Tissue Tension Cloud Chart (STTCC) technology, an original method combining multi-point Cervical Paravertebral Soft Tissue Test (CPSTT) with MATLAB software, we conducted a preliminary analysis on the immediate effects of Orthopaedic Manual Therapy (OMT) on cervical paravertebral soft tissue.Methods30 patients with Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy (CSR) were included in this study. We analyzed the differences in CPSTT before and after treatment with Cervical Rotation-Traction Manipulation (CRTM), a representative OMT technique in Traditional Chinese Medicine, using the STTCC technology.ResultsThe STTCC results demonstrated that post-treatment CPSTT levels in CSR patients were significantly lower than pre-treatment levels after application of CRTM, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Additionally, pre-treatment CPSTT levels on the symptomatic side (with radicular pain or numbness) were higher across the C5 to C7 vertebrae compared to the asymptomatic side (without symptoms) (P < 0.001). However, this difference disappeared after CRTM treatment (P = 0.231).ConclusionsThe STTCC technology represents a reliable method for analyzing the immediate effects of OMT. CSR patients display uneven distribution of CPSTT characterized by higher tension on the symptomatic side. CRTM not only reduces overall cervical soft tissue tension in CSR patients, but can also balance the asymmetrical tension between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (Website: .https://www.chictr.org.cn.) on 20/04/2021 and the Registration Number is ChiCTR2100045648.

Finite element analysis and optimal design of robotic arm

With the rapid development of modern industry and Robotics, industrial robots are widely used in manufacturing. However, because of the high price of industrial robot systems on the market, industrial robots are limited to the production of small and medium-sized enterprises. Against this background, this paper fully investigates the development process and research status of industrial manipulators at home and abroad, and designs a six-degree-of-freedom economic industrial manipulator. ANSYS Workbench software is used to analyze the statics of the arm and the whole machine, and the equivalent stress cloud map and the displacement and deformation cloud chart are obtained. The static strength and stiffness of the large arm and the whole machine are analyzed, and the reliability of the structure is verified. Then adopting the optimization module in the software, the multi-objective optimization design of the large arm is carried out. The size of the structure is reduced and the quality is reduced by 14.7% in the case that the large arm meets the requirements of the allowable stress and the maximum displacement. The target of the optimization design is realized.

Product design evaluation based on improved CRITIC and Comprehensive Cloud-TOPSIS – Applied to automotive styling design evaluation

To tackle the challenge of achieving more reasonably calculation of evaluation indicator weights and a more scientifically rigorous scoring system for ranking in product design evaluation, a novel evaluation model that leverages improved CRITIC (Criteria Improved Criteria Importance) and CC-TOPSIS (Comprehensive Cloud-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is proposed. Firstly, the process commences with the collection of qualitative product evaluations from respondents through questionnaires, presented in the form of fuzzy confidence intervals. Subsequently, these evaluations are transformed into generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, and their center of gravity values are calculated. Secondly, after the weight for each evaluation indicator is calculated employing an enhanced CRITIC approach, a weight cloud model utilizing the backward cloud methodology is constructed. Subsequently, the scoring cloud model is generated as a backward cloud, followed by the application of an enhanced synthesis operator to amalgamate the weight cloud model with the scoring cloud model, culminating in the formation of a comprehensive cloud model. Finally, the product design schemes are ranked using the Cloud-TOPSIS method, and a cloud chart analysis provides insights into optimization directions. The utilization of this methodology in assessing automotive styling design serves as a compelling showcase of its practicality and efficiency, in addition to, the method's resilience is further bolstered through a sensitivity analysis of the evaluation indicators. This method adeptly computes the weights of evaluation indicators, while also addressing the inherent variability in weight values and incorporates the benefits of Cloud Model and TOPSIS in the evaluation of product design alternatives, ultimately elevating the rationality and the scientific underpinnings of the product design evaluation process.

