Closest Neighbours Research Articles

Studi Islam dalam Pendekatan Sosiologi


 Religious truth is a transcendental truth, absolute truth. The presence of religion is required to be actively involved in regulating the course of life and to be able to solve various problems in society. If so then religion must be able to answer all the problems that arise. The problem is whether religious teachings will solve various problems if only studied with a normative theological approach? According to the writer's opinion, to understand religion, various other alternative approaches are needed, which operationally can provide answers to various problems that arise. The alternative approach includes a sociological approach. The importance of this sociological approach is given the many religious teachings related to social problems. In several verses of the Qur'an it is written an order to believe and then accompanied by an order to act righteously, as in Surah an-Nisa [4] verse 36 there is an order to worship Allah and a prohibition against associating partners with Him followed by an order to do good to both parents, close relatives, orphans, the poor, close neighbors and distant neighbors, colleagues and so on. The sociological approach has a very important role in trying to understand the meanings, symbols that can be found in religion. With this sociological approach, religion will be easy to understand and can be carried out easily too.

Description of Dryocola gen. nov. and two novel species, Dryocola boscaweniae sp. nov. and Dryocola clanedunensis sp. nov. isolated from the rhizosphere of native British oaks

While investigating the role of the rhizosphere in the development of Acute Oak Decline, bacterial strains belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from rhizosphere soil following enrichment for the Enterobacterales. Partial sequencing of several housekeeping genes showed that these strains could not be assigned to an existing genus. Overall, 16 strains were investigated using a polyphasic approach to determine their taxonomic status. This involved phenotypic testing and fatty acid analysis paired with phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and housekeeping gene sequences, as well as phylogenomic analysis of whole genome sequences. Phylogenomic and phylogenetic analyses consistently demonstrated that the 16 isolates could be separated into two distinct clusters in a monophyletic clade situated between the genera Cedecea and Buttiauxella. The two clusters could be genotypically and phenotypically differentiated from each other and from their closest neighbours. As such we propose the description of Dryocola boscaweniae gen. nov. sp. nov. (type strain H6W4T = CCUG 76177T = LMG 32610T) and Dryocola clanedunesis sp. nov. (type strain H11S18T = CCUG 76181T = LMG 32611T).

A New Outlier Detection Algorithm Based on Fast Density Peak Clustering Outlier Factor

Outlier detection is an important field in data mining, which can be used in fraud detection, fault detection, and other fields. This article focuses on the problem where the density peak clustering algorithm needs a manual parameter setting and time complexity is high; the first is to use the k nearest neighbors clustering algorithm to replace the density peak of the density estimate, which adopts the KD-Tree index data structure calculation of data objects k close neighbors. Then it adopts the method of the product of density and distance automatic selection of clustering centers. In addition, the central relative distance and fast density peak clustering outliers were defined to characterize the degree of outliers of data objects. Then, based on fast density peak clustering outliers, an outlier detection algorithm was devised. Experiments on artificial and real data sets are performed to validate the algorithm, and the validity and time efficiency of the proposed algorithm are validated when compared to several conventional and innovative algorithms.

The New Template of India's Foreign Policy in the Multi-polar World

International relations are dynamic and are changing with human knowledge. When conditions change globally, state actors must update their power equations globally. There is no chance to stick with outdated norms and traditions, especially regarding global politics and foreign policy. Now India is in the exact situation. India is a rising International power in terms of economic, military, GDP and international trade. India doesn't want to be a passive actor in global politics. Now India wants to raise her voice for global interests and to play a leadership role in international platforms by promoting its rich and splendid culture and World contributions. The vital interest of India is to take her global interest forward along with her close partners and neighbours. The power formulas and economic strategies keep changing day by day. It is alarming for India to change its global agenda and must go strategically for its autonomy in international relations. This is what India is trying to do and struggling through dynamic foreign policy.

Insights into chloroplast genome structure, intraspecific variation, and phylogeny of Cyclamen species (Myrsinoideae)

