Clothing Worn Research Articles

Repeatability and minimal detectable change including clothing effects for smartphone-based 3D markerless motion capture

OpenCap, a smartphone- and web-based markerless system, has shown acceptable accuracy compared to marker-based systems, but lacks information on repeatability. This study fills this gap by evaluating the intersession repeatability of OpenCap and investigating the effects of clothing on gait kinematics. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in a test–retest study, performing walking and sit-to-stand tasks with minimal clothing and regular street wear. Segment lengths and lower-limb kinematics were compared between both sessions and for both clothing conditions using the root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD) for entire waveforms and the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) for discrete kinematic parameters. In general, the RMSD test–retest values were 2.8 degrees (SD: 1.0) for walking and 3.3 degrees (SD: 1.2) for sit-to-stand. The highest intersession variability was observed in the trunk, pelvis, and hip kinematics of the sagittal plane. SEM and MDC values were on average 2.2 and 6.0 degrees, respectively, for walking, and 2.4 and 6.5 degrees for sit-to-stand. Clothing had minimal effects on kinematics by adding on average less than one degree to the RMSD values for most variables. The segment lengths showed moderate to excellent agreement between both sessions and poor to moderate agreement between clothing conditions. The study highlights the reliability of OpenCap for markerless motion capture, emphasizing its potential for large-scale field studies. However, some variables showed high MDC values above 5 degrees and thus warrant further enhancement of the technology. Although clothing had minimal effects, it is still recommended to maintain consistent clothing to minimize overall variability.

ANALISIS FENOMENOLOGI ALFRED SCHUTZ: TRADISI TAKBIR KELILING PONDOK PESANTREN KRAPYAK YAYASAN ALI MAKSUM YOGYAKARTA

<p><em>The tradition of traveling takbir at the Ali Maksum Foundation Krapyak Islamic Boarding School has become a routine every year in the month of Zulhijjah. During the activity, participants wore a variety of attractive clothing that brought Islamic and cultural elements. This research aims to explain the values contained in the clothing worn, because each clothing worn by each group of participants has messages to be conveyed to the audience or judge. The approach used in qualitative research is a literature study approach which refers to sources related to the research. The results of this research show that the clothing worn by each participant has a hidden meaning. For example, Muslim clothing depicts Santri as figures who are protected from all evil, batik clothing depicts the diversity of Santri in terms of race, ethnicity, culture, vision and mission. Surjan clothing symbolizes elegance. Not everyone can become a Santri, but everyone has the opportunity to become a Santri. Umaro’s clothing illustrates that Santri are future leaders. Jarik clothing depicts Santri as humble figures who are far from arrogant</em><em>.</em><em></em></p>

Occurrence and factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in livestock in three districts of Zambia

Cryptosporidium is one of the most important enteric diarrhoeal parasites that infect humans and animals worldwide. The current study investigated the occurrence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in ruminants aged ≤6 months in Monze, Mumbwa, and Lusaka districts of Zambia. Faecal samples were collected from 328 calves, 190 lambs, and 245 goat kids and analysed for Cryptosporidium oocysts using modified Ziehl Neelsen staining. A closed structured questionnaire was used to obtain epidemiological characteristics and potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection. The overall occurrence of Cryptosporidium was 7.9% (60/763), while that in calves, lambs and goat kids was 14.5% (47/328), 5.3% (10/190), and 1.2% (3/245) respectively. Watery/pasty stool and sampling during the rainy season were independently associated with increased risk of infection. In calves, the odds of infection increased during the rainy season, while daily kraal cleaning reduced the infection risk. Lambs showed increased odds of infection with pasty/watery stool and male sex, whereas the wearing of protective clothing by handlers significantly reduced the risk. There were district variations in infection occurrence with Mumbwa district having higher prevalence. The findings of this study show that livestock in Zambia continue to be frequently infected with Cryptosporidium. Protective measures and appropriate farm cleanliness should be implemented in control of this infection. Regional and host-species-specific variations emphasize the need for targeted interventions. These findings, therefore, contribute to effective strategies for Cryptosporidium control, promoting good livestock health and management.

