Clothing Manufacturing Research Articles

Using of fuzzy theory extracts the fit size of human

This paper presents a method to select a fit size from the data sizing system by using fuzzy technique. First, we coding size from data in the sizing system with the numerical order to use looking for sizes. Second, choosing primary dimensions from the sizing table which is coded. Then, the fuzzy technique is used to choose the fit size of human which is based on the real data in the table and any the body’s dimension in the edge conditions. And finally, the simulation results are introduced. The sizing system table in this research has 24 sizes and 3 kinds of different inseam length measurements for three human shapes have different height, such as regular, short and tall. The principal component analysis method and look at directly size sign in the table are used to have primary dimensions. There are variables to input the fuzzy logic model. We apply fuzzy logic for selection size of human by the Sugeno model and using the If–Then rule. The result of the research is the simulation program for selection of the size with the Matlab software. Selecting the fit size with the traditional method will be taken a lot of time and shows the result is not clearly. This study is tested by two ways from input any the body’s measurements and measurements from the sizing system into the simulation program. Extracting sizes are very useful in the manufacture of garments and business clothing by online, face to face. It will reduce the time to choose the size for fitting body measurements.

Designing for the plus-size men: towards a better fitting: a case of Harare, Zimbabwe

This study endeavours to foster an understanding and encourage manufacturers to incorporate the plus sizes in their production to combat the fitting challenges connected to plus-sized men in Harare. The plus sized men were facing challenges in finding some fitting and ready- to-wear clothes on the market because of size restriction in a market. The clothing manufacturing companies was mass producing these ready-to-wear clothes ostensibly for all men, ironically leaving the plus-sized men disgruntled due to misfitting clothes and size restrictions. The study used critical postmodernism and the concurrent triangulation approaches to determine scope for either any convergence, differences or combination. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, observations and documentary analysis from the twenty-four (24) purposively sampled participants. Recommendations were made for the clothing companies to integrate the extreme and in-between sizes. This study offers insights on better sizing for different body types eliminating the emotional psychology disturbances.

Earnings Drivers of Slovak Manufacturers: Efficiency Assessment of Innovation Management

In innovation management, it is crucial to know the incentives or factors that, in many cases, provide the fundamental drivers of earnings, competitive advantage and the sustainable growth of businesses while also measuring their effectiveness. The study deals with the evaluation of the efficiency of investments in innovations utilizing constant returns to scale models of small- and medium-sized industrial enterprises in Slovakia. It is industrial production that includes enterprises that are the creators of new products, the appliers of the latest knowledge of science, and the creators of innovations. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of invested finances in the innovation of small- and medium-sized production enterprises in Slovakia, as it is a very demanding and neglected role in management. The method to assess the efficacy that was used is called Data Envelopment Analysis. CCR-I also CCR-O models were run, where it was essential to determine the inputs and outputs. The indicators R&D expenditures and employee training costs were selected based on a detailed analysis of articles with similar issues. The final sample contained 132 manufacturing enterprises within industrial production that were classified according to the official Slovak categorization because of their relevance. We assessed the effectiveness of food producers, beverage manufacturers, textile and clothing manufacturers, manufacturers of rubber plastic products, metal manufacturers, PC, electronic and optical equipment manufacturers, machine and equipment manufacturers, and furniture manufacturers to identify the enterprises that own earnings drivers caused by innovation. It was detected that the most efficient units in the industrial production are the rubber plastic products manufacturers. The least effective units were found in beverage and furniture manufacturers.

197 Altered epidermal function in uninvolved skin supports a pathogenic role of epidermal dysfunction in hand eczema

Although compromised epidermal permeability barrier can contribute to the development of contact dermatitis, whether subjects with hand eczema display abnormalities in epidermal permeability barrier function in their uninvolved skin remains unknown. We assess here epidermal permeability barrier function in subjects with or without hand eczema. All volunteers were recruited from clothing manufacturers in Guangdong, China. Epidermal functions, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rates, stratum corneum (SC) hydration and skin surface pH were measured on the flexural surface of the left forearm in all volunteers. These epidermal functions were compared among cohorts of subjects with active hand eczema, a prior history of hand eczema and without any history of hand eczema. A total of 650 questionnaires were collected from 462 females and 188 males. Thirty five subjects (5.4%) currently had hand eczema, while 28 subjects (4.3%) reported a prior history of hand eczema that was inactive currently. Neither a prior personal nor a family history of allergies was associated with the prevalence of hand eczema. But certain occupations and frequent contact with disinfectants were independently associated with the prevalence of hand eczema. Males displayed higher TEWL rates and SC hydration levels than did females. Both skin surface pH and TEWL rates differed significantly among normal controls and subjects with active hand eczema, or a prior history of hand eczema (p<0.05).In conclusion, the uninvolved skin site of subjects with hand eczema exhibits abnormalities in epidermal permeability barrier, supporting a pathogenic role of epidermal dysfunction in hand eczema. Whether subjects with hand eczema in other occupations also display altered epidermal function on uninvolved skin remains to be explored.

