Clothing Waste Research Articles

Anisotropic foams derived from textile-based cellulose nanocrystals and xanthan gum

The upcycling of discarded garments can help to mitigate the environmental impact of the textile industry. Here, we fabricated hybrid anisotropic foams having cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which were isolated from discarded cotton textiles and had varied surface chemistries as structural components, in combination with xanthan gum (XG) as a physical crosslinker of the dispersion used for foam preparation. All CNCs had crystallinity indices above 85 %, zeta potential values below −40 mV at 1 mM NaCl, and true densities ranging from 1.61 to 1.67 g·cm−3. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements indicated weak interactions between CNC and XG, while rheology measurements showed that highly charged CNCs caused the XG chains to change from an extended to a helicoidal conformation, resulting in changes the in viscoelastic properties of the dispersions.The inclusion of XG significantly enhanced the compression mechanical properties of the freeze-casted foams without compromising their thermal properties, anisotropy, or degree of alignment. CNC-XG foams maintained structural integrity even after exposure to high humidity (91 %) and temperatures (100 °C) and displayed very low radial thermal conductivities. This research provides a viable avenue for upcycling cotton-based clothing waste into high-performance materials.

Comprehensive characterization of unscientifically disposed municipal solid waste (MSW) in Kashmir Region, India.

Unscientific dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a common practice in Kashmir. To have an environmentally friendly and sustainable waste management system, MSW was collected from nine study locations of this region. They were air-dried, then oven-dried at 105°C for 24h, segregated, and characterized for various components. The overall average organic waste was > 55%, plastic waste about 17%, inert material about 10%, paper 9%, and cloth waste 7%. The calorific value of paper and plastic wastes exhibited was 4910kcal/kg, while organic waste had a calorific value of 1980kcal/kg. The proximate analysis showed that the moisture content ranged from 16 to 29%, volatile matter ranged from 49 to 72%, ash content ranged from 0.03 to 5%, and fixed carbon ranged from 5 to 20%. In S7, the volatile matter content recorded the lowest value at 49.15%, while in S5, the volatile matter content was notably higher at 71.84%, indicating easier ignition. Further, elemental analysis revealed that the major elements in MSW were carbon and oxygen, 53% and 37%, respectively, with small traces of heavy metals with an average of 0.02% cadmium (Cd) and 0.006% lead (Pb). Moreover, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs provided confirmation that the majority of components in the MSW exhibited either partial or complete degradation, resulting in a rough surface texture. In addition, the presence of silica and other silicate groups was also detected. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed that the main functional groups were alcohol. In the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, all the major mineral phases were detected between 20 and 30° 2θ, except for the peaks at 50-60° 2θ in S3 and S9 where catalysts such as zeolite Y and zeolite X were detected. Overall, the MSW had low moisture content but higher calorific value, making it a viable feedstock.

Kampanye Sosial Pemanfaatan Pakaian Lama Dengan Metode Upcycle Kepada Generasi Z Di Kota Palembang

The impact of textile waste is a serious problem for health and the environment. Generation Z often chooses to throw away clothes rather than looking for ways to reuse them and not many are aware that these used items can be recycled into items that have benefits and economic value. Generation Z's lack of awareness of the dangers of textile waste and lack of education about upcycling methods are the main problems in this design. Therefore, it is necessary to design a campaign video that can widely reach Generation Z with the aim of making it easier to provide information about upcycling methods and providing awareness of the dangers of textile waste. The main aim of the design is to provide information about how important it is to use used clothing waste in the city of Palembang, to raise awareness and encourage that used clothing waste can be put to good use. Apart from being useful for protecting the environment, used clothing waste can also produce positive feedback from its use.Keywords : Textile waste, Upcycling, Clothing, Campaign Videos.

Ag Nanoparticle Incorporated Guar Gum-Sodium Alginate-I-Carrageenan Tribiopolymer Blended Cloth Waste Lint Extracted Cellulose Nanocrystal Antimicrobial Composite Film.

A biopolymer-based formulation for robust and active food packaging material was developed. This material consisted of a blend of three biopolymers (guar gum-sodium alginate-i-carrageenan) reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) alongside the integration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with varying sizes. The CNC utilized in this process was derived from cloth waste lint (CWL) generated from a household cloth dryer machine. This CNC synthesis underwent a series of solvent treatments to yield the CNC used in the composite. CNC and AgNPs were incorporated into the tribiopolymeric blend matrix to construct a nanocomposite film that showed excellent tensile strength (∼90 MPa). The nanocomposite film also exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Bacillus cereus MTCC 1272. In this report, it was demonstrated that the zone of inhibition against E. coli and B. cereus depends on the variation of size and amount of AgNPs inside the polymeric matrix. The practical applicability of such a film was also demonstrated by applying it to sliced bread and the enhancement of the shelf life of the raped bread was compared with a control. Thus, the guar gum-sodium alginate-i-carrageenan tribiopolymer blend with a cloth waste lint extracted cellulose nanocrystal composite film is antimicrobial, hence, an excellent candidate as an active packaging film.

