Close Family Research Articles

Navigating intercultural misunderstandings: An examination of emotion brokering.

Communication difficulties are inevitable when individuals interact with members of a different culture. The experience of such communication barriers may be particularly salient for those from immigrant families who need to navigate multiple cultures. Youth from immigrant families are known to serve as cultural brokers to help their families navigate communication with those in the host culture. Most brokering research has examined language brokering (i.e., interpreting language for others). An unstudied brokering process and the focus of the present research is emotion brokering: the interpretation of emotion norms for others. In this investigation, we examined the occurrence of emotion brokering for close family members in a sample of Latinx college students. We conducted an exploratory survey to identify situations where participants perceived intercultural emotion-based misunderstandings and reported emotion brokering (Study 1). We then employed a more focused survey to further understand the contexts in which individuals brokered emotions (Study 2). Results revealed that many participants encountered intercultural emotion-based misunderstandings and experienced brokering emotions (Studies 1 and 2). Furthermore, the findings illustrated the typical contexts and emotions involved in the emotion brokering experience. The findings provide insight into a distinct form of cultural brokering. In addition, findings illustrate how cultural variation in emotion impacts daily social interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Prenatal Exposure to Severe Stress and the Risk of Heart Failure Up to Middle-Age

BackgroundPrenatal stress is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but its association with heart failure (HF) is unknown. ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether prenatal stress, defined as maternal bereavement, was associated with HF risk up to middle-age. MethodsThis cohort study included 6,758,560 live singleton births from the Danish (1973-2016) and the Swedish (1973-2014) Medical Birth Registers. The authors retrieved information on death of the mothers’ close family members (partner, older children, parents, and siblings) and offspring’s HF (up to 2016 in Denmark and 2020 in Sweden) from nationwide registers. They estimated HRs and 95% CIs for HF in the offspring according to maternal bereavement. ResultsDuring up to 48 years of follow-up, 4,812 offspring (0.07%) had a diagnosis of HF. Maternal loss of any close family member was not associated with HF in the offspring (adjusted HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.88-1.23). However, the most severe forms of bereavement, ie, death of a partner or an older child (adjusted HR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.06-2.04) and unnatural death of a relative (adjusted HR: 2.77; 95% CI: 1.49-5.17), were associated with increased risks of HF. Congenital heart disease and preterm birth contributed substantially to the association of maternal loss of a partner or older child with HF risk in the offspring. ConclusionsMaternal loss of a partner or older child and loss of a close relative caused by unnatural causes the year before or during pregnancy were associated with increased risk of HF in offspring.

Proactive Care-Seeking Strategies Among Adults Aging Solo With Early Dementia: A Qualitative Study.

People living with dementia need increasing care over time, but 1 in 3 adults with cognitive impairment lives alone. The goal of this study was to explore the self-identified strengths and resources for future care needs of adults aging solo with early dementia. Semistructured interviews with 15 adults not living with a partner and with no children in the same state, who self-identified as having early dementia or mild cognitive impairment; hybrid inductive/deductive reflexive thematic analysis using a successful aging framework. Participants placed a high value on maintaining independence and expressed concerns about preserving selfhood and becoming a burden to others. These values influenced how participants appraised financial and social resources available to address future care needs and strategies to preempt or respond to needs such as transportation, help with finances, or activities of daily living. Adults without close family are heterogeneous and have variable resources available to address care needs associated with dementia progression. Common values of retaining independence and minimizing burden to others may be helpful in motivating adults aging solo to undertake planning and help-seeking early.

Knowledge and lifestyle practices associated with non-communicable diseases risk factors among undergraduate students, Thiruvananthapuram, India: a mixed method study

Background: Behaviors established in youth especially in college, have lifelong implications on themselves and their close family members. We intended to assess the knowledge of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factors and associated lifestyle practices among undergraduate students. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional concurrent mixed method study among undergraduate students (n=486) aged 18-21 years, Kerala, India. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. In-depth interviews of five students were conducted from each college. Physical measurements including height and weight of the students were measured and reported to the participants. Data was collected from January to March 2019. Results: Forty-four percent (n=200) participants’ fathers were laborers or semi-skilled workers. Only 42.8% (n=208) of students had body mass index (BMI) within normal range. Nearly three fifth of students (58%, n=282) had poor knowledge of NCDs and proportion of students with knowledge of balanced breakfast was 11% (n=53). Regarding lifestyle practices, daily fruit intake was low (10%, n=45) and participants consuming vegetables daily was less than 40% (n=191). Lack of infrastructure supporting physical activities and healthy food choices at home and outside are some reasons mentioned by participants for sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy dietary practices. Parental involvement played an important role in practicing healthy dietary practices and performing physical activity for leisure. Conclusions: The knowledge and practices of undergraduate students regarding primary prevention of NCDs was poor. Community level action with involvement of parents will be helpful in the primary prevention of NCDs.