Species from the flowering plant genus Cyclamen are popular amongst consumers. In particular Cyclamen persicum Mill. has been significantly used commercially, and certain small flowering species such as Cyclamen hederifolium and Cyclamen coum are gradually growing in popularity in the potted flower market. Here, the chloroplast genomes of nine Cyclamen samples including four Cyclamen species and five varieties of C. hederifolium were sequenced for genome structure comparison, White green septal striped leaves related gene screening and DNA molecular markers were developed for phylogenetic analysis. In comparing Cyclamen species’ chloroplast genomes, gene content and gene order were found to be highly similar with the length of genomes ranging from 151,626 to 153,058 bp. The chloroplast genome of Cyclamen has 128 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Based on intraspecific variation, seven hotspots, including three genes and four intergenic regions, were identified as variable markers for downstream species delimitation and interspecific relationship analyses. Moreover, a phylogenetic tree constructed with complete chloroplast genomes, revealed that Cyclamen are monophyletic with Lysimachia as the closest neighbor. Phylogenetic analyses of the 14 Cyclamen species with the seven variable regions showed five distinct clades within this genus. The highly supported topologies showed these seven regions may be used as candidate DNA barcode sequences to distinguish Cyclamen species. White green septal striped leaves is common in C. hederifolium, however the molecular mechanism of this has not yet been described. Here, we find that the intergenic region rps4-trnT-UGU seems related to white green septal striped leaves.

Immigrant Security in a Culturally Different Environment. The Polish Experience after the Arab Spring

Since the decolonisation of Africa - especially after 1960 - more and more people have been arriving from the African continent to Europe for settlement purposes. In 2017, the countries of the European Union there were already 9.1 million African nationals living in the European Union. Of this group, 5 million people came from North Africa (most from Morocco) and the rest from Africa south of the Sahara. Poland is one of the countries in the European Union that has received many migrants from different parts of the world. Figures indicate that 2.1 million foreigners, mostly from Africa and Asia, will live in Poland in 2020. The possibility of frequent contact with immigrants has increased. Meeting a person of African origin in their place of residence is now declared by 39% of respondents, while in 2015 it was only 13%. The attitude of Poles towards immigrants from Africa has also changed in recent years. Poles have become accustomed to the everyday presence of foreigners, as indicated by a clear increase in their level of acceptance in their immediate environment. An African as a close neighbour is now accepted by 84% of Poles (up from 61%) and as their son or daughter-in-law by 58% (up from 34%). There is also a growing concern for keeping immigrants safe, especially when it comes to situations where their life or health may be at risk. However, difficulties arise due to differences in culture, religion, customs and the lack of a common language. The paper will discuss and clarify these problems.

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese Folk Culture

China and Japan are close neighbors who belong to the same East Asian Chinese character culture system, and have many similarities in language and folk culture. This thesis takes folk culture as a research perspective, and compares the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese cultures in terms of food culture and taboo culture respectively. Firstly, the article explains the definition scope and classification criteria of folk culture; secondly, the two points of food culture and taboo culture are selected for comparison from material folklore and spiritual folklore. Food culture focuses on table manners, cooking standards and eating habits, and analyzes the reasons for the formation of food culture from three aspects: economic development, geographical environment and social culture. Finally, the scope of taboo culture is large, so this paper selects two representative differences in numerical taboos and color taboos for discussion, showing the preference of Chinese and Japanese folklore. Finally, a short summary of the significance of folk culture for cross-cultural communication is presented.

The Russia-Ukraine Relation (1992-2022): An Appraisal

Russia and Ukraine emerged as independent countries after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Russia and Ukraine are close neighbours. Geographically Russia and Ukraine are situated in East Europe. But the Russia-Ukraine relation is critical for security and stability of the entire world. From the very beginning the Russia-Ukraine relation is not amicable. Firstly, the Russia-Ukraine relation is full of tensions. Secondly, Russia and Ukraine pose opposite views regarding the Russia-Ukraine relation. Thirdly, NATO and Western countries have complicated interests in the Russia-Ukraine relation. So, peaceful co-existence of Russia and Ukraine is difficult. But stability and mutual tolerance in the Russia Ukraine relation are required for the greater interest of the world community.

Childhood Sexual Abuse is the Root Cause for Panic Attack

Childhood sexual abuse is not rare anymore. People don’t talk about it often, but it is there. Specifying any gender would be wrong, but almost 96% of children are sexually abused in the entire world. Most of them are abused by their own relatives or close neighbours. Sometimes even by their own parents and siblings

STUDIES OF SCHOLARS OF FOLKLORISTS ON THE VIEWS ON KOREAN PROVERBS IN KOREAN LINGUISTICS

Proverb is an international genre by its nature. There is no nation in the world that does not have its own proverbs. Because every nation leaves its life experiences to generations in the form of proverbs. That is why there are many proverbs that are close to each other in terms of content and form in the oral works of different peoples. Because there are many similarities and commonalities in the life and history of every nation. In particular, the products of oral creativity of peoples living close to each other are similar. For example, the lifestyle of the Uzbek and Korean peoples, which have been formed for many years because they are close neighbors, their similar aspects are reflected in the products of the people's oral creativity. In this article, you can see the origin of Korean folk proverbs, the opinions and views of scientists about proverbs. The place of proverbs in Korean linguistics, the history of the creation of Korean folk proverbs is presented step by step