Depolymerization of PET with Ethanol by Homogeneous Iron Catalysts Applied for Exclusive Chemical Recycling of Cloth Waste

Acid-, base-free depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with ethanol by FeCl3, FeBr3 (1.0-5.0 mol%) gave diethyl terephthalate (DET) and ethylene glycol (EG) exclusively (98->99 %, 160-180 ºC), and FeCl3 showed...

Aspects regarding the impact of cloth waste burning in the historical residential areas of the Petroșani municipality

The restructuring of the mining sector in the Jiu Valley basin in the context of decarbonization has as its main goal the reduction of atmospheric pollution. Despite the fact that previous studies suggest an overall improvement in air quality as a result of this process, most ignore the lack of an immediate alternative to the use of coal as a primary energy resource both locally and regionally. This lack of alternatives has been found to have a negative influence on air quality through the noxious gases and Particulate Matter released into the atmosphere following the burning of some fuels, cloth and footwear waste, especially in the historical residential areas of the cities. In this paper, some of the results obtained from the instrumental determinations carried out in different areas of the Petroșani Municipality are presented, with special regard to the air quality in the Historical Center of this city.

Experimental study on mechanical properties of shredded prepreg carbon cloth waste fiber reinforced concrete

The incorporation of sustainable and eco-friendly materials in the construction industry has become a crucial pursuit in recent years. Prepreg carbon cloth waste (PCCW), a byproduct of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) manufacturing process, presents an opportunity for recycling and reducing environmental impact. This research explores the feasibility and mechanical properties of concrete reinforced by shredded prepreg carbon cloth waste (SPCCW) fiber of random sizes. High-speed crusher is applied to manufacture the SPCCW fibers and a comprehensive experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the effects of varying SPCCW fiber content on the mechanical performances of the concrete. To achieve these objectives, several concrete mixtures with different SPCCW fiber dosages (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by volume) are designed, prepared, and subjected to SEM analysis and a series of mechanical property tests. The results indicate that as the proportion of SPCCW fiber increases, the slump gradually decreases; at a content of 1% the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength exhibit the greatest enhancements with increases of 20.9% and 14.3% respectively; the optimal enhancement for axial compressive strength is observed at a dosage of 1.5% resulting in an increase of 17.4%. Based on the analysis of workability and various mechanical properties, it can be concluded that an acceptable SPCCW fiber dosage is 1%, with the maximum limit being 1.5%.

Statistical optimization of cellulose nanocrystal from cotton cloth waste using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and response surface methodology

Statistical optimization of cellulose nanocrystal from cotton cloth waste using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and response surface methodology

Doodlage: contributing to circular economy in fashion

Research methodology The case is written on the basis of published sources only. Case overview/synopsis Doodlage, a start-up incorporated in 2012 by Kriti Tula, Paras Arora and Vaibhav Kapoor, used discarded waste to create sustainable fashion products. It had a first-mover advantage in recycled fashion goods in the first 10 years of its existence. The company contributed to sustainable fashion by providing an alternative to fast fashion production, creating enormous clothing waste and environmental degradation. In the first quarter of 2022, it saved and reused 15,000 m of fabric waste. From 2018 to 2021, the company grew 150% annually, targeting the right customers and regions to expand its business. It ensured that postproduction industrial waste and postconsumption garments were used to produce clothes. It also confirmed that the waste generated in its fabric screening process was used to create stationery items and other valuable accessories. However, the sustainable fashion model that gave the company a competitive advantage became obsolete in 2022 due to increasing competition in the industry as various players using unique ideas entered the market. The company is encountering operational and logistical challenges that are affecting its performance. The demand for its products was also subdued due to high prices of upcycled and recycled clothes and less consumer spending post-COVID pandemic. The competitors of Doodlage offered multiple products produced using environmentally friendly farming and manufacturing techniques, attracting sustainable purchasers. What should be the new portfolio of products for the company to explore future growth opportunities? Considering their vast price, can consumers be encouraged to buy upcycled clothes? How should the company ride the winds of change in the industry? Complexity academic level The instructor should initiate the class discussion by asking questions such as how frequently do you shop for clothes? Do you care about the fabric of your apparel? After you discard your clothes, do you think about where these goods finally end up? Data on the amount of total waste generated in the fashion industry should be communicated to students to connect it with the importance of the concept of circular economy. Post this, the instructor should introduce the business model of Doodlage to bring the discussion into the context of the fashion industry before going ahead to discuss the company’s dilemma.

