Clinical Syndrome Differentiation Research Articles

Theoretical thinking on guiding research and development of new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine

This article proposes that the research and development of new Chinese medicines should be based on the clinical values of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and expounds the multiple clinical values of new Chinese medicines such as therapeutic effects, adjuvant treatment effects, improvement of disease symptoms, improvement of quality of life, prevention of diseases, etc., so as to broaden the clinical indications of new Chinese medicines. It is pointed out that the clinical value of TCM determines the clinical efficacy evaluation method of new Chinese medicines, so as to construct a clinical evaluation system of new Chinese medicines with the characteristics of TCM. It is proposed that the clinical value of new Chinese medicines should be found under the guidance of TCM theo-ry and clinical practice, and the theoretical innovation of TCM should be emphasized. There is no difference in the clinical value of drugs, and the key is to meet the clinical needs of patients. The research and development of new Chinese medicines ignores the theoretical guidance of Chinese medicine, and relying solely on animal experiment data may lead to failure of clinical trials. Different from the individualized treatment of TCM clinical syndrome differentiation, summarizing the core pathogenesis of TCM is the basis for the development of new Chinese medicines. It is necessary to summarize the pathogenesis of the disease under the guidance of TCM theory and encourage the application of modern medical methods to clarify the diagnosis of the disease. In view of the characteristics of new Chinese medicine research and development, it is proposed that the supporting role of human experience should be emphasized, and the technical points of clinical trials of new syndrome-type Chinese medicines should be explained.The use of objective indicators for syndrome evaluation, the selection of appropriate scales, and the formulation of reasonable treatment courses are advocated. During the research and development of new Chinese medicines, it is not only necessary to pay attention to modern medical safety indicators, but also to observe the evolution of TCM syndromes and specific TCM symptoms.

Mechanism of Baihe Decoction in the treatment of coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Network pharmacology is widely used in mechanistic studies of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). The present study aimed to predict the target and signaling pathway of Baihe Decoction in the intervention of coronary heart disease (CHD) based on a network pharmacology approach and molecular docking. The active ingredients of Baihe Decoction were screened by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), and their potential target genes and proteins in CHD were predicted. The targets were screened out using Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and the Genecards database. Venn soft was used to obtain the common targets of drugs and diseases. The compound-target-disease network of Baihe Decoction in CHD was constructed in Cytoscape, and the functional protein interaction network was obtained through the STRING database. ClusterProfiler and Pathview were used to perform Gene Ontology function analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the effective targets of Baihe Decoction in CHD. Finally, we used MOE software for molecular docking of the compounds to their targets. Fifteen active components of Baihe Decoction in CHD were screened, which corresponded to 145 targets in CHD, including 30 targets with strong correlations. The key targets included Jun, Aktl, MAPK1, RELA, IL6, CXCL8, EGFR, MAPK14, ESR1, and FOS, which were found to play important roles in the treatment of CHD. The results of molecular docking further illustrated the roles that the compounds with quercetin and β-sitosterol play in the treatment of CHD through their interference with AKT1 and MAPK1 target proteins. This study has preliminarily revealed the mechanism of Baihe Decoction in the treatment of CHD. The components of TCM may intervene in the processes of CHD occurrence and development by regulating cardiomyocytes and antioxidative stress, and by participating in inflammation and immune response. Moreover, in the clinical syndrome differentiation of TCM, Baihe Decoction can be used as the main drug to treat CHD and angina pectoris due to qi stagnation and blood stasis caused by emotional discomfort.