Family in Medieval Society: A Bioarchaeological Perspective

One of the periods with the greatest social, cultural, and religious changes was, without a doubt, the European medieval period. The concept of “Family” was one of the fields that gradually evolved, from individuals who shared the same biological lineage, to members of the same “House”. One of the ways to study the concept of “Family” in ancient periods is through a bioarchaeological perspective, where both anthropology and genetics have proven to be essential disciplines for studying “Families”. Through burial rituals, observing whether the graves were single or multiple, as is carried out in the study of human remains, we discuss the profound contribution of anthropology to the “Family” investigation, through mobility studies, the investigation of biological sex, observing certain congenital anomalies or, even, the study of certain ancient infectious diseases. Concerning genetics, the study of bones or teeth allows us to determine whether individuals were from the same close family or if they belonged to the same lineage through the maternal and paternal sides, being one of the only scientific ways of proposing social relationships between individuals, such as that created through adoption.

Psychological impact and development of autistic traits in children during the COVID 19 Pandemic: A study through Guardian

The COVID 19 pandemic has significantly affected people's lives worldwide. Although children may not experience severe physical symptoms of the disease, their psychological well-being can be greatly affected. The primary objective of this study was to examine the psychological impact of COVID-19 on children residing in the Kashmir valley in terms of evolution of autistic traits in them. Cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 300 family members of children aged between 4 to 16-years. Data was collected through an online questionnaire using Google Forms and purposive sampling technique was used to assess autism. The sample for the study consisted of children in the 4 year to 16-year age group. A self-designed validated questionnaire in Google Form was used to collect the information. Chidhood Autism Rating Scale-2 (CARS-2) was used in those with excessive mobile phone usage. The results of the study revealed that only 3% of the children were infected with COVID-19. 7% of the sample reported that a close family member of a child was infected. Furthermore, 76% of the sample reported that they discussed COVID-19 with their children. In terms of behavioral changes, 54% of the sample noticed a change in their child's behaviour during the COVID pandemic. Additionally, 51% reported a change in their children's learning patterns, and 48% reported that their child had become possessive about new things since the pandemic. Furthermore, 35% of the sample reported a change in their child's sleeping cycle, 22.7% reported a loss of appetite, and 56% reported that their child imagined and talked about COVID-19 with others. It was also found that 80.3% of the sample had adhered to COVID-19 precautions. Only 4.3% reported negative thoughts expressed by their children since the pandemic, while 88% reported that their children were ready to discuss in future COVID-19. In the 4 to 6 year age group, out of 12 children with excessive mobile phone use, it was found that two were having symptoms consistent with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Other common symptoms noticed in this age group were found to be clapping, single verbal sounds, inability to express needs, moderate abnormal listening response, echolalia and video dialoguing. Most families reported that their children were possessive about new things and most of them were not sitting at one place for a long time. A large percentage of families reported that they found changes in the sleep pattern and duration of sleep was more than 9 hours. It was also found that screen time during COVID-19 increased among school-going children.

Cultural engagement and prevalence of pain in socially isolated older people: a longitudinal modified treatment policy approach