Latent Heat Loss Through Fabrics During an Alternate Simulated Work–Rest Sequence

Humans produce different rates of sweating depending on the intensity level of a given activity. The clothing worn during the activity has a significant effect on the latent heat loss that can occur before, during, and after the activity. The water adsorption and spreading properties of a material yield differences in the amount of heat exchange that can occur between the person and the environment. Current test methods evaluate this using a value known as evaporative resistance, which is used to determine the heat exchange potential of a material. However, this value is only taken once the material has reached “steady state” and does not consider the sweating period before steady state is reached, or the drying period after steady state is reached. Therefore, an area under the curve (AUC) value was derived during these periods to compare the heat exchange properties of different materials. A sweating guarded hot plate was used to simulate different sweat rates, and therefore activity levels, to compare materials constructed of cotton, viscose, polyester, and wool. The overall latent heat loss of the hydrophobic wool was much less compared to the other samples with a gentler slope and lower AUC values than the other samples. It was found that the segment of time analyzed has a significant impact on the conclusion drawn about the latent heat loss of a material, p < 0.0001. Sweat rate also has a significant impact on the heat loss value, p < 0.0001, but is perhaps less useful when comparing samples to each other. It was found that comparing the different periods of the test could yield different conclusions when comparing materials for latent heat loss. Several current test methods do not consider phases outside of the steady state period and therefore miss valuable information pertinent to user comfort during these phases, especially in the post-exercise phase.

Simulating contamination of the operator and surrounding environment during wound debridement through fluorescent labelling.

We investigated the contamination of the operator and the surrounding environment during wound debridement through simulated operations using fluorescent labelling. On-site simulated operation assessment was performed before and after the training. Oranges and square towels were used to simulate wounds and the inpatient units, respectively. Fluorescent powder was applied to the surfaces. Operations on oranges simulated bedside debridement, and the postoperative distribution of the fluorescent powder was employed to reflect the contamination of the operator and the surrounding environment. During the pre-training assessment, contamination was observed in 28 of the 29 trainees. The commonly contaminated parts were the extensor side of the forearm, middle abdomen, upper abdomen, and hands. The right side of the operating area was contaminated in 24 trainees. During the post-training assessment, contamination was observed in 13 of the 15 trainees. The commonly parts were the hands, extensor side of the forearm, and the lower abdomen. The front, back, left, and right sides of the operating area were contaminated in 12, 9, 11, and 14 trainees, respectively. Contamination of the treatment cart was observed in 5 trainees. Operator and the surrounding environment can be contaminated during wound debridement. Attention should be paid to hand hygiene, wearing and changing of work clothes, and disinfection of the surrounding environment. Moreover, regular training is recommended.

Determining Safe Working Hours of Wearing Medical Disposable Protective Clothing From Physiological Thermal Limits: A Pilot Study

Despite the mandatory use of medical disposable protective clothing to protect against infectious hazards, how to determine optimal safe working hours induced by physical fatigue while wearing medical disposable protective clothing remains unknown. Driven by these questions, here we quantify the extent of physical fatigue experienced by medical staff wearing medical disposable protective clothings in isolation wards to identify a safe work duration. Eight healthy males were subjected to light (2.1 km/h) and moderate (4.3 km/h) treadmill exercises while wearing two different ensembles. Four physiological (tympanic temperature Tcore, mean skin temperature Tsk, heart rate, and sweat loss) and two subjective indicators (thermal sensation and humidity sensation) were measured. We then introduced a discrete gray model(1,1) to determine safe working hours. The study indicated that even at lower temperatures, prolonged wearing of medical disposable protective clothing could significantly affect physiological indicators such as Tcore and Tsk ( p < 0.001), with Tcore being the predominant factor limiting safe working hours. Regarding medical disposable protective clothing-1-light, medical disposable protective clothing-1-moderate, medical disposable protective clothing-2-light, and medical disposable protective clothing-2-moderate intensity activities, the safe working hours were 6.33, 2.83, 2.83, and 2.25 h. This article presented a new approach to determining safe working hours for wearing medical disposable protective clothing from physiological thermal limits with small sample data. However, this is a preliminary study, and further validation of the prediction model through additional experiments is necessary.