Study on syndrome differentiation of ancient arthralgia syndrome and drug use rules based on latent structure model

In this study, the ancient doctors' concentrated prescriptions for arthralgia syndrome were collected and Lantern 3.2 software was used to construct and analyze the latent structure model of ancient arthralgia syndrome. A total of 10 syndrome types of ancient arthralgia syndrome were obtained, namely, cold-coagulation meridian syndrome(partial Yang deficiency), cold-dampness obstruction syndrome(cold weight), damp-heat obstruction syndrome, liver and kidney deficiency syndrome, essence deficiency syndrome, phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, spleen and stomach Qi deficiency syndrome, dampness evil accumulation syndrome, arthralgia meridian syndrome, cold-dampness binding lung syndrome, meridian obstruction syndrome, and wind-cold-dampness arthralgia syndrome(both wind-cold and dampness). This syndrome differentiation method further strengthened the thought on eight-class syndrome differentiation, and showed the characteristics of different syndrome differentiation types of the core drugs in the latent structure model, which was mainly reflected in paying attention to removing blood stasis and eliminating phlegm with use of pungent taste products having dispersing effect, emphasizing the effect of nourishing Yin and generating marrow to supplement congenital deficiency, invigorating spleen and replenishing Qi to regulate the spleen and stomach functions, nourishing vital energy and expelling evil. In addition, Python 3.7 software was used to mine the frequent item sets and association rules for the frequently used drugs for ancient arthralgia syndrome. The drug compatibility law is characterized by making good use of blood-nourishing drugs. Blood-activating drugs are often compatible with cold-dispelling drugs, liver and kidney tonifying drugs, and wind-dampness-dispelling drugs, following the compatibility principle of dispelling wind and dispelling cold as well as tonifying liver and kidney. The induction of syndrome differentiation types of ancient arthralgia syndrome and the discussion on the characteristics of drug use and compatibility law provide a new way for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment, with certain reference value for the research and development of new Chinese patent medicines.

Study on drug properties and syndrome-symptom-formula-herb network of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of effort angina pectoris based on data visualization

This article aims to explore drug properties and syndrome-symptom-formula-herb network of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the treatment of effort angina pectoris based on data visualization, and provide useful references for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Literatures about TCM formula for effort angina pectoris from databases of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBM were retrieved from the database-building to August 31, 2019. The name of syndromes, symptoms, formulas, and herbs were standardized, and the corresponding databases were established. Frequency, four properties, five flavors, and meridian were analyzed. Visualized syndrome-symptom-formula-herb network relationships were constructed by bioinformatic analysis. A total of 202 formulas were included, and 218 kinds of TCM were involved. There were 56 herbs with the use frequency of more than 10, involving 78 syndromes and 162 symptoms. TCM formulas in the treatment of effort angina pectoris mainly included herbs with effects in invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis, tonifying deficiency, Qi-regulating, resolving phlegm and relieving cough and asthma, relieving exterior disorder, and heat-clearing. The main properties were warm, cold and mild(accounting for 95%); the main flavors were sweet, bitter and pungent(accounting for 89%); and meridians were mainly spleen, heart, liver, lung, stomach, and kidney(accounting for 89%). Syndrome-symptom-formula-herb network of TCM in the treatment of effort angina pectoris were successfully constructed. The high-frequency syndromes of this disease were Qi deficiency and blood stasis, Qi stagnation and blood stasis, heart blood stasis, and turbid phlegm and blood stasis, and its high-frequency symptoms were chest tightness, chest pain, palpitation, shortness of breath, fatigue, dark purple tongue, spontaneous sweating, and abundant phlegm. High-frequency core formulas of this disease included Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction, Danshen Decoction, Taohong Siwu Decoction, Shengmai Powder, Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Zhigancao Decoction, and their core herbs included Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Trichosanthis Fructus, Allium Macrostemonis Bulbus, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Poria, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum. Drug properties and syndrome-symptom-formula-herb networks of TCM in the treatment of effort angina pectoris can realize data visualization, objectively reflect the clinical syndrome differentiation and rule of medication, and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

CHENG Dan-an's diagnosis and treatment characteristics of acupuncture-moxibustion for facial diseases