Dimensions of Customer Value for the Development of Digital Customization in the Clothing Industry

Triggered by the rapid development of digital technology, Chinese clothing manufacturers have begun to provide digital customization for clothing. The digital transformation of clothing customization provides new opportunities to meet customers’ personalized needs and optimize production resources, and facilitates the sustainable development of the clothing customization industry. This study constructed dimensions of customer value in clothing customization, based on the development of the industry under digital technology. The research was divided into two phases: the first phase involved establishing customer value indicators through expert interviews, questionnaire design, and statistical analyses in SPSS; and the second stage involved the expert group conducting a consumer experience evaluation of a digital customization platform. Thirty customer value indicators were extracted and four dimensions were established: authenticity value, social value, aesthetic value, and utility value. The results of the study show that the value demands of Chinese consumers for apparel customization have shifted to perceptible authenticity values (service, experience, content). The four customer value dimensions proposed by this research can be used to evaluate customer value in digital customization consumption models.

The experimental study of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) textile material degradation by ozone oxidation process

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a water-soluble polymer, is widely used in the disposable textile industry and, in particular, in the manufacture of one-off work clothes that cannot be effectively treated by biological processes. The present study investigated the effect of the initial PVA concentration, reaction temperature, ozone penetration rate and initial pH value on the degradation rate of PVA. Additionally, the PVA degradation reaction mechanism was preliminarily explored. Initially, we identified the optional operative conditions: an initial PVA concentration of 20 g/L, an aqueous solution temperatureof 20 °C, an ozone penetration rate of 18 g/h and an initial pH value of 9. Subsequently we demonstrated that the PVA concentration of sample could decrease from 20 g/L to 0.286 mg/L with a degradation rate of PVA of almost 100%. Furthermore, in absence of ozone, almost no PVA polymer degradation was achieved. This study also proved that the feeding strategy of ozone could have a significant impact on the degradation of PVA molecules in the ozone oxidation process. We, therefore, provided new insights into the degradation process of PVA in aqueous solution.

Bionic stab-resistant body armor based on triangular pyramid structure

A stab-resistant substrate was designed and realized with a triangular pyramidal structure, inspired by the biological armor model in nature. The stab-resistance behavior and dynamic response mechanisms were studied through numerical simulation and experimental testing of a knife impacting a substrate, and an optimal structural design was obtained accordingly, with a tilted angle of 22.5° and optimal thickness of 1.2 mm. It was shown that the triangular pyramidal structure generated twice the internal energy of the knife than the flat substrate due to the dispersing effect of the structure. The force parallel to the inclination caused a significant scratch on the substrate surface, while the force perpendicular caused obvious substrate deformation. A new riveting method was used to form the total layer, which passed the GA 68–2008 standard. The stab-resistant clothing coupled with the reduced wearing burden could provide effective protection and avoid fatal injuries on security personnel working in dangerous environments. The method provided may enlighten the future design and manufacturing of stab-resistant clothing.

Modelling the Non-Linear Energy Intensity Effect Based on a Quantile-on-Quantile Approach: The Case of Textiles Manufacturing in Asian Countries

The objective of the current examination is to identify the dynamic relationship between the textile industry and energy intensity. The study evaluates the asymmetric impact of textile manufacturing on energy intensity in leading Asian economies based on textile dominance. China, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand, Japan and Vietnam are dominant in textile manufacturing. In the present study we used yearly textiles and clothing data from top ten selected Asian textile manufacturing countries from 1990 to 2018. The results of quantile-on-quantile regression (QQ) confirmed that textiles and clothing (T&amp;C) production have a positive and significant impact on energy intensity in all countries. The results further suggested that a low level of T&amp;C production increases the level of energy intensity in all selected countries. On the other hand, the results of Granger causality in quantiles confirm a bidirectional causal relationship between T&amp;C production and energy intensity in all selected countries except Thailand and Japan, where a uni-directional causal connection between textile and clothing manufacturing and energy intensity can also be found. This study recommends that governments and investors need to invest more in green and advanced technologies to reduce the energy intensity in Asian economies.

