Closed Root System Research Articles

Рекультивация нарушенных земель

Представленные в статье экологические подходы позволяют восстановить экосистемный потенциал техногенных ландшафтов и нарушенных земель, решить проблемы по созданию в регионах, где происходит снижение экологических функций лесов, приемлемой санитарногигиенической обстановки. Although Earth has lost at least 35 of its preagricultural forest cover over the past three centuries, forests are still widely distributed, covering a total of 40 million km2 (25) of Earths terrestrial surface. Of the remaining forests, as much as 82 is now degraded to some extent as a result of direct human actions such as industrial logging, urbanization, agriculture and infrastructure. Anthropogenic degradation of forest biogeocenoses of the planet causes economic activity, which is expressed in physical changes in forests and leads to a decrease in their ecological functions. This may be the fragmentation of forests, clearcutting, excessive seizure of resources of individual species (both tree species and hunting objects) and changes in fire and flood regimes. Currently, on the territory of the Russian Federation, where forests used to grow in previous centuries, several million hectares of land were disturbed during the development of mineral deposits, lying of linear objects, carrying out logging, reclamation, exploration, storage of industrial and household waste, and more. The accumulation of industrial waste is due to the extraction and production of minerals, and inevitably causes the alienation of producing lands, during which there is a dangerous environmental pollution and accumulation of environmental damage. It has been experimentally proven that acceptable as artificial soil factors for accelerated biological culture and biophysical research are a mixture of various natural factors that are rich in organic matter, in which there are strong hygroscopic, weak and weak substances that cause strong hygroscopicity and disease. and phosphogypsum, phosphorus and sulfur. For reclamation, we use aspen, red oak and pine. For experimental and mental work in the laboratory, seedlings with a closed root system of the following species are grown: red oak 400, aspen 400, and pine trees 400. Differences and differences in manmade soil using dump trucks and bulldozers, as well as planting trees and shrubs by hand. When developing reclamation technologies, the authors of this article patented several ways to improve soil fertility, and the ecological reclamation project was recognized as important for the tasks of environmental safety and modernization of the country, and was awarded the highest award of the Governor of the Moscow Region in the area of Resource Saving and Introduction of Environmental Technologies. And we can confidently state that the afforestation associated with the restoration of degraded sites allows: reduce the cost of acquiring materials for the creation of artificial soil reduce the negative impact of landfill sites and mine openings on the environment dispose of household sewage sludge at the district wastewater treatment plant improve landscape landscaping. The Institute has developed a set of technological techniques that allow efficient use of forest objects, organic waste production and consumption, such as wood and agricultural waste, plant residues, rainfall sewage, etc. Other environmental challenges have arisen, including at the international level: adaptation of forests and forestry to climate change, reduction of forest biological diversity in the areas of their development, use of modern achievements of genetics. AllRussian Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry conducts research in these areas, which will make it possible to develop sound solutions that will ensure ecological balance and sustainable development of forest ecosystems.

Особенности деформирования структуры формованных изделий из целлюлозных волокон

Molded pulp products in comparison with products made of traditional raw materials are resource saving and environmentally friendly. Nowadays, they are increasingly used as alternative primary package and auxiliary packaging materials instead of polymer materials. Waste paper fibers as well as cellulose fibers obtained from wood and annual plants are the raw materials for the manufacturing of such products. As another potential fiber source for molded products we consider fibers of coarse screening waste (screening) formed during the sulphate hardwood or softwood pulp production. These rejected materials are large-tonnage (up to 0.5 – 1.0 % of the gross weight after pulping). Such wastes can be disposed of in multi-fuel boilers with getting heat and electrical energy and then redirected to pulping, refined with afterward return to the main stock flow or used in the composition of different types of cardboard. However, they are mainly stored in industrial waste landfills of enterprises. Cells for growing and planting of forest crop seedlings with the closed root system can be considered as one of the simplest and most popular types of molded articles made of screening. These cells do not have special requirements for the quality of molding. However, in order to use molded articles efficiently for reforestation purposes, it is necessary to study the strength and deformation properties of the structure of molded articles made of various raw materials. Model laboratory samples of molded cells made of coarse screening waste fibers refined from 16 to 20 Shopper-Riegler grinding degrees were studied. The basic physicomechanical characteristics of the material of products with 400 g weight of 1 m2 under stretching, compression and bending, as well as the characteristics during compression of the molded products are determined. A linear dependence between deformation and strength characteristics of the molded articles and the similar characteristics of their wall’s material is detected. Acknowledgements: The equipment of the Engineering and Innovation Center “Advanced Northern Bioresources Processing Technologies” (Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov) created with the financial support of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science was used. For citation: Potashev A.V., Gur’ev A.V., Filippov I.B., Moseev V.G. Structure Deformation Features of Molded Pulp Products. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 2, pp. 119–129. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.2.119