Modeling clothing as a secondary source of exposure to SVOCs across indoor microenvironments.

Evidence suggests that clothing can influence human exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) through transdermal uptake and inhalation. The objectives of this study were [1] to investigate the potential for clothing to function as a transport vector and secondary source of gas-phase SVOCs across indoor microenvironments, [2] to elucidate how clothing storage, wear, and laundering can influence the dynamics of transdermal uptake, and [3] to assess the potential for multiple human occupants to influence the multimedia dynamics of SVOCs indoors. A computational modeling framework (ABICAM) was expanded, applied, and evaluated by simulating and augmenting two "real-world" chamber experiments. A primary strength of this framework was its representation of occupants and their clothing as unique entities with the potential for location changes. Estimates of transdermal uptake of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di(n-butyl) phthalate (DnBP) were generally consistent with those extrapolated from measured concentrations of urinary metabolites, and those predicted by two other mechanistic models. ABICAM predicted that clean clothing (long sleeves, long pants, and socks, 100% cotton, 1 mm thick) readily accumulated DEP (6900-9700 μg) and DnBP (4500-4800 μg) from the surrounding chamber air over 6 h of exposure to average concentrations of 233 (DEP) and 114 (DnBP) μg·m-3. Because of their high capacity, clean clothing also effectively minimized transdermal uptake. In addition, ABICAM predicted that contaminated clothing functioned as a vector for transporting DEP and DnBP across indoor microenvironments and reemitted 13-80% (DEP) and 3-27% (DnBP) of the accumulated masses over 48 h. Though the estimated secondary inhalation exposures from contaminated clothing were low compared to the corresponding primary exposures, these secondary exposures could be accentuated in other contexts, for example, involving longer timeframes of clothing storage, multiple occupants wearing contaminated clothing, and/or repeated instances of clothing-mediated transport of contaminants (e.g., from an occupational setting). This modeling study reaffirms the effectiveness of clean clothing in reducing transdermal uptake of airborne SVOCs and conversely, that contaminated clothing could be a source of SVOC exposure via transdermal uptake and by acting as a vector for transporting those contaminants to other locations.

Гендерный дискурс в конфессиональном пространстве современной Кабардино-Балкарии (на материале социологического исследования)

The article is based on the materials of a sociological survey conducted in April-May 2023 among the youth of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic “Gender preferences of young people in the spiritual sphere in the Kabardi-no-Balkarian Republic”. The results of the survey demonstrated the increasing interest in Islam on the part of the region’s new generation. Thus, more than 50 % of young men and women assign a key role to Shariah in regulating social relations and ensuring the protection of people’s rights. The remainder consider the laws of the state to be their priority. A small part of the respondents gave their preference to adats and these are, as a rule, residents of rural areas. Precedence of the religious component over the national component in marriage is shown. The revealed degree of prevalence of demonstrative models of Islamic behavior gave grounds to assert that the majority of interviewed men and women welcome the wearing of Muslim Islamic clothing. It is concluded that there is a growing consolidation of Muslims aged 18 to 30 years. It has already become obvious today that it is a real social force that may eventually become dominant in the region.

Investigation of the moisture transfer ability and thermal comfort properties of single-layer cotton/polyester interwoven fabrics