Ab. No. 132 Phenomenological Exploration of Ethical Challenges Faced by Physiotherapy Professionals During Research Supervision: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Although ethical guidelines are available, they are not always followed during physiotherapy research. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the experiences of academic professionals in physiotherapy regarding ethical issues while supervising research conducted by physiotherapy students and scholars. Physiotherapy professionals working in academia often face ethical challenges when guiding their postgraduate students in their research responsibilities. However, there is a lack of published literature on these issues in India and our region. Methods: Ten faculty members from recognized physiotherapy teaching institutions with minimum 10 years in permanent teaching position and at least 5 years as recognized postgraduate supervisors. The phenomenological qualitative study design was implemented to conduct in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 physiotherapy faculty members using both face-to-face (n=1) and telephone interview methods (n=9) till data saturation. Word-to-word verbatim of transcribed audio recordings were used in inductive thematic analysis. Trustworthiness/ Research rigor was determined according to Lincoln and Guba, which includes credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability are the elements of trustworthiness used to enhance rigor in the study. Word cloud and frequency chart were used to highlight the study findings. Results: Five themes with 50 sub-themes/categories were identified. Identified five themes (1) Ethical concerns, (2) Informed consent form, (3) Data collection, management, and analysis, (4) Scientific misconduct, and (5) Publication ethics. Conclusion: Physiotherapy professionals are facing ethical issues due to fabrication, confidentiality, pay and publish for promotion/degree, signature forgery in ICF, not adhering to authorship criteria, and other issues. To improve research quality, faculty must minimize these issues during supervision. Implications: Physiotherapy professionals should prioritize ethical adherence and be vigilant in identifying malpractices during their research supervision.

Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using recycled industrial steel-wire mesh high-performance mortar

Industrial recycled steel wires extracted from waste tires can be combined with high-performance mortar by weaving them into a mesh to apply this type of strengthening method, which exhibits high tensile strength, high toughness, and excellent cracking resistance in building structures. This paper presents a flexural behavior study of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under different industrial recycled steel wire working conditions. We examined the resultant steel-wire mesh high-performance mortar, investigating the stiffness, ductility, and load carrying capacity of the experimental beams under different anchorage measures using different mesh types and sizes. The results showed that both the weaving of the recycled industrial steel wire into a mesh and the rebar-planting anchorage measures were effective in preventing the stripping of the strengthening layers, allowing the tensile performance of the recycled industrial steel wire to be fully utilized and the ultimate load capacity of the RC beams to be considerably increased. At the same time, the industrial recycled steel-wire mesh also played an important role in the inhibition of crack development, with the width of the cracks in the strengthening beams decreasing and an overall appearance of "fine and dense" character. As the volume of steel bars in industrial recycled steel-wire mesh increases, the ultimate bearing capacity and stiffness of the beam increased. To verify the strengthening effect of industrial recycled steel-wire mesh high-performance mortar on the beams from multiple angles, this study used finite element analysis software to conduct numerical simulation analyses on four of the experimental beams. The damage cloud charts of the specimens from the numerical simulations were compared with experimental failure phenomena, the deviations between the simulated and experimental values of the specimens being within 10%—that is, the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The use of industrial recycled steel-wire mesh high-performance mortar strengthening could be applied in actual projects, its green low-carbon credentials achieving the purpose of solid-waste utilization as well as providing strong support for China's early realization of carbon neutrality and related strategic objectives. At the same time, the recycling of waste tires could provide a new research direction.

Coupled vibration of an annular plate-cylindrical drum structure with material-nonlinearity damping patches considering position-mistuned and stiffness-mistuned connections

Considering position-mistuned and stiffness-mistuned connections, the coupled vibration of an annular plate-cylindrical drum structure with material-nonlinearity damping patches is studied. These two mistuned connections are inevitable, but they are seldom concerned in published works. Moreover, the mistuned connections can cause local excessive vibrations, so vibration suppression is in demand. Spraying hard coatings with material nonlinearity is a good damping method. Their damping-related and stiffness-related parameters will change with strain, which will improve the vibration-reduction ability but bring obstacles to modelling. This paper focuses on the consideration of both mistuned connections and material-nonlinearity damping patches (MDP) and presents a general modeling method of connection-mistuned annular plate-cylindrical drum structures with MDP. Position-mistuned and stiffness-mistuned connections are emulated by developing the spring approach, and dynamic equations are created by combining Sanders’ shell theory, Kirchhoff’s plate theory, and Lagrange equation. Furthermore, the region decomposition approach is developed for considering the material nonlinearity, and an efficient solution is provided to solve the corresponding nonlinear complex equations. The study is adequately validated. Finally, numerical results indicate that mistuned connections cause the local-vibration behavior, frequency separation, and coupled vibration between substructures and modes. Moreover, mistuned connections also seriously affect the response curves and response cloud charts.