Tools for supporting forest business that ensure efficient forest management and restoration of forest resources in low-forest regions

The article is devoted to the improvement of the economic organization of the processes of reproduction of forest resources in the conditions of low-forest regions. It was established that the forestry of low-forest regions is subject to significant risks due to the presence of a number of natural and climatic specific features, which creates the need to develop areas for supporting the development of forest business that determine the effective operation of economic entities. A financial mechanism for supporting the forestry business of forest reproduction in low-forest regions has been developed, its architecture has been substantiated, calculations have been made to justify the amount of financial support allocated to forestry business for the reproduction of forests using seedlings of forest species grown with a closed root system. It is established that the proposed mechanism of financial support of forest business in the processes of forest reproduction will not only improve the efficiency of reforestation and preserve the ecological potential of forests, but also improve the conditions for the development of forest business in low-forest regions.

Особенности лесовосстановления на вырубках и гарях в Сомовском лесничестве Воронежской области

Reforestation provides conservation of biological diversity and beneficial functions of forests. Every year more and more significant share in forest landscapes is taken by artificial plants. On the basis of the technical specification, types of work on reproduction of forests in the forest plots of Somovskoe forestry for the year of 2016 are represented. Categories of silvicultural areas are represented by felling of 2011-2015 years and dry burned areas of 2010. Type of wood – herbal pine with oak, type of forest growing conditions – fresh soubor. Based on "Reforestation Project" detailed features of plantations creation at clearings and burned areas are given. For greater productivity of plantations and resistance to fire and pine fungus plantations were created by intermingled mixture of 10 rows of Scots pine with 10 rows of European white birch. Data of technical acceptance of plantations are given. To prevent overgrowing of the surface of the soil with weedy herbaceous and shrub vegetation, promote moisture accumulation in the soil, cares for woodlands within 5 years are planned. Ploughing of plot with mineralized strips is implemented as fire prevention measures. Addition of forest cultures was made in spring at the area of 2.3 hectares by oak with closed root system, as well as in autumn at the area of 24.9 hectares by pine with closed root system and birch. Preparation of soils under forest cultures for the next year was made at the area of 72.0 hectares. Agrotechnical tending for forest cultures is made on the area of 250 ha. Combined reforestation and assistance to natural regeneration have not been conducted. Recommendations on timely recovery of economically valuable forests in the felling and burnt areas are given.

Optimization of some elements of cultivation technology of ornamentals in the north-eastern part of forest-steppe of Ukraine

Aim of the experiment was to study factors influencing on effectiveness of the root formation in cuttings of ornamental plants (Buxus sempervirens L., Thuja occidentalis L.).Methods. The experiment was conducted in a nursery at the Sumy National Agrarian University, Ukraine in 2013–2015. The types and mixtures of rooting media and rooting hormones were used, and terms of plant cutting under mist were analyzed.Results. It has been found that the best substrate for rooting cuttings of these species was a mixture of peat DOMOFLOR (pH 6.0) and sand in the ratio 1:1. It has been revealed that its acidity and the optimum time for plant cutting are important components of cultivation technology of plant propagation material. B. sempervirens is proved to be successfully propagated from April to August, and cuttings T. occidentalis – in April. There has been grounded the appropriateness of Rhizopon AA powder for rooting stem cuttings T. occidentalis.Conclusion. The best media for rooting cuttings of ornamental species with the closed root system included peat, sand and humus in the ratio of 1:1:0.5. It set up the effect of using the rooting hormone (Rhizopon AA poeder); propagation of shrub ornamentals: B. sempervirens is more expediently from April to August by stem cuttings, T. occidentalis - in April