In this paper, hydrophilic cotton (CO) yarn and hydrophobic cross-section polyester (PET) filaments were used to prepare single-layer interwoven fabrics (CO/PET fabrics) with plain, 3/1 twill, and 8/5 satin to formulate a hydrophobicity–hydrophilicity gradient across the fabric for obtaining a good water transfer ability. The CO fabrics and PET fabrics were prepared for comparison. The contact angle and thermo-physiology properties of the fabrics, including the wicking property, moisture management ability, drying property, air permeability and water vapor permeability, thermal property, and dynamic cooling property, were investigated. The results show that the asymmetric hydrophobicity–hydrophilicity characteristic can be formed across CO/PET fabric with 3/1 twill and 8/5 satin. This can improve the water transfer ability from the inside to the outside of the fabrics, and the longer the floating length of the fabric is, the stronger the water transfer ability is. These two fabrics also exhibit excellent wicking properties, overall moisture management capability, and thermal comfort, and have good permeability, drying properties, and dynamic cooling properties compared to the corresponding fabrics. As a result, these two CO/PET interwoven textiles are more suitable for application as clothes worn in summer. The interweaving technique combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic yarns is an easy and cost-effective method to prepare fabrics that meet summer requirements. This work provides insight into the thermal and moisture comfort property of interwoven fabrics for summer garments.

Flags and fashion: expressions of solidarity through lesbian clothing

The clothes worn by lesbians are rich in meaning. Sometimes, they can help us to understand lesbian history and the social, personal, political, and erotic context of lesbian lives in the past. As LGBTQ communities have grown and the connections between groups within it have become at once stronger and more complicated, the clothes that lesbians (and others) wear can function as narrators. Lesbian fashion can be a tool for solidarity, our ideals worn quite literally on our sleeves. This paper is an analysis of how clothing has been - and is being - used by lesbians to show support for other groups within LGBTQ communities, through a fashion history lens. The focus is on printed t-shirts as well as clothing in different Pride flag colours, which I propose can be understood as a kind of “flagging.” Flagging, here, is a way to understand the intentional choices made by lesbians and other LGBTQ + people when signalling personal identities and intra-community solidarities through dress. When solidarity activism is placed directly onto the lesbian body, it is personal, and can craft specific messages. These messages, constructed from a language of identities, visual culture, and physical garments, are what this paper seeks to examine.

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE WEAR FOR FIREWORK EMPLOYEES

The fireworks industry is well known for being a hazardous industry, from the initial manufacturing phase to the transportation and storage of fireworks. The industry is situated in Sivakasi, Tamilnadu where more than 800000 people are employed. Most of the accidents occur in the filling of chemicals and storage of raw materials due to improper handling, lack of awareness on safety measures and not using any protective clothing (wear). Hence an attempt is made in this research to develop a protective wear from PVC coated Cotton fabric. In the initial phase, cotton yarn is selected based on commercial availability. The yarn properties such as yarn count, lea strength, single yarn strength, elongation and TPI were evaluated as per standards. It is observed from the results that the cotton yarn has lea strength of 75.39 lbf, single yarn strength of 0.26kg/f and Rate of elongation is observed as 18.8 mm. In the second phase the yarn samples are coated with PVC and fabric samples are developed. The fabric samples are tested for flammability, LOI, abrasion resistance, air permeability and comfort properties. Key Words: protective wear, cotton, pvc, flame retardant, comfort.

Strategies to reduce environmental impacts from textiles: Extending clothing wear life compared to fibre displacement assessed using consequential LCA

This study compared two strategies for reducing the environmental consequences of garments: changing fibre types or increasing the number of wears per garment to avoid manufacturing new garments. Scenarios were quantified using multi-indicator consequential life cycle assessment, and sensitivity was determined to test the robustness of the results. Increasing the number of wears per garment resulted in lower impacts across all indicators and fibre types. Conversely, changing fibre types resulted in changes to co-product systems and in trade-offs between environmental impacts, limiting the effectiveness of this strategy to reduce garment environmental impacts. Consistent environmental improvements were achieved by maximising the actual wear life of garments and minimising unnecessary garment purchases, not by changing fibre types. Strategies focused on reducing impacts from textiles and garments should focus on maximising consumer garment use as the highest priority to reduce environmental impact using fibre types and garment designs most suited to long life.

Concentrations and health risk appraisal of heavy metals and volatile organic compounds in soils of automobile mechanic villages in Ogun State, Nigeria.

