Layers Of Cloth Research Articles

The Origins of Women’s Skirt and Shirt Clothing on the Moravian-Slovak Border and Its Central European Context

Abstract Over the past one hundred years, folk clothing has been considered one of the most significant elements of cultural heritage and has been perceived in this way not only by experts but, for many decades, by its wearers as well. In the present study, the author seeks to find an answer, based on an analysis of older expert texts, as to what formed the theoretical basis for this process, who were its representatives, at what conclusions they arrived, and how the methods of their work were reflected in the formulation of their conclusions. From the historical perspective, the study summarises the opinions on folk clothing, projected through the idea of Slavic unity, as can be observed in the case of Jan Koula and, through the reception of these opinions, also in the case of Lubor Niederle, Drahomíra Stránská and Viera Nosáľová. This work also offers newer reflections from the studies by Alena Jeřábková on the shaping of folk clothing within the Carpathian culture. Through the example of women’s linen skirts, the material part of the study seeks to point out the pitfalls of these approaches and highlight the need to study the construction of folk clothing from a longer historical perspective. Only in this way is the effect of clothing styles in the form of domestication of the individual pieces of stylish clothing evident, combined with older clothing layers. Even though most parts of folk clothing are not proto-Slavic and do not necessarily relate to the culture of the Carpathian curve, as a whole, they prove well the way the countryside managed to accept the transformations of contemporary fashion over the last four centuries and to incorporate them into a unique clothing complex.

First report of Fusarium fujikuroi causing bulb rot on Lilium lancifolium in China.

First report of Fusarium fujikuroi causing bulb rot on Lilium lancifolium in China.

Application of A Solar Desiccant/Collector System for Water Recovery from Atmospheric Air.(Dept.M)

An integrated desiccant/solar collector system for production of fresh water from atmospheric air has been described. The solar driven system provided about 1.5 liter of fresh water per square meter p er day. The system involves night absorption of water vapor from ambient air and simultaneous desiccant regeneration and water vapor condensation during the daytime. To enhance the mass transfer surface, a thick corrugated layer of cloth was used as a bed carrying the liquid absorbent in the nocturnal phase of operation, air is allowed to penetrate the desiccant bed. The forced airflow is driven by special fans supported on one side of the desiccant / solar collector unit In this study, the effect of different parameters on the absorption and regeneration p rocesses was discussed, and the operational conditions for the proposed equipment were found. Radiation intensity, ambient temperature, bed temperature and temperature of glass surface art recorded. Also, the productivity of the system has been plotted along the daytime, for given operating conditions. A mathematical model is prepared Where its output is compared with the analyzed experimental data. The experimental set-up, which has a square collection area of 2 m2 was op erated at the Solar Energy Application Laboratory, Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering.

Application of Honeycomb Bed as A Desiccant Carrier for Absorption of Water from Air.(Dept.M)

In the present work, the application of a thick layer of cloth in a honeycomb form for the absorption of water vaponr from atmospheric air is investigated. Three equivalent eells are arranged in scrics and the air stream is allowed to flow through them. Liquid Caleium Chloride is applied as the absorbing material. Each cell is impregnated with the desiccant (CaCL2) where the cloth layer functions as a desiccant carrier. In the theoretical model, the effect of various parameters on the absorption process is analyzed. Dimensionless variables are also presented with the corresponding physical meanings. Comparison between the experimental results and the theoretical model show that the agreement is reasonable.

Bioheat Transfer Equation with Protective Layer

The human thermal comfort is the state of mind, which is affected not only by the physical and body’s internal physiological phenomena but also by the clothing properties such as thermal resistance of clothing, clothing insulation, clothing area factor, air insulation, and relative humidity. In this work, we extend the one-dimensional Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation by adding the protective clothing layer. The transient temperature profile with the clothing layer at the different time steps has been carried out using a fully implicit Finite Difference (FD) Scheme with interface condition between body and clothes. Numerically computed results are bound to agree that the clothing insulation and air insulation provide better comfort and keep the body at the thermal equilibrium position. The graphical representation of the results also verifies the effectiveness and utility of the proposed model.