A phase transition model in dual-amorphous water undergoing liquid–liquid transition

An in-depth understanding of liquid–liquid phase transition (LLPT) in condensed water will gain insight into anomalous behaviors of dual-amorphous condensed water. Despite numerous experimental, molecular simulation, and theoretical studies, it is yet to achieve a widely accepted consensus with convinced evidence in the condensed matter physics for two-state liquid–liquid transition of water. In this work, a theoretical model is proposed based on the Avrami equation, commonly used to describe first-order phase transitions, to elucidate complex homogeneous and inhomogeneous condensation from high-density liquid (HDL) water to low-density liquid (LDL) water for both pure and ionic dual-amorphous condensed water. This model unifies the coupling effects of temperature and electrolyte concentration based on the new theoretical framework. The Adam–Gibbs theory is then introduced to characterize the synergistic motion and relaxation behavior of condensed water. Variations in the configurational entropy under electrostatic forces are further explored, and an analytical 2D cloud chart is developed to visualize the synergistic effect of temperature and electrolyte concentration on the configurational entropy of ionic water. The constitutive relationships among viscosity, temperature, and electrolyte concentration are derived to analyze their synergistic effects under different condensation fractions of LDL and HDL. The Stokes–Einstein relation and free volume theory are further used to analyze diffusion coefficients and densities (or apparent density) during both pure and ionic LLPT. Finally, theoretical results obtained from these models are compared with experimental results reported in literature to validate the accuracy and applicability of the proposed models, which offer significant benefits and advancements in effectively predicting physical property changes of dual-amorphous condensed water.

Exploring External Stakeholder Engagement Strategies and their Impact on Project Success

In the past few years, it can be observed that business norms and practices have changed and the market has now a wide circle of stakeholders as compared to past eras. The main purpose of the current study is to explore the impact of ESE strategies on project success in the IT industry (Information Technology) of Pakistan. The study is based on mixed methods. In the first phase, an in-depth Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was performed. In the next phase, face-to-face &amp; virtual interviews were conducted with senior IT leads to develop various themes. Moreover, a word cloud and frequency chart was extracted using NVivo 12 to strengthen the argument. The findings show that there is a strong relationship between stakeholder engagement and project success in the IT industry. Likewise, the findings of the study suggest that a successful Strategy for External Stakeholder Engagement (SESE) is possible by using a collaborative and participatory approach. The study provides greater insights into the engagement of external stakeholders. Moreover, the study recommends exploring new means of communication that remain helpful in engaging stakeholders and should be aligned with the local and organizational culture.

Thermal-Related Stress-Strain Behavior of Alkali Activated Slag Concretes under Compression.

In this paper, the thermal-related stress-strain behavior of alkali-activated slag (AAS) concretes, with different alkali concentrations and moduli, was studied under compression. After exposure to high temperatures (200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C), a compression test was carried out on the specimens. The stress-strain relationship, axial compressive strength, and elastic modulus were expressed using both a displacement extensometer and the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. It was mainly determined that: (1) With the increase in temperature, the stress-strain curves of the AAS concretes tended to be flattened, indicating reductions in both axial compressive strength and elastic modulus. After 1000 °C, only 2.5-3.7% axial compressive strength and 1.4-3.9% elastic modulus remained, respectively. (2) The DIC technique was used for thermal strain measurements of the AAS concrete. Compared to the traditional extensometer, DIC yielded a small error of 4.5% and 7.2% for axial compressive strength and elastic modulus measurements, respectively. The strain cloud chart obtained from DIC was helpful for monitoring the damage process of the specimens. The findings of this paper refined scientific systems of AAS concrete under thermal action, and also provided a newly non-contact approach for thermal strain measurements of AAS concrete under compression.

Data visualisation analysis of online novel websites

With the development of science and technology and the progress of the times, the online novel reading industry is also developing at a rapid pace, and online novel reading websites have also emerged. In order to make users better understand the current trend of popular novel genre popularity and give corresponding reference when users choose the novels to read. This study analyses novel creation data, novel creation genres, novel creation era, author writings and other data visualisation methods through bar charts, pie charts, radar charts, heat maps, word cloud charts and other data visualisation methods. Using web scraper, data on novel information is collected to ensure that the data is authentic and reliable. On the basis of cleaning the data using Python, the Echarts plugin is used to visualise the basic information of novels as well as the author's information to present the information of novels and readers in a more visual and vivid way. The study helps to obtain richer information about the novels and authors that one wishes to know, while making the readers' experience better and helping the website to operate and develop better.