MORPHOLOGICAL AND FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION AND STOCKS OF OAK FOREST LITTER IN THE FOREST FUND OF SMILA STATE FORESTRY ENTERPRISE

Litter is formed from precipitation and significantly impact plant nutrition in the forest environment and, therefore has a dominant influence of the forest on soil. The research has found that the formation and further conversion of forest litter depends on rainfall, its composition, time and environmental conditions rain where it falls. The number and composition of the forest floor depends on the type of tree, such as environmental structures, site conditions, shelter and aboveground of forest fauna. Crucial to the accumulation of litter artificial forest stands in the rich soil under steppes of type stand, and power supply and laying of plantations increases with age, but become small absolute values. We have also defined that the mass of forest litter in pure stands of oak in all fractions (leaves, branches, fruits and bark) and decomposed organic matter litter in three variants reforestation 2008 do not differ significantly, but the highest rates inherent to spaces that are established seedlings with closed root system. It is also revealed that in pure and mixed cultures between their oak leaf composition and weight, there is a direct correlation oak grows in mixed stands better than clean, which generates less by weight of the forest floor. Litter of clean oak plantings created three options reforestation, characterized by varying degrees of power – the highest values inherent bedding oak plantations established seedlings with closed root system. The authors have found that having two layers of oak forest litter in areas of reforestation because in oak stands provided a sufficient level of humidification on the verge of soil formed a second layer of half-decayed litter. Thus, we should conclude that in forest stands in areas involving container reforestation planting material oak compared to areas where renovation was achieved by seeding and planting seedlings acorns on traditional technology, organic matter decomposition of forest litter is more intense, correlating it with common stocks.

Improvement of methods for receiving high quality grape saplings by in vitro method

The most important link of nursery garden is the production of the certified cuttings and saplings from super intensive mother plantation. The perspective trend in nursery gardening is growing saplings with closed root system [a container crop] on the artificial substratum and soil substitutes. It allows planting of green cuttings (grafts) and test-tube plants into open ground in any season. Taking into account of these circumstances there is necessity of improvement methods and adaptation ways of test-tube plants of grape to non-sterile conditions came into being.

Влияние сортировки семян хвойных пород на посевные качества

The result of studies of the influence of seeds sorting of softwood species on their crop quality showed that each size fraction of heavy and average mass meet the requirements i.e. the energy of their germination and sprouting. They should also be used for sowing both in growing large-sized seedlings without prescrivere, and in the production of seeding with closed root sys-tem. It was also found that the light seeds of all size fractions have lower energy of sprouting and lower ground germination capacity that do not meet quality requirements and are not condi-tioned. These seeds are not good for sowing.

Значение выращивания посадочного материала с закрытой корневой системой в лесоразведении и лесовосстановлении

The article presents the results of literature research and the introduction of innovative ways of growing of wood species seedlings in closed root system in the forest breeding and seed production center in the Saby forestry of the Republic of Tatarstan. A high survival rate of seedlings, grown in closed root system, was determined in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan in reforestation and protective plants creation, compared with seedlings, grown in opened root system in the forest nurseries.

Особенности выращивания сеянцев дуба черешчатого с закрытой корневой системой в Воронежском лесном селекционно-семеноводческом центре

Особенности выращивания сеянцев дуба черешчатого с закрытой корневой системой в Воронежском лесном селекционно-семеноводческом центре

Анализ роста сеянцев дуба черешчатого с открытой и закрытой корневой системой в условиях республики Марий Эл

Анализ роста сеянцев дуба черешчатого с открытой и закрытой корневой системой в условиях республики Марий Эл

Сеянцы с закрытой корневой системой: лесохозяйственные и биофизические аспекты

Сеянцы с закрытой корневой системой: лесохозяйственные и биофизические аспекты

Особенности выращивания сеянцев сосны обыкновенной с закрытой корневой системой в Воронежском лесном селекционно-семеноводческом центре

Особенности выращивания сеянцев сосны обыкновенной с закрытой корневой системой в Воронежском лесном селекционно-семеноводческом центре

Germination and biometric parameters of seedlings grown on solid pulp and paper waste medium