Consumer attitude and disposal behaviour to second-hand clothing in Ghana

The issue of second-hand clothing which is exported from Europe and America into the African market remains a critical problem that poses threats to the eco-system. These clothing are sometimes unusable and have a limited life span which is eventually disposed of into landfills and water bodies. Thus, producing smells and toxic chemicals that pollute the air and environment when burnt or left to decompose. These indiscriminate disposals have been a major concern to citizens, stakeholders, and Governments. With the recurring threats posed by this practice, new technological innovations have been proposed and developed by leading brands and new start-ups in the industry to limit such negative impacts. Several studies on second-hand clothing are from the Global South, with limited research conducted by researchers within developing countries to understand the influence of behaviours and attitudes of consumers on the purchase of this clothing. Hence, this paper presents the first attempt to understand consumer attitudes towards the purchase and disposal of second-hand clothing in the environment of Ghana. Furthermore, the initial sections of the paper highlight new technologies and approaches developed by global brands and start-ups in Africa to curb second-hand clothing waste. A structured online questionnaire was developed and used to collect empirical data from 135 consumers in the Ashanti and Greater Accra regions of Ghana, a context that few studies have focused on. The regression analysis revealed that both attitude and disposal behaviour have a significantly positive influence on the consumption intention of consumers. Lastly, attitude had a positive and no significant impact on the relationship between disposal behaviour and consumption intention. Findings contribute to appropriate policy and regulation formation, the need for education, and environmental perspectives on the effects of these clothing for the implementation of circular initiatives. Hence, the study recommends the provision of waste bins, the establishment of recycling plants, and the enforcement of strict regulations to limit the importation of second-hand clothing into the Ghanaian markets.

Developments in Recycling of Polyester Textile Waste

The textile and garment industry’s fast fashion model, driven by cheap production and consumer demand, has shortened garment lifespans and increased clothing waste. Utilizing water, energy, minerals, colorant, and several harmful chemicals has loaded Mother Earth with immense consumption of resources. Synthetic fibers, particularly polyester, dominate the industry, contributing to carbon emissions and environmental pollution. Despite the potential for recycling, textile waste often ends up in landfills. Implementing circular economy techniques could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and resource consumption. However, the current recycling rates for textiles are low, especially in developing countries. Additionally, the presence of microplastics from polyester in the environment poses a threat to organisms. The industry is shifting towards a circular economy model, aiming to create a closed loop where textiles can be reused and waste is minimized, thus saving resources, and reducing environmental impacts.

Other System

Fashion industry is one of the sectors that has the highest environmental impact, furthermore, because of its supply chain, the increase of textile and clothing waste production has become a huge global concern. The fashion system must play an important role in the path towards sustainability giving the waste a bigger value than the one it has today. Luckily, new ways of production are spreading out, giving life to the “Other system”: a different, circular path that encourages an innovative eye on fashion wastes. Waste has been commonly considered as an unwanted or unusable material. Following the attempt to highlight the value of waste, this study investigates three research questions: Are there any different ways of fashion production? What are the links between them? What are the differences between the “Other system” and the traditional fashion system? For this research seventeen case studies have been considered, including textile producers and vendors, fashion brands and textile artists.

The Dual Strategy for Textile and Fashion Production Using Clothing Waste

This study aims to utilize a dual physical and digital strategy for the completion of a process that achieves two goals: the treatment of large amounts of clothing waste and the development of materials and products. This study expands the author’s previous research on the feasibility of using clothing waste as a textile material and the development of weaving methods. The processes of material analysis, design, material development, and product production for clothing waste were connected by the dual strategy. The project was conducted by three groups of designers for ten months and evaluated by ten experts. A total of eighteen digital products were developed, including three physical products and one digital twin. Digital and physical models were dressed and subjected to objective and in-depth evaluations by experts. The experts determined that the match rate between the physical products and digital twins was over 90% and that each process step was conducted appropriately. The process was also deemed applicable for 50% of the industrial sector and 80% of the education sector. Therefore, this study connected the quantitative disposal of garment waste to the qualitative design and production of new material, introducing a new process strategy to maintain sustainability in the fashion industry.