Bionic reconstruction of tension trabeculae in short-stem hip arthroplasty: a finite element analysis

BackgroundShort-stem hip arthroplasty (SHA) is characterized by metaphyseal load transfer that effectively preserves the bone stock, but still suffers from stress shielding in the proximal femur. We designed a tension screw to mimic tension trabeculae in the new bionic collum femoris preserving (BCFP) short stem for bionic reconstruction, aiming to restore the biomechanics of hip joint.MethodsNative femur finite element model was constructed to investigate the biomechanics of hip joint based on computed tomography (CT) data. The maximum absolute principal stress/strain cloud chart allowed the direction of stress/strain to be assessed. Six BCFP models with different screw angles (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°) and the Corail model were created. The stress/strain distribution and overall stiffness were compared between each of the BCFP and Corail implanted models.ResultsThe native model visualized the transfer pathways of tensile and compressive stress. The BCFP stems showed significantly higher stress and strain distribution in the greater trochanteric region compared to conventional total hip arthroplasty (THA). In particular, the BCFP-5° stem demonstrated the highest average strain in both medial and lateral regions and the overall stiffness was closest to the intact femur.ConclusionsStress transfer pathways of trabecular architecture provide biomechanical insight that serves as the basis for bionic reconstruction. The tension screw improves load transfer pattern in the proximal femur and prevents stress reduction in the greater trochanteric region. The BCFP-5° stem minimizes the stress shielding effect and presents a more bionic mechanical performance.

An investigation of hydraulic fracture propagation in multi-layered formation via the phase field method

Fracture penetration or deflection may occur when the hydraulic fracture approaches weak interface in multi-layered formation. However, the intrinsic mechanism of fracture propagation pattern remains unclear. A model was presented to investigate hydraulic fracture propagation in multi-layered formation via the phase field method. The interface is explicitly represented by a weak thin layer. Fluid flow in the fractured media was modeled by using the indicator function of phase field. The iterative algorithm was described and validated against the benchmark cases. Simulation results show that the evolution of injection pressure is more complex when the fracture deflects than that when the fracture penetrates the interface. The fracture is prone to penetrate the softer layer the perforated layer while deflects to the interface if the adjacent layer is stiffer. Decreasing the modulus ratio of interface to layers promotes the fracture deflecting to the interface, while increasing the stress ratio contributes to the fracture penetrating the interface. The stacking mode of layers greatly affects the fracture propagation morphology in three or more layered formations. Rock heterogeneity doesn’t alter the fracture propagation pattern as a whole, but it affects the local fracture morphology. The results provide a cloud chart of the relationship between fracture propagation pattern and controlling factors for the potential of field application.

Investigation of effect of the profile of screw flight on chocolate flow in 3D printing using an improved lattice Boltzmann method.

3D printing provides a new way of molding chocolate with complex geometrical structures. The screw extruder can efficiently transport the liquid chocolate, which has been adopted to investigate the effect of the profile of the screw flight on the flow. First, the rheological behavior of the liquid chocolate is measured and the Cross equation is demonstrated as the proper rheological model. Then, based on the rheological behavior, an improved lattice Boltzmann method is creatively proposed, for which the effectiveness is validated by the classical Poiseuille flow. Third, the geometrical structure of the screw extruder is analyzed and transformed. The possible changes in the profiles of the screw flights are listed. Finally, the fluid analysis is conducted and the necessary streamlines figures, cloud charts and velocity distributions are obtained. The large dip angle in straight cases has an obvious effect on the velocity distribution and the common flow area. The position of the convex point is the additional important factor, whereas the concave profiles are the most moderate in the proposed cases. The changes in the profiles will affect the chocolate flow. The work is significant for extrusion theory in 3D printing. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Experimental Investigation of Mooring Performance and Energy-Harvesting Performance of Eccentric Rotor Wave Energy Converter

To obtain the optimal mooring mode and the best-matching wave condition of an eccentric rotor wave energy converter (ERWEC), a physical model of the ERWEC was developed. Ten mooring modes and eight wave conditions were set up. Several experiments were carried out to analyze the influence of mooring modes and wave conditions on the mooring and energy-harvesting performances of the ERWEC. The results showed that the mooring and energy-harvesting performances changed significantly for the same mooring mode under various regular wave conditions, but the opposite situation was found under irregular wave conditions. The wave-facing direction of the buoy was a critical factor affecting the mooring and energy-harvesting performances, while the number of anchor lines had little effect on them. In addition, a method to evaluate the motion response of the buoy based on the number of effective excitations and a method to evaluate the comprehensive performance based on the cloud chart are proposed. The mooring mode and wave condition combination that obtained the optimal mooring and energy-harvesting performances for the ERWEC was determined. This paper provides a novel perspective on how to balance the efficiency and reliability of wave energy converters.