Ultrathin 3 V Spinel Clothed Layered Lithium‐Rich Oxides as Heterostructured Cathode for High‐Energy and High‐Power Li‐ion Batteries†

Main observation and conclusionIn an attempt to overcome the drawbacks of high‐capacity layered lithium‐rich cathodes xLi2MnO3·(1–x) LiMO2 (0 < x < 1, M = Mn, Ni, and Co), the spinel clothed layered heterostructured materials, x’Li4Mn5O12·(1–x’) Li[Li0.2Mn0.55Ni0.15Co0.1]O2 (x’ = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) have been proposed and synthesized as high‐performance cathode materials for high‐energy and high‐power Li‐ion batteries. Based on the characterizations of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman scattering spectroscopy, it is indicated that ultrathin 3 V spinel Li4Mn5O12 has been successfully clothed on the layered lithium‐rich cathode. Electrochemical tests demonstrate the sample 0.01Li4Mn5O12·0.99 Li[Li0.2Mn0.55Ni0.15Co0.1]O2 with an ultrathin clothing layer of spinel phase, exhibits the highest reversible capacity of 289.4 mAh g–1 and maintains 259.8 mAh g–1 after 80 cycles at 0.1 C rate. Meanwhile, it delivers outstanding rate discharge capacities of 229.4 mAh g–1 at 1 C, 216.8 mAh g–1 at 2 C and 184.4 mAh g–1 at 5 C as well as alleviated voltage fade. It is believed the ultrathin clothing spinel layer plays a vital role in the modification of the materials kinetics, and structural and electrochemical stability of the heterostructured cathode.

Analysis factors affecting formation on the clutch durability between asphalt-concrete layers of road clothing

This article reflects the importance of the road network for the social development of society and the development of the economy of the country as a whole. On the basis of literary sources provides complex analysis of roads in Ukraine, their current functional state and tendencies of development. It is established that the road industry is in a rather difficult situation due to unsatisfactory transport and operational conditions of the vast majority of Ukrainian roads. Construction of new roads is extremely rare because of lack of financial resources. Road works are usually carried out to preserve the network of already existing roads and to ensure their necessary transport and operational status. According to the results of the analysis, one of the main reasons for the premature destruction of newly constructed or repaired non-rigid pavements is the low strength of interlayer adhesion in the contact area of the newly covered material with the layer below. The effect of clutch durability between asphalt layers on the road strength has been studied in detail. A number of factors that affect the quality of clutch durability between layers are analyzed. It is established that in order to ensure the strength of grafting between asphalt concrete layers of road clothing, it is necessary to strictly observe the technological regimes of their laying, above all temperature; to take into account the physical and mechanical properties of materials at the construction stage and the influence of climatic and mechanical factors, or most often their complex effect on the operation of the highway.

Sunrise Summer by Matthew Swanson

Reviewed by: Sunrise Summer by Matthew Swanson Elizabeth Bush Swanson, Matthew Sunrise Summer; illus. by Robbi Behr. Imprint, 2021 [48p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781250080585 $18.99 Reviewed from galleys R 5–8 yrs Summer vacations filled with swimsuits and sandals don’t match the experiences of this narrator and her family, who instead head up to a chilly Alaskan waterway to do some commercial shoreline salmon fishing. This is the summer in which the girl joins the crew, with tasks and responsibilities such as mending nets, repainting an outhouse, toting fresh spring water, and rising at 2:30 in the morning to pull on layers of clothes and gear to set their net in the whipping wind. Hauling heavy wet rope requires group assistance, but in pulling salmon from the net and tossing them into the tote she can now match the adults. Best of all, up here she can “drive them to the buyer, and no one says I shouldn’t or I can’t.” The husband and wife author/ illustrator team base this enticing picture book on their annual family tradition, which began when illustrator Behr’s own family bought land on the Egegik River off Bristol Bay and lived off the grid each salmon season. The cast of family and fellow fishers evince a cheerful, busy-about-their-business camaraderie that recall the relaxed renderings of Matthew Cordell. Illustrated closing notes provide scads of background information on everything from Aleut fishing practices to salmon conservation regulations, methods of salmon fishing, and commercial processing (“In an average summer, our family catches about ten thousand fish—not including the ones we eat!”). It’s a good guess many listeners would love to join them. [End Page 317] Copyright © 2021 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Three-dimensional analysis model of electric heating fabrics considering the skin metabolism