It remains uncertain whether cultural engagement positively influences the reduction of pain risk, particularly depending on the social isolation status. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of cultural engagement on the reduction of pain prevalence over a 6-year follow-up period among older people, particularly those experiencing different dimensions of social isolation. This study was a prospective longitudinal study. We analysed the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort, consisting of 6468 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years old who provided data in waves 6 (2012-2013), 7 (2014-2015), 8 (2016-2017), and 9 (2018-2019). Self-reported cultural engagement (going to museums, art galleries, exhibitions, the theatre, concerts, or the opera) measured in waves 6-8 was used as the exposure variable. Meanwhile self-reported moderate-to-severe pain in wave 9 was used as the outcome variable. Social isolation was considered in waves 6-8, and the possibility of effect modification was captured by assessing each component of the social isolation index: not married or cohabiting with a partner, fewer than monthly contact with children/other immediate family/friends, and not engaging in any organisations, religious groups, or committees. The estimated pain prevalence was 29.2% (95% confidence interval, 28.1-30.3; reference) after adjusting for time-variant, time-invariant, and loss to follow-up factors. Cultural engagement led to a reduction in pain prevalence to 24.1% for all individuals, representing a decrease of 5.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.6-9.6; P-value, 0.03). In older people who were not married or cohabiting, cultural engagement resulted in a decrease in pain prevalence to 25.8%, a reduction of 3.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.4-6.4; P-value, 0.01). For those with less frequent contact with close family members, the pain prevalence decreased to 25.3%, a reduction of 3.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.2-7.6; P-value, 0.03). Meanwhile, other dimensions of social isolation did not show a significant reduction in pain prevalence. Cultural engagement may help to reduce the risk of pain in socially isolated older adults. Those who were single or living alone and had less frequent contact with immediate family were particularly vulnerable. While cultural engagement might help certain socially isolated older people feel better, its effectiveness varies, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Number (22K17648, Ikeda).

Black adolescents' disclosure and advice‐seeking: Making choices between parents and adult relatives

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined Black adolescents' decision‐making processes around disclosure and advice‐seeking with their primary caregivers and nonparental adult relatives.BackgroundFew studies have examined youths' decision‐making in the support process or how multiple dyadic youth–adult familial relationships concurrently function to support youths' needs. Consideration of multiple dyadic relationships facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of how Black adolescents use familial resources to meet their support needs.MethodInterview data from 24 youth, their primary caregivers, and one nonparental adult relative with whom youth reported having a strong relational bond (n = 72 individuals) were analyzed to investigate who youth were deciding to confide in and what information youth were choosing to share with these adults.ResultsBlack adolescents often disclosed and sought advice from their primary caregivers either exclusively or in conjunction with nonparental adult relatives across most domains of disclosure and advice‐seeking. Family issues was one topic that youth would almost exclusively discuss with their nonparental adult relatives.ConclusionFindings suggest that youths' decision to confide may be topic dependent rather than based on a general disposition among youth for whom they share most of their concerns.ImplicationsUnderstanding youths' disclosure and advice‐seeking across multiple close family relationships may inform interventions aimed to promote Black adolescents' support seeking.

Investigative genetic genealogy for human remains identification.

Investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) has emerged as a highly effective tool for tying a forensic DNA sample to an identity. While much of the attention paid to IGG has focused on cases where the DNA is from an unknown suspect, IGG has also been used to help close hundreds of unidentified human remains (UHR) cases. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data can be obtained from forensic samples using microarray genotyping or whole-genome sequencing (WGS) with protocols optimized for degraded DNA. After bioinformatic processing, the SNP data can be uploaded to public GG databases that allow law enforcement usage, where it can be compared with other users' data to find distant relatives. A genetic genealogist can then build the family trees of the relatives to narrow down the identity of the source of the forensic DNA sample. To date, 367 UHR identifications using IGG have been publicly announced. The same IGG techniques developed and refined for UHR cases have significant potential for disaster victim identification, where DNA is often extremely compromised, and close family references may not be available. This paper reviews the laboratory, bioinformatic, and genealogical techniques used in IGG for UHR cases and presents three case studies that demonstrate how IGG is assisting with remains identification.

Disentangling the reasons why older adults do not readily participate in cancer trials: a socio-epidemiological mixed methods approach.

Few studies of the under-representation of older adults in cancer clinical trials (CTs) have encompassed the entire pathway from a trial being available in a cancer centre to the patient's invitation to participate and then agreement or refusal to participate. The study's primary objective was to evaluate CT non-invitation and refusal rates. The secondary objectives were to identify factors associated with non-invitation and refusal and to assess experiences of CT participation from the patients' and professionals' perspectives. Here, we used mixed methods and a socio-epidemiological approach to analyse reasons for the non-participation of eligible older patients with a solid cancer in cancer CTs in France. We found that non-invitation and low CT participation are mainly related to the patients' sociodemographic characteristics and living conditions (such as social isolation, being single, divorced or widowed, not having children and the absence of close family members) and the healthcare professionals' perceptions of insufficient informal support or a high homecare requirement. Our results suggest that efforts to increase fair inclusion and the participation of older adults in CTs should target the physician-patient relationship, the medical profession and hospital funding, rather than the patient alone.