This report presents the findings of the concentrations, distributions and health risks assessment of heavy metals (HMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in topsoils of two typical automobile mechanic villages (MVs) situated within Ogun State, Nigeria. One of the MVs is located in basement complex terrain (Abeokuta), while the second is in the sedimentary formation (Sagamu). Ten composite samples were collected at depth of 0-30cm with the aid of soil auger from spent oil-contaminated spots within the two MVs. The chemical parameters of interest were Pb, Cd, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) as well as oil and grease (O&G). In addition, soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), electrical conductivity (EC) and particle size distribution were also evaluated in order to find out their impacts on assessed soil pollutants. Results revealed that the soils in both MVs are of sandy loam texture, slight acidic to neutral pH, mean CEC < 15 cmol/kg and mean EC > 100 μS/cm. The mean concentration of each of analyzed HMs and VOCs in soils from the two MVs was < 5mg/kg, while the mean values of TPH and O&G content were > 50mg/kg. The mean Cd values in soils of both MVs were higher than the national soil screening level of 0.8mg/kg, but lower than the Canadian and Italian guidelines. There is no significant correlation between each of HMs/VOCs and any of assessed soil physicochemical variables. The non-cancer risk expressed in terms of hazard index (HI) was > 1 via oral ingestion route for adults and children at the two MVs, indicating adverse non-carcinogenic health risk. The HI > 1 value was obtained for adults only through the dermal absorption pathway in Abeokuta MV. However, HI values for the two age groups at the two MVs via inhalation route were < 1, indicating no likelihood of any non-carcinogenic effects via the breathing exposure. The potential of non-cancer risk via oral ingestion route in both MVs was derived from the contributive ratios of HMs and VOCs in the order: Cd > benzene > Pb > toluene. The carcinogenic risk (CR) values due to ingested Cd, benzene and Pb for both age groups at the two MVs exceed the safe limit range of 10-6 to 10-4. Cadmium, benzene and lead made considerable contributions to the estimation of CR through dermal exposure for adults only in Abeokuta MV. The CR values via inhalation pathway for adults and children in both MVs were within the threshold range. Artisans and children should circumvent accidental ingestion of contaminated soils in addition to wearing of protective clothes during routine vehicle maintenance activities.

Assessment of knowledge and patterns of weedicide and personal protective equipment usage among farmers in some cocoa farming communities in Ghana

The inability of farmers to adhere to the precise usage pattern of weedicides and personal protective equipment (PPE) in cocoa cultivation has been a challenge to cocoa production, the environment and human health. We conducted a study to determine the usage pattern of weedicides and PPE in some cocoa-growing communities in the Western North region of Ghana. We collected data from 92 cocoa farmers distributed in five communities using a semi-structured questionnaire and descriptive statistics was employed in analysing the data in the form of frequency, percentages and p values. The results indicated a significant difference (P < 0.05) in all the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers where most of the smallholder farmers were of old age. The majority (84%) of the farmers used both manual and chemical methods of weed control in their farms. Farmers' choice of weed control method was significantly influenced by their level of education, use of protective clothing and their socio-economic characteristics. Farmers’ knowledge of weedicide usage, mode of application, rate of application and time of application was low. Wearing of protective clothing, wellington boots and overalls were common among farmers during weedicide application. Yet farmers complained of body irritation, severe headaches, catarrh, and body aches after weedicide usage. This is an indication of incomplete or improper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by the farmers who were not aware of the dangers associated with the use of weedicides on their health. Based on these health problems and other related issues, Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD) has discouraged cocoa farmers from the use of weedicides in the cocoa ecosystem. Instead, COCOBOD has provided slashers for use by farmers.

Sew what for sustainability? Exploring intergenerational attitudes and practices to clothing repair in Ireland.