In low temperature environment, electric heating clothing can provide extra heat for human body through built-in heat source, so it has better thermal insulation effect. The thermal analysis is the initial step for electric heating clothing design. The current thermal analysis of electric heating textiles focuses on the fabric itself instead of the effect of skin tissue metabolism and heat production. In order to improve the accuracy of skin surface temperature prediction, the biological heat transfer need be modeled to analyze the internal temperature distribution of the heating suit system. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) thermal analysis model of electric heating clothing combined with human skin tissue is established. Firstly, the coupling analysis of Fourier heat conduction and Pennes biological heat transfer equation is carried out. Then the reliability of the 3D thermal analysis model is verified by finite element analysis (FEA). The results show that the fitting error between the three-dimensional model analysis data and FEA simulation data is 5°C, which proves that the model can accurately predict the system temperature. Finally, we make further research about the effects of ambient temperature, clothing layer thickness, and input power on the maximum skin surface temperature. This study provides theoretical foundation for the design of wearable thermal management fabric.

Research of the efficiency of the use of belite sludge for the device of monolithic layers of road clothes by the method of cold recycling

Introduction. The physical and mechanical properties of belite (nepheline) sludge, a large-tonnage waste of alumina production, are given. The scope of its application is shown in the construction, reconstruction and repair of roads and airfields.Materials and methods. The data of theoretical and laboratory studies on the use of ground nepheline sludge as a binder for strengthening asphalt granulate, including at low temperatures, without antifreeze additives. The optimal dosages of finely ground sludge for strengthening asphalt granulate 10–15℅ have been determined.Results. The results of the experimental studies were confirmed during the production check during the construction of the pilot section of the foundation made of sludge granulometric concrete. The direction of further research is determined.

The influence of the shoulder depth on the properties of the thin sheet joint made by FSW technology

PurposeThis paper aims to experimentally determine the influence of the tool shoulder depth value on the structural and strength properties of the single lap joints made of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy made with friction stir welding (FSW) technology. The aim of the preliminary tests is to optimize the parameters of joining process of thin-walled structures such as the skin-stringer joint or skin-frame joint of the aircraft fuselage. The tests were carried out for materials commonly used in such structures, i.e. 1.6 mm thick sheet 7075–T6 aluminium alloy with cladding on both sides (cladding thickness 4% per each side). The layer of clad protects plates from corrosion.Design/methodology/approachThis study shows the results of the investigation for the joining of 7075–T6 ALCLAD aluminium alloy sheets. The welding process was carried out on a computer numerical control milling machine SOLARUCE TA–20A. Linear FSW welding was performed using a commercial tool from RSS SCHILLING with the symbol 10–K–4–Z–M–O, which is fabricated of hot work tool steel. Constant parameters of the technological process were applied. The welding process was executed for different values of the shoulder depth ZS.FindingsThis paper investigated the dependence between the thinning of the welded material and the depth value of the tool shoulder during the FSW process. The influence of the depth value of tool shoulder on joint strength in the static tensile/shear test was also performed. With the increase of the depth of the tool, the size of flash and structures of the face of the joint changes as well (its annular surface resulting from the tool’s work and the accompanying process of material flow on the run-off side). Such conditions in the process require a proper tool depression to reduce the occurrence of flash and minimize material thinning to achieve high joint strength and maintain the conditions for plasticizing the material.Practical implicationsBased on the experimental tests carried out, a number of guidelines for the correct conduct of the welding process can be outlined.Originality/valueTaking into account the various aspects of the process, the optimal range of the tool depth into the material is a value of approximately 0.06 mm. At this value, the face of the weld is not porous; the flash is easily removed; and the strength of the joint and the deformation of contact line are at an acceptable quality level.