Relations between Russia and the DPRK in 2023

2023 witnessed a marked surge in contacts between Russia and the DPRK. Active mutual visits were the main event and the main surprise. In summer Russian defense minister Sergey Shoigu visited Pyongyang, in September North Korean leader Kim Jong-un came to Vladivostok to meet President Vladimir Putin, and in October Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov went to the DPRK. After the COVID-induced break, the two countries’ representatives met face to face to seek ways to develop bilateral relations in a new political reality. Moscow and Pyongyang are concerned about the US — South Korea — Japan trilateral alliance emerging in North East Asia. Besides, practical cooperation should reach a level worthy of neighbors who have converging foreign policy views. Also, the two parties are discussing how to organize their political cooperation in the future. Now, in a changed world, Russia promises to block all new sanctions against the DPRK in the UN Security Council, but it does not mean Moscow will neglect its duties as a permanent member or ignore sanctions that are already in effect. The quest for available profitable cooperation formats may prove arduous, and possible options might include projects in the areas of logistics, tourism, etc. Still, it is highly unlikely that Russia receives or seeks arms supplies from the DPRK, like the West claims. As the global confrontation intensifies, North Korea keeps close to traditionally like-minded actors, but Pyongyang may yet diversify their diplomatic options should the opportunity present itself. In the meantime, Russia should use this chance to flesh out our relations with the close neighbor.

Неолит и ранний бронзовый век Предбайкалья: хронология и пищевые тренды

Analyses of radiocarbon dates (all corrected for the freshwater reservoir effect) and associated stable isotope values obtained from the skeletal remains of ~560 individuals provide many new insights about Middle Holocene hunter-gatherers (HG) of the Cis-Baikal region, Eastern Siberia. The new radiocarbon evidence clarifies the culture history of the region by defining better the boundaries between the chronological (archaeological periods) and cultural (mortuary traditions) units, as well as our understanding of the transitions between them. Furthermore, differences between the four archaeological micro-regions with regard to the timing and duration of these culture historical units have come into focus for the first time. In terms of dietary patterns, the Early Neolithic foragers of the Angara and Southwest Baikal trended towards a greater reliance on aquatic foods. A similar trend was found in the Late Neolithic Isakovo group on the Angara, while the Late Neolithic Serovo group in the Little Sea trended towards an increased dietary reliance on terrestrial game. In the Early Bronze Age HG, a mosaic of dietary patterns was found: some groups experienced dietary shifts (frequently emphasizing different foods), while other groups displayed stability. Such differences were found even between close neighbours. All these results suggest significant variation in patterns of culture change within and between archaeological periods, mortuary traditions, and micro-regions. Some cultural patterns developed at a quick pace, others much more slowly; some appear to have collapsed rapidly, while others probably went through a more gradual transition to a different pattern. Additionally, this large set of radiocarbon dates allows novel insights into patterns of cemetery use: some seem to have been used continuously, others only sporadically, and some show long periods of disuse. Moreover, some cemeteries of the same mortuary tradition were apparently in use substantially earlier than others were even established. In sum, Cis-Baikal Middle Holocene HG strategies underwent a range of changes not only at the boundaries between relevant culture historical units but also within such units. New insights suggest considerable spatio-temporal variation in the nature, pace, and timing of these developments.

ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ДИПЛОМАТИЧНОЇ МІСІЇ УНР У ЛАТВІЇ У 1920–1921 РОКІВ

Background. Ukraine and Latvia are not close neighbours and do not share a border, but despite their geographical distance, the two countries have much in common. We have strong and mutually beneficial political, military, economic and cultural ties. Today's friendly relations between our countries have a deep historical foundation, laid more than a hundred years ago, when, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Ukraine and Latvia embarked on the path of independent development. The activities of the Diplomatic Mission of the Ukrainian People's Republic, which operated in Riga in 1920-1921, were of great importance for the establishment of Ukrainian-Latvian relations. Unfortunately, historiography lacks special works on this issue, so this article relies on a wide source base - previously unknown documents of the Diplomatic Mission and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the UPR, which are now stored in the Central State Archive of the Supreme Authorities of Ukraine in Kyiv. They reveal the peculiarities of the activities of the UPR Diplomatic Mission in Latvia in 1920-1921. The choice of sources determined the thematic focus of the article, which reflects the Ukrainian view of the work of the diplomatic mission in Riga. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is based on the basic ideas of the epistemology of the historical process and the principle of historicism, which together allowed it to investigate the process of formation and activity of the Ukrainian diplomatic mission in Latvia in the relevant historical context of the 20s of the twentieth century. Results. During the short period of its activity, the Diplomatic Mission of the Ukrainian People's Republic managed to achieve impressive success in extremely difficult conditions. Its main achievements were the diplomatic recognition of Ukraine's independence by Latvia and the full participation of the Ukrainian delegation in the Fourth Conference of the Baltic States, held in the suburbs of Riga in August-September 1920. Conclusions. However, the defeat of the Ukrainian troops at the front in late November 1920 crossed out the positive expectations and actually put an end to the great geopolitical project.

