Clinacanthus Nutans Research Articles

Research progress in the study of Clinacanthus nutans and treatment of liver diseases

Research progress in the study of Clinacanthus nutans and treatment of liver diseases

Protective effect of Clinacanthus nutans on pancreatic β- cell mass and function in diabetic rats

Protective effect of Clinacanthus nutans on pancreatic β- cell mass and function in diabetic rats

Effect of hexane extract of Clinacanthus nutans leaves on HSC-3 cells migration in vitro

Effect of hexane extract of Clinacanthus nutans leaves on HSC-3 cells migration in vitro

Optimization of the Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Application in the Degradation of Dyes

Using plant extracts for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is being recognized as a promising and environmentally sustainable approach. Plant extracts in producing AgNPs obviate cell culture maintenance and allow scalability in a non-aseptic setting. This work aims to identify the categories of phytochemicals and to conduct the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs utilizing extracts from the leaves and stems of Clinacanthus nutans. The present work involved the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous extracts derived from the leaves (L) and stems (S) of C. nutans. This synthesis approach was chosen due to its non-toxic nature, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally favorable characteristics. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) examination revealed the presence of silver nanoparticles, denoted as AgNP-L and AgNP-S, which exhibited size ranges of 20 to 200 nm and 25 to 250 nm, respectively. The average sizes of AgNP-L and AgNP-S were determined to be 99.38 nm and 68.47 nm, respectively. The AgNP has shown remarkable degrading efficiency towards commercial dyes, namely Nile Blue (NB), with a removal rate of 94% within 110 minutes, and Reactive Yellow 160 (RY160), with a removal rate of 82% within 110 minutes. The extract derived from the Clinacanthus nutans exhibited considerably elevated concentrations of biologically active chemicals (Flavonoid and Phenolic). The utilization of biogenic AgNPs presents a significant prospect for the remediation of water resources polluted with industrial dye, owing to their notable reusability, photocatalytic effectiveness, and compatibility with environmentally friendly synthesis methods.

Assessing the effectiveness of a herbal mouthwash against oral pathogens: analysis

The most common infectious diseases caused by numerous viruses and bacteria include dental caries and periodontal diseases, which can develop at different stages of a person's life. Herbal mouthwash is highly promising because of its positive effects and works on oral infections and bacteria to quickly cure pain. In this study, a herbal mouthwash with a range of plant extracts was prepared. Medicinal plants like Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Clincanthus nutans was used. Their usefulness in halting the growth of harmful bacterial species such Staphylococcus sp was evaluated. Clinacanthus nutans has strong antibacterial properties and non- toxic to cell lines. Phytochemical was carried out and characterization analysis such as FTIR and GC-MS analysis were performed to identify the function groups and important constituents. In vivo toxicity analysis was performed and the LC50 value for the three formulations A, B, C were found to be 16.0598 µg/ml,15.948 µg/ml,16.058 µg/ml respectively.The physical characteristics such as pH, colour, and stability, have been assessed. Antibacterial activity against an oral sample on blood agar showed good zone of inhibition for three different formulations. The formulation C showed maximum inhibition of 25mm for 100µl concentration of the sample.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN BELALAI GAJAH TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHID DAN SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE PADA TIKUS DENGAN AKTIVITAS TINGGI

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as the elephant trunk leaf which belongs to the Acanthaceae family. C. nutans can act as an antioxidant by reducing free radicals from the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the cell membrane. In this study, elephant trunk leaves will be studied regarding their content and antioxidant activity and their association with free radicals/Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are compounds that are highly reactive. ROS can cause damage to cell integrity and functional cell disruption. Free radical reduction prevents lipid oxidation, which then reduces malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. By potentiating the antioxidant properties of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and reducing lipid peroxidation, C. nutans can reduce oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of elephant trunk leaf extract on malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in rats with high activity. The research method used was laboratory experimental research with a Randomized Posttest Only with Control Group Design. In this study, 25 male white rats of the Wistar strain were divided into 5 groups: normal, negative control, and treatment I, II, III which were given elephant trunk leaf extract at successive doses of 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg BW ( Weight). and high activity for 14 days. MDA measurements using a spectrophotometer and SOD using calorimetry were carried out after 14 days. The results showed that elephant trunk leaf extract reduced MDA levels and increased SOD activity in the blood plasma of rats induced by high activity (P value <0.05).

Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers Containing Clinacanthus nutans (Phayayo) Crude Extract as Potential Wound Dressings

Extraction of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) lindau (C. nutans) or Phayayo (PY) leaves was performed by maceration using ethanol as an extractant. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The inhibitory concentration at 50% antioxidant activity (IC50) of PY extract was 15.62 mg/mL. The electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers containing PY extract at concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 7.5% w/v and silver (Ag) nanoparticles at 0.1% w/v were fabricated. The addition of PY extract and Ag influenced the viscosities of solutions and therefore affected the morphology and fiber diameters. The electrospun CA fiber mat containing 0.1% Ag and 7.5% PY extract was chosen to investigate its potential for use in wound dressing applications. The degrees of weight loss and water swelling of the electrospun CA/PY7.5/Ag fiber mat after immersion in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) at 37°C were examined in a range of 2-24 h, and found to increase with immersion time. The antioxidant activity of the fiber mat at the same period of immersion time was also studied, which corresponded with the trends of weight loss and water swelling. The antioxidant activity at 24 h of immersion was 68.3±9.2%. The CA/PY7.5/Ag fiber mat had no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli but slightly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The fiber mat also possesses high hydrophilicity, as examined by the contact angle measurement. These results indicate that the CA/PY7.5/Ag fiber mat is a promising material for use as a topical transdermal patch or wound dressing.

Clinacanthus nutans genetic diversity and its association with anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial activities

Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau has been extensively utilized in Thai folk medicine. However, there has been no prior exploration of its genetic diversity or its correlation with biological activity and phytochemical profiles. Herein, a total of 10 samples of C. nutans were collected from different geographic locations in different environments of Thailand, encompassing Northern, Northeastern, and Central regions. The genetic diversity study using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers showed that all C. nutans samples were closely related, as indicated by UPGMA cluster analysis. When comparing the biological activities of C. nutans extracts, our findings demonstrated that those sourced from Northern Thailand exhibited the most potent activity in reducing lipopolysaccharide-inducing cell death, as accessed by cell viability assay. Furthermore, they showed remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of phytochemical profiles revealed consistent chromatography peak patterns across all C. nutans extracts. However, they exhibited varying levels of phenolic contents, as judged by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, which positively correlated with their observed activities. In conclusion, this study highlights the limited genetic variation within C. nutans population in Thailand. Furthermore, it underscores the association between the biological activity and the total phenolic contents which might be mainly impacted by environmental conditions.

Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory, and Anti Uric Acid Bioactivity Correlation of some Family Acanthaceae Plants (A Review)

Uric acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant that is produced in the body as a byproduct of the enzymatic breakdown of xanthine. Inflammation of the blood vessel cells in the human body can be brought on by abnormally high amounts of uric acid in the serum. An acute inflammatory response often manifests with symptoms similar to those of gout attacks. XO is a major contributor to the production of superoxide free radicals, which are a factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. Existing drugs have been used to treat gout and inflammatory diseases, but have negative effects in humans. Medicinal plants are a source of active chemicals, which are particularly significant in the process of developing new medications due to the variety and distinctive chemical structures of these active compounds. Justicia gendarussa, Andrographis paniculata (Burn.f.) Nees, Ruellia tuberosa L, and Clinacanthus nutans Lindau are examples of plant species in the Acanthaceae family. The results of existing publications show that the bioactive compounds contained in these plants have a relationship between antioxidant activity, anti-uric acid and anti-inflammatory properties.

Exploring the material basis and mechanism of action of clinacanthus nutans in treating renal cell carcinoma based on metabolomics and network pharmacology.

Clinacanthus nutans (for abbreviation thereafter) is often used as medicine in the form of fresh juice in the folk to treat many kinds of cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is speculated that its active ingredient may have heat sensitivity, but there are currently no reports on this aspect. Therefore, based on the folk application for fresh juice of C nutans, this study used metabonomics and network pharmacology to explore the material basis and mechanism of action of C nutans against RCC. Firstly, untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to screen the metabolites down-regulated by heat in the extract of C nutans. Secondly, we collected the targets of metabolites in the Swiss Target Prediction platform. In addition, the targets of RCC were obtained in the GeneCards database. The "component-target-disease" network was established by Cytoscape3.9.0 software. Then we constructed a protein-protein interaction network in the STRING network platform to screen core targets. The gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis of core targets were carried out to predict the relevant pathway of C nutans in the treatment of RCC. Finally, the molecular docking verification of the core targets were carried out. In this study, 35 potential active ingredients and 125 potential targets were obtained. And the core targets were Cellular tumor antigen p53, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and so on. Then, 48 biological processes, 30 cell components, and 36 molecular functions were obtained by gene ontology enrichment analysis. Besides, 44 pathways were obtained by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis, including Pathway in cancer, PI3K-Akt signal pathway, P53 signal pathway, and so on. The docking model between the core target and its corresponding components was stable. This research is based on the folk application of C nutans, showed its potential active ingredients by metabonomics, and predicted the potential mechanism of C nutans in the treatment of RCC by network pharmacology. It provides new references for follow-up research and new drug development.