While a traditional practice, clothing repair has recently garnered more attention from geographers and social scientists examining potential pathways to increase sustainable consumption and contribute to a circular economy. Clothing repair is fundamentally about extending the active life of garments and is a key phase of a closed-loop system effectively reducing the need for virgin resources thus avoiding clothing obsolescence or disposal as waste. Repair as a societal phenomenon in Ireland is an under-researched topic, this paper aims to explore the potential of an experiencecentred perspective to advance understandings of current attitudes to and practices of clothing repair.This research study employs innovative wardrobe studies and practice theoretical approaches to provide a snapshot of lived intergenerational practices of everyday clothing wear, care, and repair in Ireland. The findings reported in this paper relatespecifically to clothing repair and arise from empirical in-depth interviews which took place in participants’ own homes and in, or in close proximity to, their wardrobes. The paper highlights the complex multidimensional impact that attachment, memories,and materiality play in user decisions to repair, or not to repair, a garment, and associated decisions related to clothing discard. The paper unpacks intergenerational competencies and confidences in undertaking everyday clothing repair, user-repaircultures, and sewing skills. The discussion concludes with a critical consideration of findings in the context of wider debates surrounding sustainable clothing consumption and the circular economy.

Water-related atmospheric agents and solubility: two parameters of validation in toxicological screening on clothing worn by skeletal remains

In forensic toxicology, when conventional matrices are no longer available, alternative matrices can be used to assess toxicological investigations. Clothes worn by skeletal remains may be a good unconventional matrix for toxicological analyses considering that they have absorbed decomposition fluids and blood from a body. We hypothesized a scenario in which a skeleton, wearing clothes, was discovered in an open environment. From this starting point, an experimental study was developed on different textiles (cotton, wool, and polyester) to evaluate whether water-related atmospheric agents and molecule solubility can largely influence the detection of molecules of toxicological interest on this specific matrix, together with the characteristics of different garments chosen. The experimental study was performed on blood spots, previously spiked with 6-monoacetylmorphine and morphine, accurately placed on different textiles and washed with different quantities of deionized water adjusted at pH 5.6 with formic acid to simulate different rainfall conditions. Toxicological analyses were performed via Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry analyses (Thermo Scientific™ TSQ Fortis™ II Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer). From the experimental study morphine could not be detected on 100% cotton and 100% wool fabric after the passing of 500 mL of deionized water and in 100% synthetic polyester textile after washing with 250 mL of deionized water. In conclusion, when toxicological analyses are carried out on unconventional matrices as textiles worn by corpses exposed to different environmental conditions, it is of great importance, in using such substrates as evidence for the presence of molecules of toxicological interest, to evaluate chemical-physical characteristics of each analyte under investigation in order to correctly interpret the toxicological data obtained.

Patient and Staff Attitudes Toward Clothing Restrictions on a Pediatric Psychiatric Unit

AbstractIntroductionPediatric psychiatric inpatients are among the most vulnerable individuals in society. While the use of seclusion and restraint is well chronicled in the field of research in this population, there is limited literature describing the effects, meaning, and attitudes of mandating the wear of clothing in hospital settings. This research explores the phenomenon of the practice of mandatory wear of hospital-issued clothing and its meaning to patients and the awareness and attitudes of this practice among staff caring for this population. This research aims to improve understanding of the experiences of patients regarding this practice at a large, urban hospital providing care for children using a mixed methods design. A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological analysis was conducted through individual interviews with adolescent patients (N = 5) on an inpatient psychiatric unit. Additionally, a cross-sectional self-reported questionnaire examined the awareness and attitudes toward this practice among unit staff (N = 41). The patients’ attitudes toward clothing restrictions was predominantly negative, noting a lack of self-expression, feeling like a mental health patient, desires to wear ones’ personal clothing, and feelings of shame and punishment. Among the staff there was a modest correlation between age, number of years practicing as a health professional, and years practicing in a pediatric setting with feelings of a need for a change in the clothing policy to allow patients to wear their own clothing on admission. Staff age and number of years working at the institution demonstrated a modest correlation between awareness of legal statutes regarding patients’ rights to their own clothing. This research found a readiness among staff to adopt a clothing policy that would permit patients to wear their own clothing on admission, which would improve the negative experiences described among the patients in the sample.FundingNo Funding

Macroscopic assessment of environmental trace evidence dynamics in forensic settings