Profitability of Ichimoku-Based Trading Rule in Vietnam Stock Market in the Context of the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Ichimoku Kinkohyo or Ichimoku Cloud Chart is one of the most popular technical indicators used by traders all over the world. However, its profitability is heavily influenced by the market environment, to which it is applied. Furthermore, the COVID-19 outbreak may have an impact on the market environment as well as the performance of all technical indicators. This study is the first to look into the profitability of Ichimoku-based trading rules in the Vietnamese stock market in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. More particularly, the COVID-19 outbreak has a positive influence on the performance of this strategy when considering the entire market as well as a variety of industries including real estate industry, food and beverage industry, resource industry, and automotive and electronic components industry. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, the return on investment obtained per each transaction using the Ichimoku-based strategy increased by roughly 8-9% in the pandemic period. Compared to the Buy-and-hold method, the Ichimoku-based strategy could slightly increase Accumulated return while posing a lower risk. The findings indicate that the Ichimoku-based strategy is applicable to the Vietnam stock market, regardless of the adverse effects of the pandemic on the industries.

RESEARCH ON VULNERABILITY RISK ASSESSMENT OF COLLABORATIVE INNOVATION NETWORK DRIVEN BY MULTI-AGENT EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR

BackgroundIn the increasingly competitive market environment, the high complexity of innovation activities makes enterprises gradually combine with other institutions or groups to form a collaborative innovation network and jointly participate in the completion of innovation activities. Aiming at the vulnerability risk of collaborative innovation network caused by a series of psychological behaviors of each subject under the influence of internal and external environment, a vulnerability risk assessment method of collaborative innovation network based on cloud model is proposed. At the same time, the emotional behavior of multiple subjects is analyzed and studied.Subjects and MethodsFirstly, by systematically combing the existing research results, the influencing factors of collaborative innovation network vulnerability risk are analyzed and identified, and the collaborative innovation network vulnerability risk evaluation index is constructed. Secondly, in order to prevent the weight difference of individual indicators from being too large and reduce the correlation degree between indicators, the anti entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of evaluation indicators. Then, considering the fuzziness and uncertainty of qualitative and quantitative description of evaluation indicators, the comprehensive evaluation method based on cloud model is used to evaluate the vulnerability risk of collaborative innovation network. Finally, taking the vulnerability risk analysis of project product collaborative innovation network of enterprise a as an example, the risk assessment analysis is carried out. The modified Lin Shangping's “innovative network Emotion Scale” and “Minnesota Satisfaction Scale (MSQ)” were used in the study. Using the convenient sampling method, 200 questionnaires were distributed to the empirical objects, and 200 were recovered. The sample structure distribution is that men account for 49.7%, the proportion under the age of 25 (including) is the lowest, accounting for 2.5%, and the proportion over the age of 36 is the highest, accounting for 52.6%. As for the education level, universities (colleges and universities) the proportion is the highest, accounting for 64.0%. In terms of service years, the proportion of 1-3 years is the lowest, accounting for 4.4%, and the proportion of more than 7 years is the highest, accounting for 84.2%. The total correlation coefficient and total reliability of the modified items were analyzed to delete the items without internal consistency in the questionnaire, so as to improve the reliability of the questionnaire and the quality of measurement tools. Regression analysis was used to verify the three hypothesesResultsOur research results show that the collaborative innovation network vulnerability risk of the product is generally at a low level. In order to specifically understand the influencing factors of collaborative innovation network vulnerability risk, the cloud chart analysis of secondary indicators shows that the equity index of benefit distribution and the index of risk prevention mechanism are at medium risk.ConclusionUsing the comprehensive evaluation method of anti entropy weight method and cloud model to analyze the vulnerability risk of collaborative innovation network can help enterprise managers effectively understand the weak links of collaborative innovation network, formulate and implement feasible countermeasures, and provide decision support for the risk management and sustainable operation of collaborative innovation network. Of course, there are still some deficiencies in this study: in the composition of indicators, qualitative indicators are the main indicators; It mainly evaluates and analyzes the indicators, and then considers the correlation between risk indicators and network risk management. Multi-agent collaborative innovation is an important mode to promote enterprise innovation and development and obtain competitive advantage. As an important part of collaborative innovation network, risk management is an important guarantee to avoid risks and carry out collaborative innovation activities smoothly. Therefore, this paper analyzes the vulnerability risk of collaborative innovation network, which helps to enrich the collaborative innovation network and risk management system, improve the efficiency of enterprise product innovation, reduce the risk of collaborative innovation, and maintain the sustainable operation and development of collaborative innovation network.AcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the collective support granted by National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China (Grant No 71701027); Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Humanities and Social Sciences Research General Project (Grant No 20SKGH116); Chongqing Natural Science Foundation of the General Project (Grant No cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0562); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (2018M643456); Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Project (Grant No cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0864) and Chongqing Social Science Planning and Cultivation Project (Grant No 2020PY51).

