Clinical Practice Guidelines For Diagnosis Research Articles

Early and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Early and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Rectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Rectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Oesophageal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Oesophageal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Primary cutaneous lymphomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Primary cutaneous lymphomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Primary breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Primary breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Early colon cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Early colon cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Multiple myeloma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

These Clinical Practice Guidelines are endorsed by the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology (JSMO) incidence and epidemiology Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for 1% of all cancers and ∼10% of all haematological malignancies. The incidence in Europe is 4.5–6.0/100 000/year with a median age at diagnosis of between 65 and 70 years; the mortality is 4.1/100 000/year. Almost all patients with MM evolve from an asymptomatic pre-malignant stage termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). MGUS progresses to MM at a rate of 1% per year. In some patients, an intermediate asymptomatic but more advanced pre-malignant stage termed smouldering (or indolent) multiple myeloma (SMM) can be recognised. SMM progresses to myeloma at a rate of 10% per year over the first 5 years following diagnosis, 3% per year over the following 5 years and 1.5% per year thereafter [1]. diagnosis Diagnosis of MM should be based on the following tests: [1] -Detection and evaluation of the monoclonal (M-) component by serum and/or urine protein electrophoresis (concentrate of 24 h urine collection); nephelometric quantification of IgG, IgA and IgM immunoglobulins; characterisation of the heavy and light chains by immunofixation; and serum-free light-chain (FLC) measurement; -Evaluation of bone marrow (BM) plasma cell infiltration: BM aspiration and/or biopsies are the standard options to evaluate the number and characteristics. Moreover, the BM sample should be used for cytogenetic/fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies and also has the potential for immunophenotypic and molecular investigations; -Evaluation of lytic bone lesions: a radiological skeletal bone survey, including spine, pelvis, skull, humeri and femurs is necessary. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan may be needed to evaluate symptomatic bony sites, even if the skeletal survey is negative and the patient has symptoms suggesting bone lesions. Moreover, MRI provides greater detail and is recommended whenever spinal cord compression is suspected. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is currently under evaluation but should not be systematically used; -Complete blood cell count, with differential serum creatinine and calcium level.

Prostate cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Prostate cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†.

E. Senkus1, S. Kyriakides2, F. Penault-Llorca3,4, P. Poortmans5, A. Thompson6, S. Zackrisson7 & F. Cardoso8,9, on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group* Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Europa Donna Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Pathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand; EA 4677 Universite d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institute Verbeeten, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden; European School of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Breast Cancer Unit, Champalimaud Centre Center, Lisbon, Portugal

New Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis & Staging of Esophageal Cancer from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons

New Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis & Staging of Esophageal Cancer from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with mantle cell lymphoma. Recommendations from the GEL/TAMO Spanish Cooperative Group

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is considered a distinct type of B-cell lymphoma genetically characterized by the t(11;14) translocation and cyclin D1 overexpression. There is also a small subset of tumors negative for cyclin D1 expression that are morphologically and immunophenotypically indistinguishable from conventional MCL. Although in the last decades, the median overall survival of patients with MCL has improved significantly, it is still considered as one of the poorest prognoses diseases among B-cell lymphomas. Election of treatment for patients with MCL is complex due to the scarcity of solid evidence. Current available data shows that conventional chemotherapy does not yield satisfactory results as in other types of B-cell lymphomas. However, the role of other approaches such as autologous or allogenic stem cell transplantation, immunotherapy, the administration of consolidation or maintenance schedules, or the use of targeted therapies still lack clear indications. In view of this situation, the Spanish Group of Lymphomas/Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation has conducted a series of reviews on different aspects of MCL, namely its diagnosis, prognosis, first-line and salvage treatment (both in young and elderly patients), new targeted therapies, and detection of minimal residual disease. On the basis of the available evidence, a series of recommendations have been issued with the intention of providing guidance to clinicians on the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients with MCL.

Mechanistic Insights into Self-Reinforcing Processes Driving Abnormal Histogenesis During the Development of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, one of the most feared lethal and painful diseases, is increasing in incidence. The poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-affected patients primarily is owing to our inability to develop effective therapies. Mechanistic studies of genetic, epigenetic, and cell-to-cell signaling events are providing clues to molecular pathways that can be targeted in an attempt to cure this disease. The current review article seeks to draw inferences from available mechanistic knowledge to build a theoretical framework that can facilitate these approaches. This conceptual model considers pancreatic cancer as a tissue disease rather than an isolated epithelial cell problem, which develops and progresses in large part as a result of three positive feedback loops: i) genetic and epigenetic changes in epithelial cells modulate their interaction with mesenchymal cells to generate a dynamically changing process of abnormal histogenesis, which drives more changes; ii) the faulty tissue architecture of neoplastic lesions results in unsynchronized secretion of signaling molecules by cells, which generates an environment that is poor in oxygen and nutrients; and iii) the increased metabolic needs of rapidly dividing cells serve as an evolutionary pressure for them to adapt to this adverse microenvironment, leading to the emergence of resistant clones. We discuss how these concepts can guide mechanistic studies, as well as aid in the design of novel experimental therapeutics.

Neuroendocrine bronchial and thymic tumors: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Neuroendocrine bronchial and thymic tumors : ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Neuroendocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic tumors: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Neuroendocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic tumors : ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2%–3% of all adult malignancies, representing the seventh most common cancer in men and the ninth most common cancer in women [1]. Worldwide, there are ∼209 000 new cases and 102 000 deaths per year. The incidence of all stages of RCC has increased over the past several years, contributing to a steadily increasing mortality rate per unit population. Active and passive cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for RCC as well as hypertension. However, anti-hypertensive medications such as diuretics are not independently associated with RCC development.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Adrenal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Adrenal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: ESMO–ESDO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: ESMO–ESDO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Bone sarcomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Bone sarcomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Chronic myeloid leukemia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Chronic myeloid leukemia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up