Based on the three books of Chinese Acupuncture-Moxibustion Therapeutics (1931), Chinese Acupuncture-Moxibustion Lectures (1940) and Chinese Acupuncture-Moxibustion (1955) written by Mr. CHENG Dan-an, the classification of facial diseases as well as the records and evolution process of Chinese and western disease names are summarized and analyzed to discuss Mr. CHENG Dan-an's understanding of facial diseases in different periods. Through the systematic analysis and comparison in the trilogy of acupuncture and moxibustion, the characteristics of syndrome differentiation and diagnosis-treatment of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for facial diseases by Mr. CHENG Dan-an are summarized, including clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment, which is adjusted with syndrome changes; simplified selection of acupoints, with attention on empirical acupoints; the strength of acupuncture is based on efficacy; acupuncture and moxibustion has specific indication; combination of acupuncture and medication could bring out the best in each other.

Application of Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm in Diagnosis of Chronic Cough and Tongue in Children with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: This paper learns and studies the structure of convolutional neural network in deep learning, automatically extracts feature information, and explores the feasibility of this method in the classification model of chronic cough and tongue in children of traditional Chinese medicine, and assists in further objective analysis of tongue diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine. Chemical. Through the research on the relationship between children's cough tongue and TCM syndrome type, severity of illness, disease course and laboratory examination, it provides objective basis for clinical syndrome differentiation of children with cough. Methods: The tongue images of children with cough and healthy children who met the inclusion criteria were collected and analyzed using DS01-B TCM tongue imager in the absence of interference factors such as diet and scraping. Images of tongue images on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 10th day from the observation date were collected, and the clinical symptoms, signs, TCM syndromes, mycoplasma antibodies, and blood routine results were recorded. The convolutional neural network algorithm is used to process the data level, including data deletion and tongue segmentation. Results: A total of 134 children with cough were collected as cough group and 30 healthy children were used as control group. The severity of the disease, the course of the disease, whether it is infected with cough and mycoplasma are closely related, and have nothing to do with blood routine. Conclusion: This study used DS01-B Chinese medicine tongue image instrument to collect and treat children's cough tongue image. The convolutional neural network algorithm was used to analyze the tongue image, which made the tongue image result more objective and provided an objective basis for clinical syndrome differentiation of children with cough.

Application research on quantitative prediction of TCM syndrome differentiation based on ensemble learning

A quantitative prediction method for TCM syndrome element identification based on ensemble learning is proposed. Four comparative experiments were designed. Firstly, eight mainstream learners were used to perform the regression prediction based on the symptoms and syndrome values using the quantitative data of clinical TCM syndrome differentiation. Secondly, five learners with excellent prediction performance were selected to design three integrated learners including homogeneous static integrated learner, heterogeneous static integrated learner and dynamic one, where the heterogeneous integrator used as the learner weight coefficient to weigh up its significance. By comparing the MAE, MSE and R² of the three ensemble learning methods in the four syndrome differentiation groups, it is found that the regression effect based on heterogeneous ensemble learning is the best (MAE: 0.012, MSE: 4.55E-04, R²: 0.733), and the principal sequential evaluation of syndrome elements gained relatively matching degree, which had proved the feasibility of application on the method proposed in the quantitative prediction of clinical TCM syndromes.

Application research on quantitative prediction of TCM syndrome differentiation based on ensemble learning

A quantitative prediction method for TCM syndrome element identification based on ensemble learning is proposed. Four comparative experiments were designed. Firstly, eight mainstream learners were used to perform the regression prediction based on the symptoms and syndrome values using the quantitative data of clinical TCM syndrome differentiation. Secondly, five learners with excellent prediction performance were selected to design three integrated learners including homogeneous static integrated learner, heterogeneous static integrated learner and dynamic one, where the heterogeneous integrator used as the learner weight coefficient to weigh up its significance. By comparing the MAE, MSE and R² of the three ensemble learning methods in the four syndrome differentiation groups, it is found that the regression effect based on heterogeneous ensemble learning is the best (MAE: 0.012, MSE: 4.55E-04, R²: 0.733), and the principal sequential evaluation of syndrome elements gained relatively matching degree, which had proved the feasibility of application on the method proposed in the quantitative prediction of clinical TCM syndromes.