Structural Design and Impact Simulation of Glass Fiber Fragile Cover of Rocket

The fragile cover of rocket not only has the characteristics of sealing and high-temperature resistance, but also can break according to preset scratches when hited by the rocket’s head. In this paper, a penetrating glass fiber fragile cover with scratches is designed, and six structural types are set up with the number of layers laid by glass fiber as independent variables. Based on Hashin failure criterion and damage evolution law, the finite element method is used to simulate the process of rocket breaking through fragile cover and gas flow impinging fragile cover. The results show that the fragile cover will break along the preset scratches, which does not produce debris to interfere with rocket launch. As the number of glass fiber cloth layers increases, the Mises stress of the rocket’s head increased when the fragile cover broken. The impact of the gas flow on the fragile cover of the adjacent pipe is not uniformly distributed, and the maximum value of the Mises stress appears at the scratches of the cover body. As the number of glass layers decreases, the failure index value of the fragile cover under the impact of gas flow increases. The research provides a reference for the design of rocket glass fiber fragile cover.

Climate Change Adaptive Capacity as Modified by Identity, Experience and Health Status in the Eastern Caribbean

As health systems evolve in the face of climate change impacts, residents of the Eastern Caribbean small island states remain especially vulnerable to compromised health status. This study explored adaptive capacity as well as pro-health attitudes and behaviors among residents, age 15 to 75 years, in St. Kitts & Nevis between 2015 and 2019. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the likelihoods of capacity building across community members. Of 392 survey participants, at least 35% reported impacts of storms, droughts, high heat or vector borne diseases in their community. The most commonly reported adaptive behaviors were spending less time outdoors (52%), employing additional water storage (54%), taking cooler baths (57%), reducing clothing layers (59%), relying on natural ventilation (60%), and using air conditioning (AC) or fan (80%). Persons 30 years and older were more likely to initiate health-protective home repairs (OR: 2.37; 95%CI: 1.53, 3.69), eliminate mosquito breeding sites (OR: 2.63; 95%CI: 1.73, 4.02), install pest barriers (OR: 2.08; 95%CI: 1.38, 3.16), or wear less clothing (OR: 2.01; 95%CI: 1.31, 3.11) than younger residents. LGBTQ persons were more likely to initiate health-protective home repairs (OR: 2.17; 95%CI: 1.20, 3.85), eliminate mosquito breeding sites (OR: 2.70; 95%CI: 1.52, 5.00), reduce clothing layers (OR: 2.33; 95%CI: 1.22, 4.55), or use sunscreen (OR: 2.17; 95%: 1.06, 4.17) than non-LGBTQ individuals. Health professionals were more likely to initiate health-centric home repairs (OR: 7.58; 95%CI: 4.24, 14.02), eliminate mosquito breeding sites (OR: 6.45; 95%CI: 3.56, 12.22), physically intervene to help someone threatened by extreme weather (OR: 4.08; 95%CI: 2.31, 7.21), or install pest barriers (OR: 8.51; 95%CI: 4.26, 18.99) relative to non-health professionals. Results reflect the critical importance of demographics - sex, sexuality, age, and profession - as a modifier of risk perception and management.

A Study on the Evaluation of Effective Properties of Randomly Distributed Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) Tissues with Different Compression Ratios

The gas diffusion layer (GDL) typically consists of a thin layer of carbon fiber paper, carbon cloth or nonwoven and has numerous pores. The GDL plays an important role that determines the performance of the fuel cell. It is a medium through which hydrogen and oxygen are transferred and serves as a passage through which water, generated by the electrochemical reaction, is discharged. The GDL tissue undergoes a compressive loading during the stacking process. This leads to changes in fiber content, porosity and resin content due to compressive load, which affects the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of the GDL and ultimately determines fuel cell performance. In this study, the geometry of a GDL was modeled according to the compression ratios (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%), which simulated the compression during the stacking process and predicted the equivalent properties according to the change of GDL carbon fiber content, matrix content and pore porosity, etc. The proposed method to predict the equivalent material properties can not only consider the stacking direction of the material during stack assembling process, but can also provide a manufacturing standard for fastening compressive load for GDL.

