Closed Production Cycle Research Articles

Механізм державного регулювання космічної галузі України

The effective functioning of any sector of the economy is the result of the balanced mechanism of government regulation. However today, the space industry of Ukraine is in a recession phase. This situation is a consequence of the inefficient government policy concerning the distribution of budget expenditures, the lack of adaptive management mechanisms to the market economy, and the government's distrust to this sector through the corruption component. The purpose of the article is to analyze the formation and disclosure of the practical basis of the mechanism of government regulation of the space industry of Ukraine. The objectives of sustainable development were highlighted for the achievement of which space technologies are used. The basics of the legislative regulation of the development of the space industry in the developed countries of the world and in Ukraine were investigated. The analysis of the funding volumes of the National Targeted Scientific and Technical Space Program of Ukraine during 2013-2017 has been carried out. It was revealed that the government's unawareness of the importance of developing high-tech enterprises leads to ineffective government regulation of the space industry. The mechanism of cooperation between the state and private enterprises does not have a development strategy that affects the competitiveness of Ukrainian space technologies at the world level. The basic principles and indicators of the effective functioning of the space industry were defined. The conceptual foundations of the mechanism of government regulation of Ukraine's space activities were substantiated. It was determined that government regulation should be directed at creating a closed production cycle based on specialized enterprises without interfering in the process of the political component, this will ensure effective activity in market conditions. Such result can be achieved by creating a state corporation (concern), which should combine enterprises and institutions of the defense and space industry.

Ecological analysis of sustainable agrarian development in climate change

Introduction. Ecological factors play an important role in the concept of sustainable development. This role is enhanced in the context of climate change in general and taking into account the sectoral attributes of these changes, in particular. Agriculture and the agricultural sector in general are directly related to the use and impact of natural resources. The purpose of the study is to outline the elements of sustainable agricultural development on the basis of environmental analysis, which is updated in the context of global climate change. Results. The ecological components of agricultural development of Ukraine are considered. The main factors of global climate change, including agriculture, which accounts for one third of carbon dioxide emissions, are identified. Based on the method of a comparative analysis, a two-way relationship is established between the impact of agriculture on climate change, on the one hand, and the reverse impact of environmental change on agriculture, on the other hand. Balancing these mutual impacts, potential losses and strategic capabilities is appropriate on the base of the sustainable development concept, taking into account its goals (2016-2030). The need to take into account different views determines the feasibility of developing and implementing a set of measures within the framework of “nationally defined participation”. It is important to outline the prospects for the development of Ukrainian agriculture on the principles of greening, to which we include: institutional self-regulation (independent decision-making) of agricultural entities; reconsideration of agricultural product range and bringing new varieties of plants. Horizontal integration of farms and vertical integration in the agricultural sector within the framework of closed production cycles are also on this list. New perspectives for rural development and agricultural producers are emerging in the context of decentralization and enhancement of the role of integrated territorial communities. It is crucial to create institutional conditions to encourage producers to comply with the requirements of minimizing polluting effects on the environment. Sectoral institutions (professional and interprofessional associations in the agro-food sector) should be effective tools in delegating some of the authorities to regulate the activities of agricultural market entities.

Effect of thyme extract on fertility and survival of ISA F-15 broilers

The paper highlights the research conducted in order to assess the effect of different doses of thyme extract on the productive properties and livability of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted at a broiler poultry farm with a closed production cycle; the experiment assumed the control group and 5 experimental groups where each group contained 37 broilers at floor housing. The broilers of the 1st experimental group were fed with the extract of medicinal plant thyme dosed 2 mg/kg; broilers of the 2nd group received thyme extract dosed 4 mg/kg; 3rd group of broilers – 6 mg/kg, 4th group -8 mg/kg, and the dosage of the thyme extract was 10 mg/kg for broilers in the 5th experimental group. The authors controlled the live weight of broilers in each group by means of individual weighing every 7 days. Using this data the researchers calculated average daily body weight gain, absolute and relative gain; feed consumption was daily calculated. Feed consumption became the basis for calculating feed costs per a kilo of live weight gain. The authors recorded the number of daily fallen chickens. The data on poultry loss was the basis for calculating poultry livability. In order to assess production efficiency, the European productivity index was calculated. The research results indicate the efficiency of thyme extract application in different doses when feeding the broiler. Application of thyme extract in feeding meat poultry allowed to increase productive properties of broilers from experimental groups from 2.3 to 4.7%, reduce feed costs per a kilo by 1.1-8.1%, increase poultry livability on 2.7-8.1% and increase the European productivity index in the experimental groups on 0.2 21.3%.

TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING OYSTER MUSHROOMS IN A CLOSED PRODUCTION CYCLE

The article presents the results of research in the field of the application of new organizational and technological systems in mushroom growing, in particular, for the cultivation of the widespread mushroom culture such as oyster mushrooms, which takes the second place (about 1.5 million tons) in the world pro-duction of fruit bodies of cultivated mushrooms after champignon (2.8 million tons). The possibility of using closed technological processes for growing vegetable and fungus cul-tures in protected soil with the purpose of reusing organic substrates for oyster culture is consifered. In the closed production cycles the use of earlier utilized coconut material brought its actual initial cost to zero, minimizing cost for buying raw materials, initial materials, and expenses for their transportation. It was shown that the substratum that was distinguished by pro-ductivity had the following structure: coconut material after the first year of use (1 year) + hemp hurds + wheat bran (20%:75%:5%), and with yield of 3.2 kg from 10 kg of a substrate (32%). By our calculations the level of productivity of mushrooms not less than 20% of the mass of a substratum (200 kg/t), which was in accordance with technological cultivation norms for fruit bodies was economically effective. In this case profitability was 33%. Stable production profitability has been achieved by the level of productivity of an oyster mushroom to 30-35% from the substratum mass, with profitability, 95-127% respectively.

Eco-city or “steady city” as the way of improvement of living conditions for urban population

The article is devoted to the creation and development of eco-cities, also known as "steady cities". Experience of creation of the eco-cities in the countries of the world is analyzed during the research. Classification of the eco-cities is offered. The basic principles of eco-cities functioning are considered; Special attention is paid to the formation of the closed production cycle with the maximum return to technological processes and the use of energy saving technologies. According to the author, creation and development of such settlements will make a great contribution to the solution of environmental problems of modern Europe. Improvement of the environment, quality of living conditions of humans, improvement of the population health and providing a healthy lifestyle are possible within the eco-cities. The author believes, that creation of eco-cities is possible in Russia (some examples of the first projects are given). But the author emphasizes, that in our country this tendency is just being started and besides it has no legislative regulation and state support.

Products of Animal Origin with Vegetable Components

Objectives: The objective of the investigations to develop technologies for producing dairy and meat products using vegetable raw materials for enriching them with physiologically functional ingredients. Methods: The methods of the investigations are represented by standardized and generally accepted research practices and also by special methods applying modern instrumentation and information technologies, including such methods as gas chromatography and microscopic examination. Statistical processing and verification of the results were carried out applying the programs of Microsoft Office 2010 for Windows, Compass Graphic, MathCAD, version 16.0, software MultiChrome Origin 7.5 (Origin Lab, USA), Protein and Generic 2.0 (Russia). Findings: The study develops the processes as follows: Technology for manufacturing fermented milk drink produced of whole milk using kefir inoculums and syrup of dandelion and linden flowers; technology for manufacturing frozen curd uncooked products using low oil raw material expression products; technology for manufacturing fermented milk ice cream made with syrups of briar and sea buckthorn berries and also the technology for producing inoculums based on pure cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus , Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bifidobacteria ; recipes of rolls “Izyskaniy” with mushrooms and “Osobiy” with dried apricots; recipes of thermally treated convenience meat products with added press cakes of low oil raw materials; recipes of low fat sausages. As a result of combining raw materials of animal and vegetable origins the nourishing and biological values of traditional product mix increase. This helps improve digestion and body resistance against negative factors of the environment. Applications/ Improvements: The suggested recipes and technologies make it possible to solve the problems of reprocessing vegetable and animal materials in the complex, feasible and environmentally safe manner in closed production cycle.