Comparative analysis of clinical effects according to syndrome differentiation of Qili Qiangxin Capsules on ischemic heart failure: Meta-analysis

Databases including CNKI,Wan Fang,CBM,VIP,PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched to collect qualified researches,and the quality of articles was evaluated according to scales. Meta-analysis including subgroup analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5. 3 software and Meta-regression test was performed by using Stata 12. 0 software. All of these methods were used to systematically evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of Qili Qiangxin Capsules in treatment of ischemic heart failure under two circumstances( with or without syndrome differentiation). A total of 22 randomized controlled trials( RCTs) involving 1 942 patients were included,with generally low quality. RESULTS: of Meta-analysis showed that as compared with the routine Western treatment alone,additional use of Qili Qiangxin Capsules could improve the clinical efficacy( RR = 1. 21,95%CI[1. 16,1. 27],P<0. 000 01) in treatment of ischemic heart failure,with its combined effect of syndrome differentiation group greater than that of non-syndrome differentiation group( P= 0. 03,I~2= 78. 9%),Meta-regression( sig = 0. 9,P = 0. 057); left ventricular ejection fraction( WMD = 7. 28,95% CI[5. 18,9. 38],P<0. 000 01),with combined effect of syndrome differentiation group greater than that of non-syndrome differentiation group( P= 0. 01,I2= 83. 2%),Meta-regression( I~2= 81. 09%,R2= 29. 08%,sig = 0. 47,P = 0. 029); 6-minute walk test( WMD = 33. 20,95%CI[24. 70,41. 70 ],P < 0. 000 01); left ventricular end diastolic diameter( WMD =-4. 61,95% CI[-5. 38,-3. 84 ],P <0. 000 01); left ventricular end diastolic volume( WMD =-34. 43,95%CI[-38. 81,-30. 05],P< 0. 000 01); and left ventricular end systolic volume( WMD =-9. 60,95% CI[-13. 16,-6. 05],P < 0. 000 01). Adverse effects were reported in 11 patients taking Qili Qiangxin Capsules and in 20 patients with routine treatment group,tolerable in both groups. None of the patients had obvious abnormality in liver and kidney function. Qili Qiangxin Capsules were effective and safe in the treatment of ischemic heart failure,which can further improve clinical efficacy as compared with routine treatment alone. Qili Qiangxin Capsules with syndrome differentiation showed more significant effects than those without syndrome differentiation,indicating better efficacy of clinical syndrome differentiation. However,these conclusions still need to be verified with more high-quality and large-sample literature.

Ultrastructure Characteristics of Different Chinese Medicine Syndromes of Helicobacter pylori-Correlated Gastric Diseases.

To explore the ultrastructure characteristics of patients with dampness-heat of Pi (Spleen)-Wei (Stomach) syndrome (DHPW) and Pi-qi deficiency syndrome (PQD), both of which are Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-correlated gastric diseases (HPCG), and implicate a helpful hint for the clinical microcosmic syndrome differentiation. Fourteen gastric mucosa samples from 6 chronic gastritis (CG) and 6 active peptic ulcer (including 8 DHPW, 4 PQD) as well as 2 healthy volunteers were collected and tested for Hp infection. The ultrastructure of gastric mucosa was observed under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Among 14 gastric mucosa samples, 8 of them were Hp positive (6 DHPW and 2 PQD), which were all accordance with the results screened by supermicro-pathological method. Under TEM, the normal gastric mucosa, with tidy microvilli and abundant in mucus granules, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum distributed evenly, and with smooth nucleus membrane. But in those specimens of DHPW with Hp infection, microvilli were presented with burr shape. Especially, those samples from dampness-heat syndrome with predominant heat type (DHSH) patients were more obvious, with microvilli damaged, mitochondria concentrated and distributed in disorder, secretory tubule extended. In dampness-heat syndrome with predominant dampness type (DHSD) patients, mucus granules aggregated obviously, mitochondria swelled and blurred, and rough endoplasmic reticulum crowded. For 2 samples of DHPW without Hp infection, their microvilli were intact, with mitochondria increased and gathered but well-distributed, and secretory tubule extended mildly. In 2 PQD patients with Hp positive, the specimens of microvilli were sparse, and their mucus granules and mitochondria were decreased, with fractured crests and vacuole, secretory tubules extension to nucleus membrane, and rough endoplasmic reticulum extension in a pool-like way, and nucleus condensed. The 2 samples from PQD patients without Hp infection were characterized with intact microvilli, decreased mitochondria, fractured crest and extended rough endoplasmic reticulum in a pool-like way. It's obviously different in ultrastructure of DHPW and PQD patients under TEM, which may give a helpful hint for the microcosmic syndrome differentiation of HPCG.

Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases by traditional Chinese medicine: a commentary.

The present review aimed to summarize the effectiveness and features of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of infectious diseases and to discuss the limitation of the development of TCM. The personalized medicine with TCM exerts a curative effect on viral and bacterial infectious diseases with unique advantages on the improvement of clinical manifestation, pathogen inhibition, and organ recovery during severe and drug-resistant infection. The deficiency of personalized medicine with TCM lies in that the current research design of TCM primarily focuses on the study of the effective components and material basis of Chinese herbs at the cellular, molecular, and genetic level, while ignoring the guidance of the TCM syndrome differentiation theory, which is the core concept of individualized treatment. Personalized medicine with TCM has a broad prospective for infectious diseases due to the specific efficacy and advantages. While the curative effect of individualized treatment with TCM cannot be excluded from the TCM syndrome differentiation theory, the study of personalized medicine with TCM for infectious diseases urgently requires a unified standardization of the clinical syndrome differentiation and the evolution rule of infectious diseases by TCM theory.

Optimization of GERD Therapeutic Regimen Based on ANN and Realization of MATLAB

ABSTRACT Objective To optimize therapeutic regimens for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to simulate and set up an intelligent traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment system. Methods ANNs were employed for machine learning; the clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment determination were simulated through systematic learning of therapeutic regimens for GERD symptoms in the ancient literature; and case simulation was conducted to achieve objective verification. Results The conformity of machinery prescription with the ancient literature exceeded 95%. Conclusion The application of machine learning to TCM intelligent prescription is feasible and worthy of further study.

Acupuncture-moxibustion syndrome differentiation based on differences between jing-jin diseases and zangfu diseases

The clinical syndrome differentiation system of acupuncture-moxibustion was proposed in this paper, which should reflect the core of acupuncture theory and characteristics of treatment, and take syndrome differentiation of meridian as key component. In case of meridian syndrome differentiation guided by syndrome differentiation of eight principles, extra emphasis should be placed on the differences of jing-jin diseases and zangfu diseases. Differentiating location should be key in jing-jin diseases; the acupoints should be selected according to location, and appropriate technique should be applied according to symptoms. Zangfu diseases should based on syndrome differentiation of meridian and assisted by syndrome differentiation of zangfu; the key of zangfu diseases treatment was meridian-based acupoint selection, assisted by location-based acupoint selection; the emphasis should be placed on special acupoints, and reinforcing and reducing technique was selected according to cold-heat and deficiency-excess.

GW27-e0313 Investigation of correlation between Gensini score and TCM syndrome with unstable angina in coronary heart disease

To observe the relationship between the TCM syndrome type and coronary Gensini integral of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) instability angina for objective indicators of clinical syndrome differentiation type and to explore a new way to guide the clinical standard of syndrome

Serum MicroRNA Profiling and Bioinformatics of Patients with Spleen-Deficiency Syndrome.