The Effect of Radiation Sterilization on the Stress-Strain Properties of Non-Woven Materials -Based on Polypropylene

Non-woven materials are widely used for the manufacture of disposable medical clothing and underwear. Radiation is widely used to sterilize single-use medical devices. The paper analyzes the effect of ionizing radiation at absorbed doses of 0-60 kGy on the stress-strain properties of medical non-woven spanmelt material based on polypropylene obtained by blow-molding technology. It has been established that ionizing radiation significantly reduces the breaking load and elongation in the machine and cross directions of the web. For this type of material, the most critical is the decrease in strength in the cross direction of the web, primarily because the level of strength in the cross direction of spanmelt materials is generally low. Sterilization by ionizing radiation further reduces strength and leads to the fact that non-woven materials irradiated with an absorbed dose of 50-60 kGy are close to unacceptable values in accordance with the requirements of EN 13975-2011.

Práticas Contemporâneas de Marketing: O Caso de Pequenas Empresas de Confecção de Vestuários

Objetivo: analisar pequenas empresas de confecção de vestuários quanto à utilização de práticas contemporâneas do marketing interativo, digital e de rede.Metodologia: o estudo tem natureza qualitativa e descritiva, envolvendo multicasos, e foi conduzido por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, do levantamento documental e da observação direta.Principais resultados: a pequena empresa de confecção de vestuários utiliza práticas de marketing de interação, de rede e, principalmente, digital, inclusive, com planejamento, avaliação de desempenho e intensidade, variando em função das orientações empreendedora e para o mercado.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: discussão sobre práticas contemporâneas de marketing, no contexto de pequenas empresas de confecção de vestuários, e formulação de novas proposições de pesquisa.Relevância/originalidade: tendo em vista que os estudos sobre a temática de práticas contemporâneas de marketing estão concentrados, em geral, no contexto de grandes organizações, este estudo considerou relevante discutir tais práticas também em pequenas empresas, de bens manufaturados, no Brasil.

Fabric surface characterization: assessment of deep learning-based texture representations using a challenging dataset

Tactile sensing or fabric hand plays a critical role in an individual’s decision to buy a certain fabric from the range of available fabrics for a desired application. Therefore, textile and clothing manufacturers have long been in search of an objective method for assessing fabric hand, which can then be used to engineer fabrics with a desired hand. In this paper, we explore how to characterize surface properties (e.g. smoothness) of materials. We formulate the problem as a fine-grained texture classification problem, and study how deep learning-based texture representation techniques can help tackle the task. We introduce a new, challenging microscopic material surface dataset (CoMMonS), geared towards an automated fabric quality assessment mechanism in an intelligent manufacturing system. Additionally, we propose a multi-level texture encoding and representation network (MuLTER), which extracts texture details and structural information. Our dataset and source code are available at https://ghassanalregib.info/software-and-datasets.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and determination of associated risk factors in female workers in clothing manufacturing workshops of Yazd city

Introduction: Upper limb musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent and undesirable health consequences among workers in clothing industry. To improve working conditions, workplace ergonomic assessment is necessary. This study was conducted among workers of clothing manufacturing workshops to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and to assess ergonomic working conditions to identify major risk factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms.Methods: One hundred and fifty female workers from clothing manufacturing workshops of Yazd city participated. The Nordic questionnaire and an ergonomics checklist consisting of 6 sections were used as data collection tools. An index was calculated for each section of the checklist. Action categories indicating the priority of corrective measures were also defined. Data analysis was performed using the ANOVA and ROC curve tests by SPSS software (version 17).Results: The results showed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the upper limbs among the study population. In this study, a significant association was found between the calculated ergonomics index and MSDs in different body regions (p&lt;0.05). The mean of this index among the workers who reported symptoms was less than those of the other group indicating undesirable ergonomic conditions. In addition, 68.7% of the workers were categorized in the first priority of intervention (requiring ergonomic intervention as soon as possible).Conclusion: The prevalence of MSDs was high among the workers of clothing workshops. The developed checklist was considered as an appropriate and low cost tool for ergonomic evaluation of sewing workshops. The results also indicated that most ergonomic problems in these workshops originate from inappropriate general working conditions, work organization, manual material handling, hand tools, workstation and working post

Lodz City Tour: The Changing Nature of the Urban Restructuring of a Post-Socialist Industrial City

This paper describes the restructuring of Poland’s third-largest city, Lodz (Łódź). Once a thriving metropolitan hub of textile and clothing manufacturing, Lodz was confronted with the closure of its numerous factories in the early 1990s with Poland’s transition from a planned to a global market economy. The city suffered an abrupt and dramatic decline followed by a redefinition of its economic, spatial and social structures. The paper focuses on the major economic and spatial phenomena taking place in the city in the three decades after the economic collapse. Using an evolutionary approach, it identifies and discusses the gradual shift of Lodz’s restructuring. We claim that the restructuring initially involved mostly organic and spontaneous initiatives of dynamic local and non-local actors, with minor and circumstantial involvement from the local authorities. However, over time, the restructuring of Lodz has become influenced and driven by nationally and EU-set objectives and targeted urban policies, with urban and infrastructural projects as driving vehicles.