РОЛЬ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ В ПІДВИЩЕННІ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ЕКОНОМІК

The article presents theoretical bases concerning the understanding of the essence of country innovative potential, its role in enhancing of the international competitiveness of the national economy; presents results of using of innovative potential in the developing high-tech industry on the example of bilateral cooperation between Ukraine and the Russian Federation in innovative spheres; highlights the most actual problems (political, legal, economic, the establishment of the closed production cycle of high-tech products and technologies it the frames of one state; monopolization of the sale markets and others), which reduce the effectiveness of using of the innovative potential in the increasing of the international competitiveness of the national economy. The author of the article considers the reasons for the low innovative activity of Ukrainian business entities, estimates the result of the comparative characteristic of the main innovation potential indicators of Ukraine and Russia on the basis of data of the WEF and the influencing of these indicators on the international competitiveness of the national economies.

IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS CAUSING NITRIDATION OF CRUDE STEEL IN BOF BEFORE TAPPING

Determination of factors and measuring their impact on the amount of nitrogen in the metal is key attribute when optimizing technological and operational measures tending to minimize, respectively prevent of the final steel nitridization. Knowing the rate of influence of individual factors on the nitrogen content in the metal is crucial in dealing with prediction of the quantity for the production and processing stages of steel production in a closed production cycle. In this paper, factors determining nitrogen content in crude steel before tapping, using Cohen´s distribution table and graphical expression are presented. Influence of after-blows on nitrogen content is well known, but there are other factors which affect steel nitridization before tapping from oxygen converter.

Alternative Fuels: Energetic Use of Liquid By-products from Sugar and Soy Processing

For years now SAACKE GmbH in Bremen has been developing firing and burner systems that enable energetic use of residual substances while minimising emissions with the aim of optimising energy efficiency and creating closed production cycles in industry as far as possible. Here we discussed the energetic use of soy molasses from soy production show how it is possible to save resources and reduce emissions with appropriate firing systems. The SSB-LCL burner developed by SAACKE especially for the utilisation of low calorific liquids as biogenic fuels makes soy molasses or vinasse from sugar cane energetically useful with a very low heating value. The first reference plant with soy molasses is in operation in Brazil since 2007. At a water tube boiler there are two burners installed, each with a capacity of 12 tonnes/h soy molasses which is about 25 MWth for each. Based on this positive results we installed another plant in Serbia in the year 2012 in which we are using the newest development of the SSB-LCL technology: the staged air muffle. With this we lower the NOx-formation significantly, so that the reached values are about 50 % less than before. With the installed capacity of 20 MWth the yearly emissions of CO2 are reduced by about 30,000 tonnes/year compared to the before used natural gas as fuel.

Parametric conditions of defect-free molding of mass produced powder material objects in hydraulic type press equipment

The mechanism of defect formation is considered for powder material objects during molding with hydraulic type press equipment. It is shown that the main moving force of breakage is internal residual stresses, commensurate in magnitude with the strength properties of molded objects. The economic nature of changing the internal stressed state of a system is established taking account of relaxation phenomena in solid dispersed bodies. An analytical method is proposed for determining parametric conditions of defect-free molding of powder material objects as a component of a comprehensive program for controlling manufacture. Prerequisites are created for a closed production cycle for pressed products in automated equipment of the hydraulic type.

Polymer-Lined chemical pumps

Gidrogaz (Hydrogas) is the only enterprise in Russia with a completely closed production cycle, specializing in design and series production of pumping equipment and shut-off devices with polymer lining for chemical works. It has been operating since 1990 making use of advanced experience in making machines for space and electronic engineering as well as of recent achievements in technology and materials science.