Clothing System Research Articles

A Robust Core-Shell Nanofabric with Personal Protection, Health Monitoring and Physical Comfort for Smart Sportswear.

Smart textiles with a high level of personal protection, health monitoring, physical comfort, and wearing durability are highly demanded in clothing for harsh application scenarios, such as modern sportswear. However, seamlessly integrating such a smart clothing system has been a long-sought but challenging goal. Herein, based on coaxial electrospinning techniques, a smart non-woven textile (Smart-NT) integrated with high impact resistance is developed, multisensory functions, and radiative cooling effects. This Smart-NT is comprised of core-shell nanofibers with an ionic conductive polymer sheath and an impact-stiffening polymer core. The soft smart textile, with a thickness of only 800µm, can attenuate over 60% of impact force, sense pressure stimulus with sensitivity up to 201.5 kPa-1, achieve temperature sensing resolution of 0.1°C, and reduce skin temperature by ≈17°C under a solar intensity of 1kWm-2. In addition, the stretchable Smart-NT is highly durable and robust, retaining its multifunction features over 10000 bending and multiple washing cycles. Finally, application scenarios are demonstrated for real-time health monitoring, body protection, and physical comfort of smart sportswear based on Smart-NT for outdoor sports. The strategy opens a new avenue for seamless integration of smart clothing systems.

A Comprehensive Approach to Pattern Drafting for Women with Large Bust Cup Sizes through Advanced 3D Virtual Clothing Systems

A Comprehensive Approach to Pattern Drafting for Women with Large Bust Cup Sizes through Advanced 3D Virtual Clothing Systems

Relationship between firefighter protective clothing design ease and heat stress

PurposeClothing fit, including garment ease and drape, impacts the volume of air between clothing layers and the body, directly affecting the amount of heat that can be transferred through a multi-layer clothing system. As most acute firefighting fatalities are caused by overexertion and heat strain, the purpose of this research was to determine the impact of ease allowances on air gaps in structural firefighting turnout suits and their subsequent effect on total heat loss (THL) when worn on a three-dimensional form.Design/methodology/approachFour turnout suits with chest ease allowances of 6″, 8″, 10″ and 12″ were evaluated using an ANDI dynamic sweating thermal manikin. The average predicted manikin THL of each ensemble was calculated from the thermal and evaporative resistance measurements. A three-dimensional (3D) body scanner was utilized to calculate the distance and volume of clothing air gaps between the base layer and each turnout suit.FindingsResults demonstrate that reductions in upper body ease measurements trend towards statistically significant increases in THL, to a point, with fit limitations being reached before benefits can be significantly realized. An increase in standard chest ease measurements significantly decreased heat loss, even when forced convection from movement was considered.Originality/valueThis is the first article of its kind to explore the relationship between garment ease and predicted manikin THL, especially for fire service protective clothing. Findings indicate a valid recommendation for turnout gear designers and manufacturers to optimize clothing fit to improve breathability and potentially reduce incidents of heat strain in the fire service.

Highlighting Unseen Activity Through 48-Hour Continuous Measurement in Subacute Stroke Rehabilitation: Preliminary Cohort Study.