Environmental trace evidence offers useful circumstantial intelligence to link persons and scenes of forensic interest. An increasing empirical research base is dedicated towards understanding the transfer and persistence dynamics of environmental indicators including pollen, soils, and diatoms, within a diverse range of experimental frameworks. This paper presents two discrete studies exploring transfer and persistence of soils and sediments on footwear and diatomaceous earth adhered to clothing in forensically pertinent scenarios. Variables including sediment type, foot position, clothing type, and body positioning were also explored throughout. Both experiments incorporated a field-based methodology during the sampling effort. Photographs were collected of an initial transfer sample and of a retained assemblage following hours, days, and up to one-week of wear, facilitating macroscopic assessment of trace evidence dynamics. All images were processed using accessible, open-source software before spatial analysis of evidence distribution within and temporal assessment (% retention) upon each evidential surface. The results highlighted consistent loss of transferred sediment from footwear with significantly greater retention of loamy clay soil than dune sand which was absent beyond 24 h of wear. Loss was not influenced by wearer gait but was more rapid from those areas of the shoe sole in direct contact with the ground. Diatomaceous earth was retrieved from all three clothing types tested after one week – significant losses of material occurred before 48 h with a consistent assemblage identified beyond this. Denim was significantly more effective than acrylic and fleece for diatomaceous earth retention and significantly more material was lost from clothing worn on the lower body. These findings highlight the value of using visual environmental markers and a macroscopic analytical approach during the investigation of environmental trace dynamics. The methodology offers a novel, non-destructive assessment of soil and diatom transfer and persistence, complementing more extensive laboratory-based examinations to ensure the development of a well-rounded research base within the forensic sciences.

Authentication and Evaluation of the Hadiths in the Books of the Sufis Regarding the Prophet Encouraging the Wearing of Woolen Clothes

Giyim kuşamla ilgili olarak sûfîlerin eleştirildiği konulardan biri de yün elbise giymenin sünnet olduğu hususuna inanmalarıdır. Mutasavvıfların yün elbise giymenin faziletine dair eserlerinde kaydettikleri hadislerin bir kısmı yün elbise giyilmesini teşvik eden hadislerden, diğer bir kısmı ise Hz. Peygamber ile sahâbe ve tâbiînin yün elbise giydiklerinden söz eden rivâyetlerden oluşmaktadır. Bu rivâyetlerin bir bölümü merfû, diğer bir bölümü mevkûf ve maktû hadislerdir. Bu rivâyetlerden yün elbise giyilmesini teşvik eden merfû hadislerin çoğunluğu uydurma veya zayıf hadisleri konu edinen kitaplarda geçen zayıf veya mevzû hadislerden oluşurken, başta Kütüb-i Sitte olmak üzere muhtelif temel hadis kaynaklarında geçtiğini tespit ettiğimiz Hz. Peygamber ile sahâbe ve tâbiînin yün elbise giydiklerinden söz eden rivâyetlerin geneli sahih veya hasen hadislerdir. Bu çalışmada, mutasavvıfların kitaplarında geçen ilgili hadislerin sened ve metin cihetinden sıhhat dereceleri incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede rivâyetlerin yer aldığı bütün hadis kaynaklarından istifade edilmiş, ayrıca bu rivâyetler hakkında âlimlerin görüş ve düşüncelerini tespit için hadis şerhleri yanında tasavvuf kitaplarına da müracaat edilmiştir.

Communication and Behavior Change at SMAN 30 Tangerang

Communication is a way of disseminating information and sharing it with others. More formally, it is the transmission of information between a source and one or more receivers, the process of sharing meaning. Use a common set of rules We transmit information in different ways. To the people. This is often done in spoken or written language. but non-verbal communication also plays an important role in other interactions. For example, body posture, facial expressions, clothes worn, also contribute to the transmission of messages and constantly disseminate information. Intentionally or unintentionally. About our perceptions, intentions and feelings. Communication is unavoidable, it's not just about our own identity. You can get your message across without saying or doing anything. If you don't laugh or laugh at the right time, you can convey your message as hard as a smile or a laugh.