Prevalence and factors associated with mental illness symptoms among school students post lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates: A cross-sectional national study.

Limited data exists on the mental health of children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to fill this gap by examining the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and risk for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among school students in post-lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 3,745 school students participated, responding to standardized tests (Mood and Feeling Questionnaire-Child Self-Report, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders-Child Version, and Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-8). Findings showed that the risk for PTSD was the most prevalent (40.6%), followed by symptoms of anxiety (23.3%), and depression (17.1%). For gender differences, symptoms of the three conditions (depression, anxiety, and PTSD) were higher in female students (9.2%) compared to male peers (7.7%) (p = 0.09). Moreover, symptoms of depression and anxiety were found to be higher among late adolescents (p<0.05). Further analysis revealed that having medical problems was a positive predictor for anxiety (OR = 2.0, p<0.01) and risk for PTSD (OR = 1.3, p = 0.002); similarly, witnessing the death of a close family member due to COVID-19 (OR for depression, anxiety, and PTSD = 1.7, p<0.01) were positive predictors associated with PTDS, depression, and anxiety. The study concluded that post COVID-19 lockdown, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and risk for PTSD were found to be prevalent among school students in the UAE. Researchers put forward recommendations on the initiation of a national school mental health screening program, the provision of follow-up services for vulnerable students, and the integration of a mental health support system in the disaster preparedness plans.

COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of prolonged lockdown on adolescents and young adults

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the impact of the prolonged lockdown, due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, on the daily life, education, mental and family health, and general well-being of adolescents and young adults in India. Materials and Methods: A total of 210 participants aged 12–21 years formed the study sample. After approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, a cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-designed validated online questionnaire. Consent/assent was taken and confidentiality was assured. The questionnaire consisted of 33 questions. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, expressed as frequency and percentages, and converted to charts and graphs. Results: Most (88%) of the respondents understood the severity of the pandemic. The majority (85%) of educational institutions conducted online classes; however, classroom lectures were preferred over online lectures by 171 (81.4%) students. Thirty-seven (36.7%) students had been affected by the cancellation of entrance exams. Eagerness to return to school/college was found amongst 135 (64.2%) participants. Lockdown restrictions led to 56% of activities being screen-based, leading to headaches and eye strain in 167 (79.5%) students. Participants were bored, irritated, and anxious, but 56.2% of them remained positive by developing new hobbies, reading, or spending time with family. Sixty-nine (32.8%) respondents or their close family members suffered from mild COVID symptoms; however, it was a major strain on their mental health. Conclusion: Overall, the pandemic and prolonged lockdown had a mixed impact on 82 (39%), a negative impact on 65 (31%), and a positive impact on 63(30%) of adolescents and young adults.

Through the Eyes of a Young Carer: A Photo Elicitation Study of Protective Resilience.

Caregiving is recognised as a source of stress with potential for negative health impacts as well as positive outcomes and development of resilience. For young carers, children, and adolescents providing care for close family members, adaptation through resilience is crucial, yet work using a resilience approach is limited. This study explored protective factors and pathways to resilience in a sample of young carers, through application of the socioecological model in caring relationships. An in-depth qualitative approach was used, with in-person interviews facilitated by auto-driven photo elicitation. Deductive thematic analysis was applied, framed by three levels (individual, community, and society) of the socioecological model of resilience. Twelve participants (nine girls and three boys) aged 5-18years, each providing care to a family member, were recruited using opportunity and volunteer sampling via carers' centres in the southwest of England. Ten key themes were identified, four at the individual level: pre-empting challenges and planning, cognitive strategies, emotional strategies, and seeking solitude; three at the community level: family support, friendships, and pets and inanimate objects; and three at the society level: professional support, access to caregiver activities and community, and being outdoors. The location of themes at each level indicated relevance of the socioecological model to identification of protective factors in a young carer population. These findings have important applications for guidance to charities and organisations supporting young carers. Identification of factors that promote resilience offers support for the development of well-informed interventions, which harness these protective factors to develop resilience and improve health for young carers.