Motor impairments not only lead to a significant reduction in patient activity levels but also trigger a further deterioration in motor function due to deconditioning, which is an issue that is particularly pronounced during hospitalization. This deconditioning can be countered by sustaining appropriate activity levels. Activities that occur outside of scheduled programs, often overlooked, are critical in this context. Wearable technology, such as smart clothing, provides a means to monitor these activities. This study aimed to observe activity levels in patients who had strokes during the subacute phase, focusing on both scheduled training sessions and other nontraining times in an inpatient rehabilitation environment. A smart clothing system is used to simultaneously measure heart rate and acceleration, offering insights into both the amount and intensity of the physical activity. In this preliminary cohort study, 11 individuals undergoing subacute stroke rehabilitation were enrolled. The 48-hour continuous measurement system, deployed at admission and reassessed 4 weeks later, monitored accelerometry data for physical activity (quantified with a moving SD of acceleration [MSDA]) and heart rate for intensity (quantified with percent heart rate reserve). The measurements were performed using a wearable activity monitoring system, the hitoe (NTT Corporation and Toray Industries, Inc) system comprising a measuring garment (wear or strap) with integrated electrodes, a data transmitter, and a smartphone. The Functional Independence Measure was used to assess the patients' daily activity levels. This study explored factors such as differences in activity during training and nontraining periods, correlations with activities of daily living (ADLs) and age, and changes observed after 4 weeks. A significant increase was found in the daily total MSDA after the 4-week program, with the average percent heart rate reserve remaining consistent. Physical activity during training positively correlated with ADL levels both at admission (ρ=0.86, P<.001) and 4 weeks post admission (ρ=0.96, P<.001), whereas the correlation between age and MSDA was not significant during training periods at admission (ρ=-0.41, P=.21) or 4 weeks post admission (ρ=-0.25, P=.45). Conversely, nontraining activity showed a negative correlation with age, with significant negative correlations with age at admission (ρ=-0.82, P=.002) and 4 weeks post admission (ρ=-0.73, P=.01). Inpatient rehabilitation activity levels were positively correlated with ADL levels. Further analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between scheduled training activities and ADL levels, whereas nontraining activities showed no such correlation. Instead, a negative correlation between nontraining activities and age was observed. These observations suggest the importance of providing activity opportunities for older patients, while it may also suggest the need for adjusting the activity amount to accommodate the potentially limited fitness levels of this demographic. Future studies with larger patient groups are warranted to validate and further elucidate these findings.

A Multifunctional Approach to Optimizing Woven Fabrics for Thermal Protective Clothing

This paper presents a detailed exploration of the development and characterization of multifunctional dual-purpose woven fabrics for thermal protective clothing. Through this research, 69 woven fabric prototypes have been carefully designed and produced, integrating various raw materials, yarn, and woven fabric construction parameters, with the aim of optimizing thermal protection properties while ensuring comfort and durability. The analysis led to the identification of two optimal woven fabric samples, which, upon further testing, exhibited exceptional dimensional stability, crease recovery, tear resistance, as well as abrasion and water resistance. Furthermore, the thermal properties were evaluated, demonstrating exceptional flame resistance, limited heat transmission, and high thermal insulation. Additionally, the study evaluated dynamic thermal properties, contact conductive heat transfer, air permeability, water vapour resistance, and thermal resistance of two clothing systems constructed from selected woven fabrics. Statistical analysis confirms significant differences between clothing systems, highlighting the influence of yarn composition and fabric structure on thermal performance and comfort, where one system exhibits better thermal insulation characteristics suitable for colder environments while the other excels in breathability for warmer climates. The developed woven fabrics meet high standards for protective clothing against heat and flame, surpassing currently available comparable woven fabrics on the market in terms of efficacy and performance. This research provides insights into the intricate balance between protection, comfort, and durability of woven fabrics, contributing to advancements in protective textile technology.

A comparative study of a standard slit-to-agar sampler and a real-time bacterial detector

A comparison is presented of data from simultaneous measurements of airborne particles by a standard slit-to-agar sampler (STA) and of fluorescent particles by a real-time bacterial detector, Bio Aerosol Monitoring System (BAMS) during an evaluation regarding emitted airborne particles of a surgical clothing system in a test chamber. Data from simultaneous orientating measurements of airborne particles by a standard discrete particle counter are also discussed. The results show that in an environment with a low level of airborne particles including CFUs and man the only contamination source, there is a moderate correlation between the number of aerobic CFU and BAMS viable, i.e., fluorescence, particles, when the slit-to-agar sampler is registering/collecting within its detection level. Different environments need simultaneous measurements by an STA in aerobic CFU/m³ and by a BAMS in viable particles/m³ to set up the correlation between the two methods. Keywords: Airborne particles, controlled environment, CFU, fluorescent particles, real-time measurements, viable particles.