Towards an uncertainty evaluation model for marine track considering local sampling cloud and sample information.

To evaluate the practical ability of crews during the navigation of an inward-port single ship, a track evaluation model was developed on a planar forward normal cloud chart under sample information based on the forward normal and the backward normal cloud generator. Since the track sampling cloud may be too divergent, a track belt division method based on the contributions of normal cloud drops was proposed. Combining the track evaluation model with the track belt division method, a comprehensive track evaluation scheme of the local sampling cloud based on sampling information was established. The results of an example of M.V. DAQING 257 unloaded into Dalian Port demonstrated the effectiveness of the model and showed its consistency with expert evaluation results based on subjective information. The proposed uncertainty evaluation model provides a new approach for intelligent evaluation under sample information.

Changes in hip joint contact stress during a gait cycle based on the individualized modeling method of “gait-musculoskeletal system-finite element”

ObjectiveTo construct a comprehensive simulation method of “gait-musculoskeletal system (MS)-finite element (FE)” for analysis of hip joint dynamics characteristics and the changes in the contact stress in the hip throughout a gait cycle.MethodsTwo healthy volunteers (male and female) were recruited. The 3D gait trajectories during normal walking and the CT images including the hip and femur of the volunteers were obtained. CT imaging data in the DICOM format were extracted for subjected 3D hip joint reconstruction. The reconstructed 3D model files were used to realize the subject-specific registration of the pelvis and thigh segment of general musculoskeletal model. The captured marker trajectory data were used to drive subject-specific musculoskeletal model to complete inverse dynamic analysis. Results of inverse dynamic analysis were exported and applied as boundary and load settings of the hip joint finite element in ABAQUS. Finally, the finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to analyze contact stress of hip joint during a gait cycle of left foot.ResultsIn the inverse dynamic analysis, the dynamic changes of the main hip-femoral muscle force with respect to each phase of a single gait cycle were plotted. The hip joint reaction force reached a maximum value of 2.9%BW (body weight) and appeared at the end of the terminal stance phase. Twin peaks appeared at the initial contact phase and the end of the terminal stance phase, respectively. FEA showed the temporal changes in contact stress in the acetabulum. In the visual stress cloud chart, the acetabular contact stress was mainly distributed in the dome of the acetabulum and in the anterolateral area at the top of the femoral head during a single gait cycle. The acetabular contact area was between 293.8 and 998.4 mm2, and the maximum contact area appear at the mid-stance phase or the loading response phase of gait. The maximum contact stress of the acetabulum reached 6.91 MPa for the model 1 and 6.92 MPa for the model 2 at the terminal stance phase.ConclusionsThe “Gait-MS-FE” technology is integrated to construct a comprehensive simulation framework. Based on human gait trajectories and their CT images, individualized simulation modeling can be achieved. Subject-specific gait in combination with an inverse dynamic analysis of the MS provides pre-processing parameters for FE simulation for more accurate biomechanical analysis of hip joint.Graphical abstract

The affection of Crude Oil Physical Parameters on Heat Transfer

This paper used the partition method mathematical model, considering the oil’s latent heat effects and the cyclical changes of atmospheric temperature, studied on the influence of crude oil properties on heat and mass transfer during the process of shutdown in overhead pipe. This paper used UFD method to simulate the internal temperature field in shutdown overhead pipe with different crude oil’s physical parameters, and gave the solidification cloud charts of medium in typical shutdown time.