Altered Epidermal Permeability Barrier Function in the Uninvolved Skin Supports a Role of Epidermal Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Occupational Hand Eczema

Although a compromised epidermal permeability barrier can contribute to the development of contact dermatitis, whether subjects with hand eczema display abnormalities in baseline epidermal permeability barrier function in their uninvolved skin remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess epidermal permeability barrier function in subjects with and without hand eczema in clothing manufacturers. Upon approval by the institutional review board, volunteers were recruited from clothing manufacturers in Guangzhou City, China. An 11-item questionnaire was used to collect general data from the volunteers. The diagnoses of self-proclaimed hand eczema were further confirmed by a dermatologist. Epidermal biophysical properties, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rates, stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH were measured on the flexural surface of the left forearm in all volunteers. Epidermal biophysical properties were compared among cohorts of subjects with active hand eczema, a prior history of hand eczema and without any history of hand eczema. A total of 650 questionnaires were collected from 462 females and 188 males, with a mean age of 36.7 ± 0.46 years (range 16–69 years; 95% CI 35.8–37.59). Thirty-five subjects (5.4%) currently had hand eczema, while 28 subjects (4.3%) reported a prior history of hand eczema that was inactive currently. The prevalence of hand eczema did not differ significantly between genders. Neither a prior personal nor a family history of allergies was associated with the prevalence of hand eczema, but certain occupations and frequent contact with disinfectants were independently associated with the prevalence of hand eczema. In the overall cohort, males displayed higher TEWL rates and stratum corneum hydration levels than did females. Both skin surface pH and TEWL rates differed significantly among normal controls and subjects with active hand eczema or a prior history of hand eczema (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the uninvolved skin site of subjects with hand eczema exhibits abnormalities in epidermal perme­ability barrier, supporting a pathogenic role of epidermal dysfunction in hand eczema. Whether subjects with hand eczema in other occupations also display altered epidermal function on uninvolved skin remains to be explored.

A DEVICE FOR STUDYING THE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BULK TEXTILE MATERIALS AND THEIR PACKAGES BY THE REGULAR MODE METHOD IN AIR

Textile fabrics have different heat transfer properties, which depend on the conditions of consumption of the product and various types of processing. All this is of scientific interest for identifying factors and features of individual materials. The purpose of the study was to track heat transfer through packages of multilayer textile materials in stationary and transient thermal conditions. A particular property of textile materials lies in their ability to deform under their weight so that a sample can be placed between meshes of a material with high heat resistance. Heat transfer is carried out by convective heat transfer between the surface of the material and the air. To conduct this study, the Fourier law was used in the calculations and numerical methods for solving heat conduction problems. The developed program, which was created for the study, permit to write parameters to a computer and uses them to calculate the thermophysical properties of the sample. As a result of the work, graphs of the state of the package of materials were presented, and a device was proposed that allows to determine the modes that characterize the thermophysical properties of the materials used in the manufacture of clothing and its packages. The device admits with high accuracy to record, record and store changes in the parameters at which studies were conducted.

LEAN Production Management Model based on Organizational Culture to Improve Cutting Process Efficiency in a Textile and Clothing SME in Peru

In recent years, homegrown SMEs have had low production levels when compared with Chinese garment imports, losing their competitive advantage in the domestic market. SMEs represent 96% of garment companies in Peru and have a positive impact on the creation of jobs. The search for a technique to improve SME output was conducted in various studies; however, the efforts did not bear fruit over time. Thus, this article seeks to improve the low production efficiency in textile and clothing SMEs. Therefore, we proposed a model and validated it in the production area of a denim clothing manufacturing company in Peru. We conducted business diagnostics and found a production efficiency problem. Later, we adapted the Lean production management model to the prevailing organizational culture. The main result was that the company’s production efficiency increased from 68% to 71%. Finally, employee commitment, along with the combination of the Lean model and organizational culture, allowed the improvements to stand the test of time after their implementation.