Activated carbon cloth electrodes for capacitive deionization: a neutron imaging study

Neutron imaging was employed to track the uptake of Gd3+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^{3+}$$\\end{document} ions by the sub 2 nm micropores of charged activated carbon cloth electrodes from an aqueous Gd(NO3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_3$$\\end{document})3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_3$$\\end{document} solution. The transmitted neutron intensity evinces the persistent presence of Gd3+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^{3+}$$\\end{document} in the micropores during the discharge cycle, which is caused by the adsorption of oppositely charged ions. The charge efficiency of the activated carbon cloth system was determined by direct comparison with the imaged Gd3+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$^{3+}$$\\end{document} concentration changes, with which the influence of ion swapping and resistive losses on capacitive deionization cells can be ascertained.

Implementation method of intelligent emotion-aware clothing system based on nanofibre technology

The creation of smart clothing technologies now has more options because of the merging of fashion design, and wearable technology with nanofibre technology. This study suggests a means for putting a nanofibre-based, intelligent, emotion-aware clothing system into practice. By recognizing and reacting to the wearer's psychological state, the system seeks to improve user convenience and well-being. In this study, a unique, self-sufficient weight-tuned Kohonen neural network (SW-KNN) method is used to categorize emotional states. To determine the wearer's emotional state, we first collect a dataset of signals from the body, including pulse, body temperature, and perspiration production. The dataset is then added to the preprocessing stage, where the raw data is normalized using the min-max method. The important features from the cleaned data are then extracted using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The smart control unit processes the physiological signals that have been acquired. The proposed approach is utilized to categorize the wearer's emotional state, and the white shark optimization (WSO) approach is used to improve the classification accuracy. The control unit has a microchip and wireless connectivity abilities, enabling it to send the devices’ connected devices the classified emotional status. The clothing technology can continuously modify its features based on the identified emotional state to enhance the wearer's comfort. The findings of the study stated that the proposed technique has provided accuracy and precision of 97.8% and 98.1% respectively.

Fabricating a smart clothing system based on strain-sensing yarn and novel stitching technology for health monitoring

Fabricating a smart clothing system based on strain-sensing yarn and novel stitching technology for health monitoring

School Literacy Program Against Merdeka Thinking to Strengthen The Humanistic Learning Process at The Elementary School Level

This research aims to 1) Eliminate the uniform clothing system for students, 2) Implement a humanist learning system. The method used is literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and analysis of analyzed notes. The data taken are documents related to research. The research results show that learning is prioritized using a humanistic approach, but in reality there are still many learning processes that do not implement humanistic learning as a whole. For example, uniformity in clothing for students will ultimately kill students' potential, talents, interests, creativity and work results. The recommendation of this research is that a bottom-up curriculum model is worthy of being developed, so that educational components can strive for the overall curriculum components. However, an educator is a planner, implementer and perfectionist in a learning process. Because educators are the ones who best understand the conditions in the field from Sabang to Merauke, therefore educators are the most competent in compiling a curriculum in the classroom or at school. So the researchers recommend that the school literacy program "independent thinking about local wisdom" be implemented at the elementary school education unit level.

El trasfondo ideológico de la antigua cultura indumentaria China

Abstract: China has been known as a country of clothing since ancient times, and its clothing culture is dazzling. Any nation’s art and culture have their specific philosophical thought background. Behind the Chinese costume culture, it also contains the ancient Chinese people’s ideological connotation. Ancient Chinese society spanned five thousand years, the social trend of thought was constantly changing, and the clothing system was also constantly updated. Through the study of the ideological history background of ancient Chinese clothing culture, we can broaden the research angle of ancient Chinese philosophy and more comprehensively understand the traditional clothing culture.