A Survey of the Role of Charity Societies in Recycling Clothing Waste and the Extent of Their Societal Impact in Saudi Arabia

Clothing waste is one of the key wastes that societies discard in general, the Saudi society in particular. This increases environmental and visual pollution if necessary measures are not taken to reduce these pollutants. In turn, many charity societies that specialize in collecting clothing waste in Saudi Arabia have taken advantage of this waste by recycling it and thus achieving clothing sustainability, which, in turn, maintains environmental balance, especially since we are a clothing-consumer society. Recently, the researcher noticed the spread of many clothing containers for collecting used clothes by charity societies all over residential neighborhoods in the central, western, eastern and northern regions; this study focuses on the fate of those used clothes that are disposed of and placed in the containers designated for them. But, has this initiative of charity societies achieved the public benefit of society by sustaining these wastes? The study includes three hypotheses, and to verify them, we conduct variance tests, and Scheffe tests for multiple comparisons, as well as (T) tests. The study reaches the conclusion that there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample members in how charity societies benefit from clothing waste according to the study variables, where the (F) value is (46.369), which is a statistically significant value at a level of (0.01). There are also statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample members in the methods of classifying and sorting clothing waste to achieve its sustainability according to the study variables, where the (F) value is (15.212), which is a statistically significant value at the level of (0.01). There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample members in the societal impact of charity societies to achieve clothing sustainability according to the study variables, where the (T) value is (8.403), which is a statistically significant value at the level of significance (0.01).

Pelatihan Pembuatan Keset dari Pakaian Bekas Guna Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Ibu PKK di Dusun Gumelem Desa Banjarejo Kecamatan Kedungpring Lamongan

Based on observations that have been made while there, that many people there do not use used clothes that are not used anymore and even they throw them away and burn them. From this statement, the community service team this time held a training on making used doormats to reduce waste from used clothes that are no longer used. Making doormats from used clothing waste aims to reduce waste and add new skills and knowledge for PKK mothers. This activity lasts for 2 days on Monday and Tuesday, December 19 – 20, 2022. Located in Banjarejo village hall. And followed by 23 PKK mothers. The training succeeded in making PKK mothers get solutions as well as benefits and new knowledge related to the processing of used clothing waste.

PELATIHAN ECO FRIENDLY PACKAGING DI BANK SAMPAH GULON ASRI SURAKARTA

Gulon Asri Waste Bank is a place used to collect waste that has been sorted first. The selected waste is then collected and made crafts. Garbage Bank with good potential to be able to increase people's income. Making packaging at the Gulon Asri Waste Bank is a form of support for the creativity of the community that makes interesting works from waste. This program aims to help the Gulon Asri Waste Bank by utilizing leftover fabrics to be developed as packaging so as to increase the commercial value of the product. The public can create economical value packaging with attractive packaging. Then, the waste bank community can also increase environmental and community awareness by empowering existing resources, increasing motivation, and community creativity. The community can also develop creativity in making sustainable and environmentally friendly packaging so that the products created by the waste bank have attractive packaging by utilizing cloth waste as well and have high selling power.

Analysis of marine garbage catches in mangrove roots of rhizophora sp in senggarang besar, tanjungpinang, Indonesia

Rhizophora sp has a single root. The shape of the roots, which are like anchors, is what makes mangroves wave absorbers, sediment binder, and so on. One of the functions of mangrove roots is to prevent the release of garbage into the open sea. This is due to the shape of the roots that make garbage snagged (caught) on the sidelines of the roots. The purpose of this study was to analyze the capture of marine debris in the mangrove roots of Rhizophora sp in the Sengarang Besar ecosystem. This research was conducted in December 2021 in the mangrove forest of Senggarang Besar. The method used is the line transect method with 10 Rhizophora sp mangrove trees located on the coast. Then, data analysis on the density of waste caught in the mangrove roots of Rhizophora sp. The results showed that the inorganic waste found in the mangrove roots of Rhizophora sp were plastic waste, metal waste, glass waste, rubber waste, and cloth waste. Plastic waste is the highest waste catch in the mangrove ecosystem of the Great Senggarang beach. Then the data that has been taken is analyzed using Pearson correlation to prove whether there is a relationship between the circumference and the type of garbage caught. The results of the Pearson correlation between cloth and plastic with root circumference were -0.30 and -0.04 (no correlation between the two variables); Pearson glass correlation with root circumference was 0.45 (sufficient correlation); Pearson rubber correlation with circumference is 0.71 (strong correlation). It can be concluded that there are other factors such as geographical influences, ocean currents, and others in the catch of garbage at mangrove roots.