Cunning Distortions: Folk Christianity and Witchcraft Allegations in Early Mormon History

Cunning Distortions: Folk Christianity and Witchcraft Allegations in Early Mormon History

IntRinsic: An R Package for Model-Based Estimation of the Intrinsic Dimension of a Dataset

This article illustrates intRinsic, an R package that implements novel state-of-the-art likelihood-based estimators of the intrinsic dimension of a dataset, an essential quantity for most dimensionality reduction techniques. In order to make these novel estimators easily accessible, the package contains a small number of high-level functions that rely on a broader set of efficient, low-level routines. Generally speaking, intRinsic encompasses models that fall into two categories: homogeneous and heterogeneous intrinsic dimension estimators. The first category contains the two nearest neighbors estimator, a method derived from the distributional properties of the ratios of the distances between each data point and its first two closest neighbors. The functions dedicated to this method carry out inference under both the frequentist and Bayesian frameworks. In the second category, we find the heterogeneous intrinsic dimension algorithm, a Bayesian mixture model for which an efficient Gibbs sampler is implemented. After presenting the theoretical background, we demonstrate the performance of the models on simulated datasets. This way, we can facilitate the exposition by immediately assessing the validity of the results. Then, we employ the package to study the intrinsic dimension of the Alon dataset, obtained from a famous microarray experiment. Finally, we show how the estimation of homogeneous and heterogeneous intrinsic dimensions allows us to gain valuable insights into the topological structure of a dataset.

Моделювання змінення цін на стандартні номери в польських готелях

The world market of hotel services is constantly changing, has a dynamic structure, develops in interaction with other markets of goods and services, is influenced by the market environment. Therefore, modern hotels have to adapt to a new type of tourists with rather high requirements for accommodation conditions. In Europe, there is a tendency to stay in 1* and 2* hotels. The study covers data from such Polish cities as Wroclaw, Poznan, Gdansk. And they are the spatial series, on the basis of which regression mathematical models are built for evaluating the trends of changes in the level of prices for the corresponding hotel rooms. The series are spatial because the data are collected at a specific moment in time, but from different objects located geographically at different points. The built models are not representative, but they provide an opportunity to assess the trends of price growth or decline and the possibility of entering into crisis economic manifestations. The work is devoted to the analysis of trends in hotel room price changes and the evaluation of these changes using the construction of regression economic-mathematical models of space and time series. The relevance and significance of the study lies in the analysis and assessment of price trends for standard hotel rooms in the popular segment of 1* and 2* hotels in Poland. This country is Ukraine's closest neighbor, therefore the study of economic trends in the development of its hotel industry is relevant not only for trends in Europe, but also for the future of the hotel segment of our country. The trends in the development of the hotel industry in Europe and in Poland in particular are analyzed. Extensive statistical material has been collected, which is up-to-date, because the figures are taken from booking sites as of November 2022. Most often, the analysis of economic trends in the development of the hotel industry is based on expert assessments or statistical data from travel agencies. The conducted analysis is based on approaches to mathematical modeling and the use of mathematical and statistical tools of the Microsoft Excel software. The conducted analysis showed the presence of a mathematically defined tendency towards a moderate increase in prices for «STANDARD» hotel rooms. The price function for these hotel rooms is increasing and crosses the growth limit which is the corresponding exponential function built on the base of the same spatial number series.