Death anxiety and materialism during the pandemic: investigating the role of personal experiences of COVID-19

ABSTRACT Given that personal experiences related to coronavirus (such as being infected or having a close friend or family member diagnosed with it) may induce greater fear of death, and based on terror management theory, we hypothesised that personal experiences of COVID-19 would be associated with increased materialism. Furthermore, the relationship between personal experiences of COVID-19 and materialism was expected to be mediated by generalised anxiety. Two quasi-experimental studies were conducted: Study 1 (N = 1,138) during the first wave of infections in Poland and Study 2 (N = 285) during the second wave. Study 1 showed that individuals with close friends or family members who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 (n = 43) had higher levels of materialism (mainly in the dimension of centrality), and this relationship was mediated by the level of generalised anxiety. Study 2 showed that average levels of materialism decreased during the pandemic, but not among respondents who had suffered from coronavirus infection (n = 32) – levels of materialism increased in this group, especially in the dimension of centrality. Our studies are the first to show how personal real-life experiences related to COVID-19 can translate into levels of materialism in individuals.

Reactualization of Islamic Parenting in Reducing Moral Decadence

From a long time ago, Indonesia seemed to be full of criminal and immoral cases. Outbreaks of crime seem more rampant than the Covid-19 virus itself. The Indonesian people constantly get news that hurts moral values. The proof, based on a report by Komnas Perempuan in 2021, stated that as many as 2500 acts of violence befell women. Even until the end of this year, immoral acts continued to emerge. On December 2, 2021, we were shocked by the news that a girl committed suicide (NW) because her partner did not want to be responsible for her pregnancy. Then, five days ago, on December 6, 2021, we were again shocked by the news of sexual violence where, a mother who had just given birth was raped by 4 people in front of her children, even the perpetrator killed the victim's newborn child. However, what is even sadder than immorality is when someone commits munkar under the pretext of being consensual. For example, the phenomenon of FWB (Friend with Benefit) where a person is free to have sex as long as there is no coercion even though there is no marriage bond. FWB is usually done by young people. If this phenomenon continues, it can lead to the destruction of the next generation. This phenomenon usually occurs due to the influence of the social environment and even the closest family through efforts to strengthen Islamic values for children. Therefore, Islamic Parenting needs to be re-actualized in order to reduce moral decadence.

“We are in the Battlefield”: "Bereaved Mothers and Widows: Navigating Multigenerational Conflicts.

Although the loss of a close family member affects the family relationship, most studies have focused on the coping of individuals with the loss and only a minority have examined the family system and the mutual influence of family members on their adjustment to loss. Less is known about the intergenerational relations in the context of loss. The aim of this article is to discusses conflicts in the relationships between Israeli widows and bereaved mothers after the death of their husband and son. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with two groups of participants: ten bereaved mothers and ten widows (from different bereaved families) whose sons or spouses died while serving in the Israeli military, the police, or the security forces. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The following conflictual issues were identified: (1) Fighting over the memory of the deceased; (2) Tensions around the relationship with the children/grandchildren; and (3) Offensive communication patterns. Discussion: These conflicts are discussed in the Israeli context. The grieving rituals and the honor bestowed upon soldiers and other members of the security forces and their families have paradoxically served to silence the issue. At the same time, the findings and the literature suggest an urgent need for professional intervention to help the families avoid disconnection, aggression and even violence in those vulnerable relationships and maintain them after the loss.

Experiences of alcohol use during pregnancy: A qualitative study of pregnant women at risk of acquiring HIV in Cape Town, South Africa

In South Africa, alcohol use during pregnancy is prevalent and associated with increased HIV risk. Developing locally sensitive and contextually appropriate evidence-based interventions to address alcohol use among pregnant and breastfeeding women in South Africa requires comprehensive understanding of the context of perinatal alcohol use and how relationships and lived environments may serve as barriers or supports for alcohol reduction. We conducted twenty in-depth qualitative interviews with isiXhosa speaking women who reported alcohol use during their recent pregnancy and/or recent intimate partner violence in Cape Town, South Africa between September and November 2022. We describe patterns and drivers of ongoing alcohol use during pregnancy and map them onto levels of the socioecological model. Data were analyzed utilizing the interpretivist paradigm and interpretive thematic analysis. Eight women reported alcohol use during pregnancy, sixteen reported experiencing recent IPV, and four women reported both alcohol use during pregnancy and recent IPV. In interviews, commonly cited reasons for continued alcohol use in pregnancy included stress (e.g., due to financial concerns), peer pressure, the central role of alcohol use in socialization and the persistence of misconceptions regarding the safety of alcohol use in pregnancy. Still, despite women reporting social norms that supported continued alcohol use in pregnancy, many altered who they drank with due to fear of judgement from close friends and family, leaving them isolated from their social support system. Interventions aimed at increasing interpersonal support, such as the use of peer mentors, could prove beneficial. Although the clinic provides messaging around the harms of alcohol use in pregnancy, these messages conflict with messaging received from their peers, limiting their impact on behavior. Locally sensitive tailored, relevant programming that intervenes on barriers to reducing alcohol use in pregnancy at multiple levels of the socioeconomic model are vital to effectively addressing this public health issue.