Germination and biometric parameters (number and length of needles, root length, trunk height, root neck diameter, and fractional seedling mass) of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) seedlings with a closed root system are evaluated. The seedlings are grown on a mix of peat with growing media prepared of pulp and paper mill waste (PPW) conversed by worms (Eisenia foctida) using chlorine-free pulp bleaching technology. The growing media includes active sludge; mixes of soil, bark, and woodchip product slivers ground together in a crusher; and coniferous sawdust. The share of (PPW) media is 20, 50 and 100 vol %. The experimental results have shown that in most cases the parameters of pine and spruce seedlings grown on these media in small volumes (20%) reach the parameters of the control samples represented by the seedlings grown on fertilized peat. When a growing medium is used in small amounts, the aboveground/subterraneous ratio of the seedlings is also similar to the control values. The more the growing medium is applied, the lower the parameters of the seedlings are in comparison with the control figures. This is probably caused by the offset of the nitrogen status of the growing media to nitrate nitrogen, which is not typical of natural forest soils.

Особенности разработки и лесовосстановления горельников в лесостепной зоне

Fire-fighting and carrying out reforestation on the burnt forests is a complex problem for the forest sector. Current guidelines of technology for the development of burnt forests do not fully meet modern requirements, so the solution of this problem is of scientific and practical interest for the forest industry professionals. Features of the application of the most common means of mechanization for harvesting, as well as labor costs are at their operation are marked as the result of analysis of method of harvesting stands in areas with both commodity and non-commodity timber. It is noted that the greatest interest for sparsely areas is way to eliminate burnt forests by chainsaw felling and skidding of stems to the loading warehouse using chokerless skid devices in the unit with wheel tractors. This technology eliminates the clearing of cutting areas from forest residues and performs branches cutting and stems butchering for assortments in one place. Conducted approbation of low-operation harvesting technology of stands on the roll with a chainsaw "Husqvarna" and skidding trees with chokerkess skid equipment for thinning the forest ОРУ-2 unit with МТЗ-80/82, confirmed its benefits and made it possible to establish the basic performance characteristics. Test plot of pine seedlings is laid, using open and closed root system and indicators of their survival and growth are identified. Planting of yearling pine seedlings with closed root system on non-treated belts led to their death. Assessing the impact of mycorrhiza in making it into the soil on plant growth and survival, has confirmed the feasibility of its use in creating pine plantations on sandy soils.

Особенности роста сеянцев дуба черешчатого с закрытой корневой системой, выращенных из желудей с плюсовых деревьев

Особенности роста сеянцев дуба черешчатого с закрытой корневой системой, выращенных из желудей с плюсовых деревьев

Показатели роста сеянцев дуба черешчатого с закрытой корневой системой в лабораторных условиях

Показатели роста сеянцев дуба черешчатого с закрытой корневой системой в лабораторных условиях

Сравнительная оценка приживаемости сеянцев сосны обыкновенной выращенных с открытой и закрытой корневой системой высаженных в приовражных защитных насаждениях близ села Сардаусь муниципального района Кукморский Республики Татарстан

This article is devoted to the problem of protective plantings seedlings growing and creating, grown with closed root system, both in the world and in Russia. The paper gives a comprehensive comparative evaluation of the pine seedlings survival, grown with closed root system compared with seedlings, grown with open root system in protective gullies and ravines plantations, which were established in the spring of 2012. Research has shown that in the same natural climatic and soil conditions the best survival was kept by pine seedlings, grown with closed root system from Sabinskiy selection center compared with open root system (seedlings from the nursery). Pine seedlings with open root system were exposed to stress in the first year of planting, which was characterized by the emergence of more frequent and of short needles on the trunks and branches – “goose neck”. 

Влияние технических характеристик пластиковых кассет на рост сеянцев сосны обыкновенной с закрытой корневой системой

Влияние технических характеристик пластиковых кассет на рост сеянцев сосны обыкновенной с закрытой корневой системой

CREATING OF TWO-STAGE FOREST PLANTATIONS IN GREEN CITIES (on example of Astana city)

Object of study is forest plantations started in the green area of the capital of Kazakhstan. For the first time in the conditions of Astana city conducted experiments to lay artificial plants species introduced planting material with closed root system. It is revealed that the dark-chestnut soils planting material with closed root system survives better than open root system.