A Survey on Sign Language Recognition and Training Module

Communication among the deaf and non-verbal communities has long reliedon sign language recognition. From all researchers around from early electric signal-based sign language identification to more recent recognition using machine/deep learning techniques, the globe has tried to automate this process. The main objective of this research is Recognition of sign language based on key point detection (SLR).American Sign Language (ASL), primarily ASL pickle data, is the subject of this work. The model was trained using a variety of machine learning algorithms, including randomforest, support vector machine, and k closest neighbor. Lastly, utilizing evaluation criteria such as f1score, precision, and recall, the best model is chosen from the model testing. A straightforward GUI is created to collect user input, and the best machine learning model makes the forecast. Also, a Training tool is created for the purpose of learning the American sign language which will create a major difference for non-verbalcommunities

Features of the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The relevance of this study is related to the need to identify and assess the unique characteristics of the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to provide a thorough analysis of the foreign policy activities of the Republic of Kazakhstan over the entire period of the country’s independence. The main approach to the study of this problem is the historical and systematic method of research, system analysis, comparison method, logical analysis, methods of synthesis and deduction, induction method, and classification method. The paper presents the findings of the conducted study: it describes the geographical prerequisites for the international relations formed by Kazakhstan with a view to creating the logistics links necessary for the national economy. The study proved the importance of the Central Asian region for global energy security and described the country’s role in the “New Great Game”, conducted a detailed analysis of the latest Concept of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan presented by K.-J. Tokayev. The study demonstrated Kazakhstan’s deep economic ties with China and Russia and identified the factors of Kazakhstan’s dependence on the two regional hegemons. The key events in the country’s foreign policy activities over the entire period of its independence were presented in a tabular form. The significance of this study is that it sheds light on the current state of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy as a leading state in the Central Asian region, which in the future allows predicting trends in the development of new alliances by Kazakhstan and its closest neighbours

Problems related to statelessness as a consequence of the war in Ukraine from the Polish perspective

One of the problems that has become particularly important for Europe in the face of the ongoing war in Ukraine is the problem of statelessness. It concerns not only the imperfections of applicable legal regulations and their interpretation but above all the practice of their application. It is also visible in Poland, a country that, as one of Ukraine's closest neighbors, was strongly affected by the war, among other things, through the influx of people fleeing the war. This Polish perspective has become a point of interest for considerations on problems related to statelessness. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the connection between the ongoing war in Ukraine and the increased risk of statelessness in Poland. Moreover, an indication of the complexity of the topic, which concerns not only the universal problem of creating and avoiding statelessness but also the situation of individual people affected by statelessness. Stateless persons are deprived of the opportunity to enjoy the full catalog of human rights. The author comes to the belief that work related to Poland's ratification of two global instruments on statelessness (the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness) should be accelerated. It is also necessary to create an internal, comprehensive legal regulation relating to stateless persons, which would ensure their protection. The idea is to create mechanisms to facilitate their acquisition of citizenship as well as to create preventive mechanisms to prevent the problem of statelessness. The basic research methods used were the historical method to describe the beginnings of interest in the problem of statelessness, the dogmatic-legal method to describe the phenomenon of statelessness, and the analysis of applicable legal regulations and other source texts to describe the effects and consequences of statelessness.

Моделювання змінення цін на стандартні номери в польських готелях (Краків)

The tendencies in the development of the hotel industry in Europe and in Poland in particular are analyzed. Extensive and relevant statistical material was taken from booking sites as of November 2022. Most often, the analysis of economic tendencies in the development of the hotel industry is based on expert assessments or statistical data from travel agencies. The conducted analysis is based on mathematical modeling and the use of Microsoft Excel mathematical and statistical tools. The world market of hotel services is constantly changing, has a dynamic structure, develops in interaction with other markets of goods and services, is influenced by the market environment. Therefore, modern hotels have to adapt to a new type of tourists with rather high requirements for accommodation conditions. In Europe, there is a tendency to stay in 1* and 2* hotels. The study covers data from the Polish city of Krakow. These data represent the spatial series, on the basis of which regression mathematical models are built for evaluating the tendencies of changes in the level of prices for the corresponding hotel rooms. The series are spatial because the data are collected at a specific point in time, but from different objects located geographically at different points. The built models are not representative, but they provide an opportunity to assess the tendencies of price growth or decline and the possibility of entering into crisis economic occurrences. The work is devoted to the analysis of tendencies of changes in hotel room prices and the evaluation of these changes using the construction of regression economic-mathematical models of space and time series. The relevance and significance of the study lies in the analysis and assessment of price tendencies for standard hotel rooms in the popular segment of 1* and 2* hotels in Poland. This country is Ukraine’s closest neighbor, therefore the study of economic trends in the development of its hotel industry is relevant not only for tendencies in Europe, but also for the future of the hotel segment of our country. The conducted analysis showed the presence of a mathematically defined tendency towards a moderate increase in prices for «standard» hotel rooms. The price function for these hotel rooms is an increasing one, but it does not cross the growth limit of the corresponding exponential function built on the same spatial number series. But such a tendency should not lead to any crisis occurrences in the hotel sector of Poland