The Concept of Family Hadis Madrasah In Yaman With The Form Of Sanadisation Of Musalsal Bi Al-Yamaniyin Hadiths

Musalsal hadith is one model of hadith transmission from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to narrators from generation to generation, even today. In this study, the authors found a unique concept of sanadization, namely the Sanadization of the Hadith Musalsal bi Al-Yamaniyin, or the form of sanad, which is the custom of a family in Yemen. Therefore, this study aims to trace the examples of sanadization that the researcher mentioned earlier. In this study, the authors used a qualitative research method with a type of library research, with a regional hadith study approach. This research found that the people of Yemen strictly guard against Islamic knowledge, especially in the transmission of hadiths, so there is a habit of transmitting hadiths by information from close family members. In this study, the authors took a sample from the traditions they carried out with sufficient sanadization to maintain an intellectual level among their families.

Facing a new life-The healthy transition to motherhood: What individual and environmental factors are needed? A phenomenological-hermeneutic study

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to highlight first-time mothers’ experiences of the transition to motherhood uncovering personal and environmental conditions facilitating or preventing the process of a healthy transition in a Swedish context. DesignA qualitative study with interview data analyzed using a phenomenological hermeneutic method. Setting and participantsTen recent first-time mothers were selected from three primary healthcare centers in western Sweden. FindingsFour themes emerged, and the transition could be divided into several phases, interpreted as facing a new life, while feeling unprepared for identity and existential issues. The experience of becoming a mother was described as oscillation between a loss of former identity from previous life, and on the other hand, the joy and expectations of forming a new family. The mothers had high demands of themselves, often influenced by social media and needed to value the flow of information and `let go of control` to be able to make adequate decisions. The close family of origin was invaluable in this process being able to provide confirmation in the new role, facilitating the development of their own security and self-confidence. Key conclusionsThe vulnerability expressed by new mothers shows that support from the family of origin, partners and professionals are indispensable. The desired result after the transition to motherhood is a prosperous, maturity and confident mother. The main promoting factor in this process seems to be having a safe base that can provide required support. Implications for practiceThe level of wellbeing after the transition is crucial and the possibility of a warm, responsive and secure parenting needs to be strengthened. The challenge to preventive health care will be to identify a lack of support and ensure that these mothers gain sufficient support to meet today´s demands and still feel that they are good enough mothers for their children.

The Role of Social Capital on the Resilient Capacity of Cooperatives

This paper is an exploratory study that aims to identify, describe and compare the level of social capital on two types of cooperatives that have existed for a long time. The factors are determined by examining the structure of the organization and the member's social capital. Furthermore, 120 respondents were interviewed using the survey questionnaire to determine the members' socio-demographic characteristics and ascertain the members' level of social capital. A concurrent mixed method was used in the gathering and analysis of data. This study found that the member-respondents of the cooperatives have shown a high level of social capital in three dimensions: trust, norms and reciprocity; networks and collective actions; and Information and empowerment. However, the result on the T-test shows a significant difference between cooperatives in two dimensions, namely; 1) trust, norms and reciprocity and 2) networks and collective actions. An examination of the profile of the organizations and their members revealed that the member's ethnicity, religiosity, close family ties and neighbourliness may have contributed to a significant difference in these dimensions.Furthermore, the factors mentioned were found to impact how the cooperatives respond, cope and mitigate threats, crises and disasters. Furthermore, between cooperatives a better social capital is associated with better resiliency. This study recommends a more robust network affiliation with cooperatives in Bukidnon and other cooperatives in the locale. It also recommends that the cooperatives to conduct routine risk assessments and create innovative ways to sustain the members' social capital.