Clothing manufacturing and exporting countries of the World: a review

The aim of this paper is to discuss about the textiles and clothing manufacturing and exporting countries of the world. This paper has some objectives such as introducing the applications of spandex fabrics, discussing highest clothing importers, and detailing recent textile trade expansion countries etc. The textiles and clothing industries are categorized by changeable mandate, short product life sequences, rapid response time, enormous product diversity, and an unstable, unyielding, and intricate supply chain structure. The textile and clothing industries subsidize meaningfully towards the national budget of many countries. Although the clothing industry is worldwide in nature, the engineering facilities from established countries are flowing to developing countries to lessen the labor fees. Even in these developing countries, the clothing industries are fronting the greatest experiments in spite of the inexpensive labor cost, due to the petite production life-cycle, high instability, low expectedness, high level of instinct purchase and the quick market reaction. To diminish the cost of manufacture, the clothing industries in developing countries are rather concentrating on sourcing of inexpensive raw materials and minimizing transfer cost than labor efficiency due to the obtainability of inexpensive labor.

Asymmetric impact of textile and clothing manufacturing on carbon-dioxide emissions: Evidence from top Asian economies

The aim of the current investigation is to analyze the impact of textile and clothing (T&C) manufacturing on carbon dioxide emission (CO2) in top Asian economies. In doing so, the study has utilized the quarterly data of percentage of manufacturing covered by T&C sector and CO2 per capita from the period of 1990–2018. The empirical investigation is carried out by applying the innovative Quantile-on-Quantile (QQ) regression and Granger causality in quantile methods. The findings of the study have identified the significant asymmetric behavior in the quantiles of T&C industry on the quantiles of CO2 emission in the considered economies. Precisely, the outcomes have documented the significant positive contribution of T&C manufacturing on CO2 emission in China, India, Pakistan, and Indonesia. On the other hand, the effect of T&C on CO2 emission is negative in the case of Vietnam. As for causal relationships, the study also confirmed the presence of bi-directional causality between T&C and CO2 emission in all countries except Indonesia, where the relationship is uni-directional. The study recommended regulators to introduce some incentives and subsidies for the new investors in T&C industry with higher emphasis on green manufacturing.

Globalizing urban research, grounding global production networks

Geographically dispersed networks of production interact with urban economic development and contribute to shape the built environment and urbanization processes all over the world. However, the global manufacturing of goods and their circulation have not yet been given adequate attention in the field of urban research. This article charts a research framework to study the interplay between urban spaces and globalized industrial production. We argue that a relational perspective on multi-local economic processes as provided by commodity chain approaches, specifically the Global Production Networks (GPN) framework, ought to be integrated into urban research in order to grasp the driving forces and the transnational character of urban development in places of industrial production. In the first section of the article, we discuss the conceptual base and benefits of integrating the GPN approach with an urban research perspective centred on the analysis of the built environment. In the second section, we operationalize these considerations in an analytical framework which we apply to a multi-local and relational case study of clothing manufacturing locations in the Istanbul metropolitan region in Turkey, the South Bulgarian province Kardzhali and the periphery of Ethiopia’s capital Addis Ababa. Our findings illuminate the site-specific, yet interdependent mutual transformation of global production networks and urban space, giving rise to transnational spatial formations such as dense industry clusters, dispersed production niches or clearly defined enclaves for export processing. At the same time, they underscore the agency of the built environment and urban planning in shaping the geography of globalized production.

Interfacial Phenomena of Advanced Composite Materials toward Wearable Platforms for Biological and Environmental Monitoring Sensors, Armor, and Soft Robotics

AbstractWith haptic and pressure sensor manufacturing in the US totaling $US 1.6 billion in annual revenue—with 2% annual projected growth from 2018 to 2023—and tactical and service clothing manufacturing in the US totaling $US 242.9 million in annual revenue, the potential of advanced wearables continues to grow. As many fields tend toward miniaturized technologies in the modern age, many recent developments have been made for wearable platforms. Within the broad area of wearable platforms, there are many specific applications to consider, such as motion sensing, biomarker detection, monitoring of environmental pollutants, haptic sensors, enhanced soft robotics, and improving the safeguarding capabilities of armor. For these applications, the interfacial phenomena occurring between the continuous and discrete phases within the composite material are responsible for the device's response and bulk properties. Understanding these phenomena at the composite interfaces of the system allows for finer tuning of morphological, electromechanical, and other bulk properties, as well as the optimization of the wearable's output—in terms of the applications targeted. Control over these advanced composite materials is paramount in personalized health‐care systems, advanced defense technologies, commercial wearables. Recent advances on composite interfaces for wearable platforms are discussed, along with trends and an outlook of the field.