Influence of waterproof and breathable membrane on thermal comfort properties of multi-layer clothing system

Influence of waterproof and breathable membrane on thermal comfort properties of multi-layer clothing system

Developing a multifunctional wearable system consisting of a helmet and clothing for two-wheeled vehicle users' safety assistance

Purpose This study aims to develop a safe, wearable clothing system that combines visibility-enhancing and emergency–accident-responding functions for two-wheeled vehicle (TWV) users' safety assistance.Design/methodology/approach First, the wearable system (WS) allowing users to control turn signals, brake lights and emergency flasher only with head movements was developed. Second, multiconnected systems were developed between WSs and a smartphone application (AS), providing accident occurrence recognition, driving photo capture–storage and emergency notification functions. Third, usability testing in each function was performed to assess the operability of the systems.Findings The intuitive interface, which uses head movement as gesture commands, was effectively operated for controlling turn signals, brake lights and emergency flasher when driving, despite differences in user physique and boarding structure among TWVs. In addition, using Bluetooth low energy and Wi-Fi protocols simultaneously can establish automatic accident recognition–notification and driving photo capture–storage–display functions by linking two WSs with one AS.Research limitations/implications This study presents a case using relatively accessible technologies within the fashion industry to improve users' safety and provide fundamental data for convergence education for smart fashion products, highlighting the significance of this study in this convergence era.Originality/value The WSs and the AS of a TWV user visually evoke the attention of other drivers and pedestrians, reducing the risk of accidents; social contribution regarding public safety will be possible by allowing the system to autonomously inform emergencies and receive emergency medical treatment quickly when the accident occurred.

The heat and moisture transfer model of firefighter protective clothing

This paper presents a model of heat and moisture transfer through multilayer firefighter protective clothing, which for the first time has taken into account all the major heat and moisture transport mechanisms including conductive and convective heat transfer, two-flux radiative heat transfer, moisture bulk flow, moisture absorption/desorption by fibers, moisture diffusion and phase change. The model was solved by Crank–Nicolson scheme of the finite difference method. Numerical analysis showed that our model can accurately predict the second-degree burn time with an error ranging from 0.37% to 3.55% for different types of clothing assemblies. With this model, the distributions of heat and moisture within the protective clothing system are elucidated and the relative importance of key clothing parameters on thermal protection better understood. It revealed that the thickness of the moisture barrier layer has the greatest influence on the skin burn time. This study is significant in providing a theoretical framework for optimizing the design of thermal protective clothing.

Self-sustaining personal all-day thermoregulatory clothing using only sunlight

The human body must stay within a certain temperature range for comfort and safety. However, challenges for thermoregulatory clothing exist for harsh application scenarios, such as full day/night cycles, frigid polar regions, and space travel. We developed a flexible and sustainable personal thermoregulatory clothing system by integrating a flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) module to directly acquire energy from sunlight and bidirectional electrocaloric (EC) devices. The flexible OPV-EC thermoregulatory clothing (OETC) can extend the human thermal comfort zone from 22°–28°C to 12.5°–37.6°C with a fast thermoregulation rate. The low energy consumption and high efficiency of the EC device allows for 24 hours of controllable and dual-mode thermoregulation with 12 hours of sunlight energy input. This self-powered wearable thermoregulatory platform has a simple structure, compact design, high efficiency, and strong self-adaptability with sunlight as the sole energy source.

Advancing Passenger Comfort: Creating a Prototype for Thermal Comfort Clothing in Flight Cabins

Research on thermal comfort has demonstrated that individuals possess unique comfort preferences in specific thermal environments. The concept of thermal comfort clothing for individuals was rarely found in previous studies. The objective of this research is to create a prototype that can sustain a thermally comfortable in winter condition for passengers in the airplane cabin. The thermal clothing was designed and put to the test in real-world scenarios to evaluate its efficacy. The outcomes of the tests were verified by assessing the levels of thermal comfort. The functionality of the clothing system revolved around heating water with a heater and then circulating it through tubes embedded within the clothing. The heat from the water was transmitted to the wearer, resulting in an increase in temperature from 22 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius within a span of 15 minutes. From the result obtained, the trend lines for surrounding temperature and water temperature exhibit a direct correlation. When the surrounding air temperature decreases, the water temperature also decreases over time. Both trend lines demonstrate a consistent increase in temperature at the same rate. Additionally, the break-even point for both trend lines occurs at 25°C in zero seconds, indicating that the prototype begins to influence the surrounding temperature in relation to the water temperature.