To investigate serum microRNA (miRNA) profile and bioinformatics of patients with spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS) and explore pathogenesis of SDS patients from miRNA levels, 10 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), within which 5 patients were with SDS and the remaining were with blood stasis syndrome (BSS), and 5 healthy volunteers were recruited. Serum miRNA profiles of SDS patients were identified by quantitative PCR array. Target prediction and functional annotation for miRNAs were performed by miRSystem database. The present study identified 11 candidate serum miRNAs for SDS patients, and their targets were significantly enriched in 18 KEGG pathways and 7 GO molecular functions. Those enriched KEGG pathways included (1) metabolisms of carbohydrate, protein, amino acid, and fatty acid, (2) signaling pathways of insulin, ErbB, chemokine, calcium, and type II diabetes mellitus, (3) invasions of bacterium, Escherichia coli, and Shigella (Shigellosis), and (4) endocytosis and phagocytosis. Those enriched GO molecular functions were mainly involved in transcription regulation and regulation of metabolism. Our findings might elucidate the pathogenesis of SDS patients with disorders of substance metabolism and hypoimmunity from miRNA levels, as well as providing some miRNA biomarkers for clinical syndrome differentiation of SDS.

Facial Diagnosis of Chinese Medical Syndromes of CHB and its Correlation with Liver Function

The paper is to objectively describe the features of facial diagnosis of CHB patients with Chinese medicine facial diagnosis digital detection system, analyze the changes of facial diagnosis parameters and to explore the correlation between facial color, gloss parameters and liver function. The study reflects the Yellow parameter of CHB patients are significantly higher than that of normal group (P&lt;0.05), but the Red parameter and Black parameter of CHB patients are lower (P&lt;0.05).liver function of G and AlT in CHB patients are negatively correlated with facial diagnosis parameters while AST is positively correlated, which indicates facial diagnosis parameters can be used as the basis of Chinese medical syndrome diagnosis of the disease. This study puts forward a new method and idea for clinical syndrome differentiation of CHB.

Acupuncture for facial nucleus paralysis

Case of acupuncture for facial nucleus paralysis was reported. Compared with peripheral facial paralysis, facial nucleus paralysis is more complex with a high-level and high-degree injury, leading to a low cured rate in clinic. This case was cured successfully, which might be related to less bleeding amount from patients' lesion and more complete absorption of blood stasis, as well as accuracy of clinical syndrome differentiation, positioning and appropriateness of treatment method and acupoint selection of acupuncture in the mid to late stage.

Correlation between cognitive functions and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine in vascular cognitive impairment

To investigate the correlation between cognitive function and the Chinese medicine syndrome characteristics of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A total of 774 subjects (age from 41 to 87 years old) from Beijing of China accepted neuropsychological assessments and differentiation of Chinese medicine syndromes. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and clinic dementia rating (CDR) were used to access the global cognitive function; the Hachinski ischemia scale (HIS) and the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were used for differential diagnosis; the ability of daily living (ADL) scale was used to assess the ability of daily living; the clock drawing test was used to access the executive function; the investigation of syndrome manifestations and the syndrome differentiation scale of vascular dementia (SDSVD) were used for diagnosis of syndrome manifestations. According to the diagnostic criteria of vascular cognitive impairment, subjects were subgrouped as normal cognition (NC) group and VCI group, and then the correlation between the cognitive functions and Chinese medicine syndromes was analyzed. The correlation between cognitive scales and Chinese medical syndrome: in the VCI group, the syndrome of phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices showed negative correlation with the scores of MMSE and CDT (r=-0.525, r=-0.321, P=0.000, P=0.001), and the ADL demonstrated positive correlation to the syndrome (r=0.424, P=0.000). The correlation between cognitive function and Chinese medical syndrome: the phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices was closely correlated with the total orientation, time orientation and place orientation (r=-0.451, r=-0.448, r=-0.392, P=0.001, P=0.000, P=0.004); instant word recall and delayed word recall were closely correlated with the syndrome of phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices (r=-0.355, r=-0.225, P=0.000, P=0.021); calculation/attention, language function and executive function had negative correlation to the syndrome of phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices (r=-0.379, r=-0.448, r=-0.321, P=0.000, P=0.000, P=0.013). The scores of orientation, calculation/attention, delayed word recall and language function in the patients with phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices were significantly lower than the patients with non-phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices (P<0.05). The syndrome of phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices is significantly correlated to the scores of MMSE and ADL, indicating that the phlegm turbid blocking upper orifices is related to the cognitive function and ability of daily living in the VCI patients. Treatment of the phlegm is important in the cognitive impairment in VCI patients.