Analysis of marine garbage catches in mangrove roots of rhizopora sp in senggarang besar, tanjungpinang

Rhizopora sp has a single root. The shape of the roots, which are like anchors, is what makes mangroves a wave absorber, sediment binder, and so on. One of the functions of mangrove roots is to prevent the release of garbage into the open sea. This is due to the shape of the roots that make garbage snagged (caught) on the sidelines of the roots. The purpose of this study was to analyze the capture of marine debris in the mangrove roots of Rhizopora sp in the Sengarang Besar ecosystem. This research was conducted in December 2021 in the mangrove forest of Senggarang Besar. The method used is the line transect method with 10 Rhizopora sp mangrove trees located on the coast. Then, data analysis on the density of waste caught in the mangrove roots of Rhizopora sp. The results showed that the inorganic waste found in the mangrove roots of Rhizopora sp were plastic waste, metal waste, glass waste, rubber waste, and cloth waste. Plastic waste is the highest waste catch in the mangrove ecosystem of the Great Senggarang beach. Then the data that has been taken is analyzed using Pearson correlation to prove whether there is a relationship between the circumference and the type of garbage caught. The results of the Pearson correlation between cloth and plastic with root circumference were -0.30 and -0.04 (no correlation between the two variables); Pearson glass correlation with root circumference was 0.45 (sufficient correlation); Pearson rubber correlation with circumference is 0.71 (strong correlation). It can be concluded that there are other factors such as geographical influences, ocean currents and others in the catch of garbage at mangrove roots.

A Study on the Production Methods of Upcycling Tweed Fabric Using Clothing Waste Based on Chanel’s Tweed Design

This study aimed to produce upcycled tweed fabric using clothing waste, and to this end, weaving methods for tweed were designed, and the creative upcycling of tweeds was produced. For the improvement in the quality of recycled fabrics and to produce creative, upcycled tweed designs, four weaving methods were designed based on Chanel’s tweed design. Various types of discarded clothing waste were collected and used as materials. The upcycling tweeds produced were evaluated by experts based on the factors of novelty and appropriateness. As a result of the evaluation, all of the upcycled tweed fabrics presented excellent creativity scores. The creativity score was high when different materials, such as yarn and fabric tape and yarn and bead, were used. Tweed weaving is not difficult to perform, and our interest increased during the weaving process. The creativity of upcycling tweed fabric was discussed in depth, centered on experts who evaluated upcycling tweeds. Through this study, the possibility of popularizing the upcycling of tweed fabric using clothing waste is expected. This study is meaningful in that it presents aesthetic and functional utilization methods for decreasing clothing waste and shows the possibility of creative changes made to clothing waste.

Development of Sustainable Creative Three-Dimensional Virtual Woven Textiles Using Clothing Waste

The purpose of this study was to design weaving methods for the aesthetic and practical recycling of various types of clothing waste, making creative woven textiles and three-dimensional virtual textiles based on them. This study is a follow-up study on the production of upcycling fabric using clothing waste and was conducted to overcome the limitations of the preceding study. Before conducting this study, a preliminary survey was conducted on the perception of clothing waste recycling among weaving participants. The investigation found that the necessity of recycling clothing waste was recognized, but methods for doing so were not known. The demand for easy and diverse recycling methods that can aesthetically improve clothing waste has been identified. In this study, seven weaving methods based on plain weaving were designed. The weaving method was based on the plain weaving method, and warp, weft, and matt weaving were divided into regular or irregular weaving. Warp yarn was used to improve the durability of the textile, and weft yarn was utilized to increase the use of clothing waste and maintain the aesthetic effects of the original materials. The twenty people who participated in the preliminary survey performed creative textile production using clothing waste and evaluated materials and weaving methods. Creative textiles using clothing waste were created as 3D virtual textiles by the author. A group of experts evaluated the novelty and appropriateness of the creative textiles and 3D virtual textiles and participated in a focus group interview. As a result of this study, 140 creative textiles and 3D virtual textiles were produced based on the developed methods. According to the evaluation of the materials and design methods, the preparation of the material was easy, the suitability of the material was high, and the difficulty of the weaving method was low. The difficulty of each weaving type was the lowest for the plain and matt regular method, and the highest for the weft irregular method. The irregular type was highly evaluated in the novelty category, and the regular type was highly evaluated in the appropriateness category. In the focus group interviews, experts positively evaluated the usefulness of the material, the appropriateness of the design methods, the novelty of the woven textile, and the appropriateness of the material for 3D virtual clothing.