Thermal properties of thermal insulation chambers

The paper presents the investigation of thermal properties of thermal insulation chambers as an actuator in intelligent clothing, having the property of automatically adjusting the thermal protection level. The chambers are designed to vary their thickness based on the pressure of the inflated air in them. The pressure value measured in the thermal insulation chamber gives the microcomputer information on the thickness of the chamber. The paper presents the investigation of the functional dependencies of changes in the thickness of the chambers on the air pressure in them and the thermal resistance depending on the thickness of the thermal insulation chamber. Experimental thermal insulation chambers were made and integrated into an intelligent article of clothing and filled with air of 0–50 mbar, whereby chamber thicknesses of 0–25 mm were measured. Next, thermal resistance of 0.1876–0.5022 m2 k/W was measured on the thermal manikin. It was found that the ratio of thermal insulation of non-activated to maximally activated chambers was 1:2.7. Research has shown good results for the area where intelligent clothing can automatically adjust its thermal insulation properties. The technical systems described represent a suitable basis for experiments and scientific research during the introduction of intelligent clothing with active thermal protection into human life. The third-generation prototype shows very good properties from the aspect of automatic control of thermal protection in intelligent clothing. This forms the basis for further research. Cold protection has always been carried out by wearing garments with higher or lower thermal protection as well as wearing multiple layers of clothing. The conceptual starting point of the development of intelligent clothing is the development of an adaptive insulation layer with changeable thickness in the form of thermal insulation chambers filled with air. In this way, layered clothing as well as the use of several clothing layers can be avoided. Thus, one intelligent article of clothing regulating its thermal insulation properties can be used in a wide range of cold weather in the environment of the wearer.

Experimental Assessment of Thermal Performance and Bridging Effects of Low-Cost Sandwich Panels under a High-Temperature Impinging Jet.

Sandwich panels are commonly used across industries for their ability to bear structural and thermal loads. In this paper, a panel chamber matching apparatus was designed to investigate the thermal performance of eight steel-based panels by exposing them to an impinging jet at approximately 550 °C for 30 min. Three types of low-cost materials (polycrystalline filaments, silica aerogel, and aluminum silicate) were used as the insulation core. The temperature of the panel surfaces was measured, as well as the metallic fasteners, including bolts, nails, battens, seams, and angle iron, to examine their thermal bridge effects. Major conclusions include the following: first, the maximum temperature on the impinged surface was consistent among all 20 cases, whereas that of the surface under free convection varied, ranging from 41 to 120 °C, depending on the core and thermal bridges. Second, most of the highest temperatures on opposite surfaces were caused by a section of bare angle iron, and this bridging effect could be significantly reduced by up to 50 °C using a few layers of cloth, although the improvement could be temporary. Bolts and nails were less effective as thermal bridges, while the battens could be more effective. Third, the estimated heat flux of all specimens ranged from 167 to 331 W·m−2.

Lady Smugglers and Lynx-Eyed Customs Agents: Gender, Morality, and Cross-Border Shopping in Detroit and Windsor

This article examines popular attitudes towards cross-border shopping and smuggling in the Detroit-Windsor border region from 1900 to 1960. Reports of individuals attempting to fool border guards by failing to declare items, wearing multiple layers of clothing, or disguising new purchases as used reveal how shoppers felt entitled to goods and were not deterred by customs regulations. Middle-class families that might otherwise balk at breaking the law saw no problem with lying to border agents. This behaviour was highly gendered: women were characterized as naturally inclined to smuggle, given their love of shopping and inability to comprehend the law. Border guards were selective in their application of the law, and middle-class consumers generally had little to fear when they brought back purchases in excess of customs limits. Smuggling went both ways across the border. During the Second World War, Detroit residents flocked to Windsor to purchase meat and dairy products, while in the postwar period, Canadians more typically frequented American stores. This article offers a new way to think about consumer citizenship and how access to goods was assumed to be a right for people living on both sides of the border.