Investigation on quantitative diagnosis of stroke with Qi deficiency and blood stasis

Objective To build diagnostic model of stroke with qi deficiency and blood stasis.Methods Get the disease information by epidemiological investigation. All patients were recurited into training samples and testing samples by random. Diagnostic model was built by statistical method, and tested by training samples and testing samples. Results Three diagnostic models were built. The best model with discriminant function of qi deficiency and blood stasis has been proven to be the Bayes model. Conclusion The diagnostic model built by epidemiological investigation has the advantage of good accuracy. It will improve the accuracy of clinical syndrome differentiation. Key words: Qi deficiency and blood stasis; Quantitative diagnosis

Syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine: summary of a clinical survey in 767 patients with gastric cancer

The present study is a summary of syndrome types of gastric cancer in order of priority based on clinical practical situations, routine clinical syndrome differentiation and a large-sample clinical survey in 767 patients with gastric cancer. Based on the six-type classification of gastric cancer in a previous study, a bedside syndrome differentiation diagnosis was made simultaneously by two attending doctors of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM to avoid possible diagnostic bias. A clinical differentiation survey form designed under the direction of epidemiologists was filled out by patients with gastric cancer in multiple centers, and the results were digitally valued and statistically analyzed. The symptoms and signs in each syndrome type of gastric cancer were ranked in order of priority as follows: distended pain, stringy pulse, eructation, mood-related pain, susceptibility to anger, acid regurgitation, hiccup, fullness sensation or distension after eating just a little, dizziness, thin pulse, abdominal enlargement, obstruction sensation after eating, moving pain, and uneven pulse in disharmony between liver and stomach; dark red tongue with little fur or a smooth surface, burning pain, rapid pulse, associated burning heat in anus, dry mouth, fissured tongue, thin pulse, tidal fever in the afternoon, nausea and vomiting, and night sweating in impairment of yin due to stomach heat; slender tongue fur, obstruction after eating, slow pulse, moderate pulse, rapid and irregular pulse, normal mood, abdominal pain, diarrhea, cold extremities, lower-extremity edema, cold intolerance, pale complexion, dizziness, emaciation, hiccup, silence, nausea, uneven pulse, acid regurgitation, fullness sensation or distension after eating just a little, vomiting, and constipation in deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach; uneven pulse, stabbing pain, tortuous sublingual vein, blue or purplish tongue, fixed pain, tarry stool or dark red stool, vomiting of dark red fluid, pale complexion, dry mouth without desire to drink, stringy pulse, white tongue fur, nausea, thin tongue fur, colic pain, hiccup, dizziness, acid regurgitation, bitter taste in mouth, slow pulse, rapid and irregular pulse, thin pulse, and pain relief by pressing in interior retention of toxin stagnation; slippery pulse, greasy and thick tongue fur, dry mouth without desire to drink, vomiting of bilious fluid, nausea, bitter taste in mouth, fullness sensation or distension after eating just a little, colic pain, and hiccup in stagnation of phlegm-dampness; abdominal pain relief by pressing, map-like tongue, thin pulse, weakness, yellowish complexion, dizziness, spontaneous sweating, fissured tongue, epigastric discomfort, night sweating, emaciation, cold intolerance, constipation, nausea, and dry tongue in deficiency of both qi and blood. The summarized syndrome types of gastric cancer from this study are consistent with the clinical situations and would prove to be more referential for TCM syndrome differentiation diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.