Development of an Energy Harvesting System for the Conversion of Mechanical Energy of Human Movement into Electrical Energy and Its Integration into High Performance Wearable Clothing

In many smart textile development studies, sensors and electro-conductive yarns have been widely investigated and used as essential components, especially in the fields of medicine, sport, work wear, and special applications. Wearable sensors provide a means to monitor the wearer’s health through physiological measurements in a natural setting or are used to detect potential hazards and alert users and/or caretakers. The aim of the research is to develop a prototype of wearable electronics that consists of high-performance clothing with an integrated energy harvesting system for converting the mechanical energy of human movements into electrical energy. Within the framework of the research, a system for determining human physiological and/or environmental parameters and transmitting data was developed and integrated into clothing modified with sol–gel technology for indoor and outdoor use. Although the created flat inductive elements of the energy harvesting system retain their performance during the hydrothermal treatment process, at the same time, the other elements of the smart clothing system (especially electro-conductive yarns) rapidly lose their electrical conductivity. The modified knitwear provided a longer time between washing cycles to protect the embedded wearable electronics, and the impact of surface modification with sol–gel on wearing comfort was evaluated.

New Decision-Making Control System for Caterpillars on Soybean Fields

Decision-making systems are essential to integrated pest management (IPM) programs, particularly in the context of soybean (Glycine max), the world’s most cultivated legume. As agricultural practices change, including adopting new cultivars, planting seasons, and planting regions, the challenges in pest management, mainly caterpillars (Lepidoptera larvae), also change. To address this, this study aimed to devise an updated decision-making approach tailored to the current soybean field conditions. Over two years, caterpillar densities were evaluated in 38 commercial soybean fields. The beating tray sampling technique was superior in precision and efficiency compared to the direct counting and beating cloth techniques. This technique involved assessing 61 plants per field to determine caterpillar density. Economic thresholds were determined at 7.11 caterpillars per beating tray for vegetative stages and 3.60 for reproductive stages. The new proposed sampling system was validated and demonstrated more precise and representative caterpillar density determination than the standard beating cloth system. Both methods exhibited similar costs and execution times. Therefore, this refined decision-making system has the potential for incorporation into soybean IPM programs due to its accuracy, representativeness, feasibility, speed, and cost-effectiveness. This study underscores the viability of integrating the newly developed decision-making system to enhance soybean pest management strategies.

A Mathematical Model for Dynamic Thermal Behavior of Multilayer Clothing System Incorporated with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials

A Mathematical Model for Dynamic Thermal Behavior of Multilayer Clothing System Incorporated with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials

Development and evaluation of a multi-functional welding protective clothing system

A new welding protective clothing system has been proposed to enhance the protective performance, comfort, and safety of welding protective clothing, considering the hazards associated with welding processes. The structure and fabric of the protective clothing carrier were redesigned, and a safety and protection system based on Internet of Things technology was developed. Objective tests and subjective evaluations were conducted on the protective clothing system. The results of objective tests showed that compared to regular welding protective clothing, the new protective clothing exhibited significant improvements in flame resistance, light resistance, and mechanical performance, with relatively lower vapor resistance. In subjective evaluations, the subjective evaluation scores (on a 5-point scale) of the new welding protective clothing were 26.46% and 27.95% higher than those of regular welding protective clothing, respectively ( p ≤ .05). Furthermore, the protective clothing system demonstrated a highly sensitive monitoring and feedback mechanism during testing, which can enhance workers’ ability to withstand risks and improve their psychological safety. The research on welding protective clothing with safety functions not only provides reference for innovative design of traditional welding protective clothing, but also lays a theoretical foundation for further research on other types of protective clothing.