Solar powered foldable apparatus for extracting water from atmospheric air

This investigation provides theoretical and experimental study of a solar powered foldable apparatus used for water extraction from air in arid regions. The experiments were performed under the climate conditions of Mansoura city, Egypt (31.04N latitude and 31.3785E longitude). The main components of the apparatus are absorber, which is a layer of black cotton cloth impregnated with Calcium Chloride (CaCl 2 ) solution. It was designed to resemble an accordion shape, transparent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cover, to enable the solar rays to transmit energy of solar radiation to the black absorber for raising its temperature. During night time, the absorber was placed in atmospheric air by unfolding and putting it on a telescopic stick for absorption process. The absorber collects moisture because of partial water vapor pressure difference between solution and air. During day time, the cover was mounted to isolate the absorber from the surroundings. The sun rays raised the absorber temperature, evaporation occurred, and the evaporated water condensed on the internal surface of the transparent cover. Water was finally collected in a graduated flask. Ambient temperature, temperature of cover, solar radiation and accumulated condensate were recorded during experiments. The accumulated water reached 750 g/day. • Conventional processes are scanty to achieve requirements of remote area water. • Solar energy utilization is considered solution using foldable apparatus. • Theoretical and experimental study of a solar powered foldable apparatus is made. • The productivity range is 272–750 g/day during all experiments.

COVID-19: In the Absence of Vaccination – ‘Mask the Nation’

COVID-19: In the Absence of Vaccination – ‘Mask the Nation’

Heat Strain Assessment Under Three Different Wet Bulb Globe Temperatures With Protective Clothing

Personal protective clothing is an important part of personal protective equipment worn by health care workers and first receivers. Wearing a vapor-barrier layer of protective clothing inhibits sweat evaporation and impairs physiological and perceptual responses. PURPOSE: To evaluate thermoregulatory responses and heat strain indices during simulated healthcare and first receivers’ tasks under three different wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT). METHODS: Four men (25.8±6.8 yrs, 176.5±6.1 cm, 75.3±16.9 kg) wore an ensemble consisting of a loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirator, chemical resistant coverall vapor-barrier ensemble, double gloves, boots, and an apron, while performing a battery of first receiver and health care simulation activities (walking, cutting and removing clothing, scrubbing, placing a splint and cervical collar, and weight carrying) for three repetitions under three different WBGT (18, 26, and 34°C) in counterbalanced order. These environmental conditions were intended to simulate healthcare workplace conditions during mass casualty incidents. Rectal temperature (Tre) and heart rate were continuously monitored and averaged during the last 1-minute of each activity and presented as mean ± standard deviation. Physiological (PSI) and perceptual strain index (PeSI) were calculated at the end of each activity. RESULTS: Over time, Tre, PSI, and PeSI all gradually increased. At the end of the trial, Tre was significantly higher in the 34°C condition (38.5±0.4°C) than the 18°C condition (37.8±0.4°C, p=0.029) but did not differ from the 26°C conditions (38.2±0.6°C, p=0.104). The PSI was significantly higher in 34°C (6.4±1.0) than 26°C (5.1±1.2, p=0.002) and 18°C conditions (2.6±1.1, p=0.001). The PeSI was significantly higher in 34°C (7.6±1.8) than 18°C conditions (3.3±1.8, p=0.006) but did not differ between 34°C (7.6±1.8) and 26°C conditions (5.7±1.4, p=0.075). CONCLUSIONS: Tre and heat strain indices gradually increased over time across all environmental conditions. Tre and PeSI did not differ between 26°C and 34°C WBGT conditions. Tre and PeSI responses may be blunted by wearing a vapor-barrier ensemble. Future studies should examine this hypothesis to clarify the current findings.