Protective effect of Clinacanthus nutans in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity on human kidney cell (PCS-400-010) elucidated by an LCMS-based metabolomics approach.

Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity has been widely reported in numerous studies. The objective of this study is to assess the potential nephroprotective effects of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau (Acanthaceae) leaf extracts on human kidney cells (PCS-400-010) in vitro using an LCMS-based metabolomics approach. Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis identified 16 significantly altered metabolites when comparing the control and pre-treated C. nutans cisplatin-induced groups. These metabolites were found to be associated with glycerophospholipid, purine, and amino acid metabolism, as well as the glycolysis pathway. Pre-treatment with C. nutans aqueous extract (125 μg/mL) for 24 h, followed by 48 h of cisplatin induction in PCS-400-010 cells, demonstrated a nephroprotective effect, particularly involving the regulation of amino acid metabolism.

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Properties of Methanol, Hexane and Water Extracts of Clinacanthus nutans

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Properties of Methanol, Hexane and Water Extracts of Clinacanthus nutans

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, and photocytotoxicity of Clinacanthus nutans leaf extracts

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, and photocytotoxicity of Clinacanthus nutans leaf extracts

Effects of various plant growth regulators upon callus induction potential using leaf explants of Clinacanthus nutans (Sabah Snake grass)

Effects of various plant growth regulators upon callus induction potential using leaf explants of Clinacanthus nutans (Sabah Snake grass)

TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITYBY DIFFERENT DRYING AND EXTRACTION METHODS OF Clinacanthus nutans LEAVES

This report presents a study on the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Clinacanthus nutans leaves from different drying and extraction methods. The C. nutans leaves were subjected through three different drying methods: oven (40°C, 60°C and 80°C), vacuum oven and air drying. Afterwards, extraction on the dried leaves was performed using three different extraction techniques: soxhlet, maceration and ultrasoundassisted solvent extraction. Finally, total flavonoid and antioxidantactivity was determined spectrophotometrically by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method respectively. The results showed that the choice of drying and extraction methods had a significant influence on total flavonoid and antioxidant content of C. nutans extract. The combination of drying C. nutans leaves using laboratory oven at 60°C and soxhlet extraction obtained the highest amount of total flavonoid and antioxidant content at 24.53 ± 0.95 mg RU/g and 89.73 ± 4.39mg TE/ g respectively. The highest antioxidant activity for C. nutansfromair-dried samples and vacuum oven-dried samples were obtained through maceration extraction at 85.46 mg TE/ g and 83.96 mg TE/ g respectively.

Effect of adding of sabah snake grass (clinacanthus nutans) on the antioxidant and sensory properties of chocolate

This research was carried out to identify the effect of drying methods on the antioxidant activity of Sabah snake grass leaves as well as the addition of Sabah snake grass powder on the antioxidant and sensory properties of chocolate. Antioxidant properties of chocolate samples were determined through total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity tests. The best formulation of chocolate filled with Sabah snake grass was determined based on sensory and antioxidant test. Nutrient content of chocolate was determined through AOAC methods whereas water activity and hardness of chocolate shell were determined using water activity meter and Texture Analyzer. Changes of chocolate during storage was reviewed through the aspect of moisture content, water activity, hardness, melting point, microorganism count and sensory score. Results showed that chocolate F2, chocolate filled with 100g of Sabah snake grass powder was the best formulation with satisfaction by panels and higher antioxidant activity. This sample contain 7.25% moisture, 2.19% ash, 30.61% fat, 5.41% protein, 1.94% crude fibre and 52.61% carbohydrate. The storage sample showed significantly difference (p<0.05) in moisture content, water activity, hardness and melting property after kept for eight weeks but still safe to be consumed.

Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activities of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau.

Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for treating snake bites, scalds, burns, and viral and bacterial infections. It has been attracting an increasing amount of attention because of its biological activities, including its antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunoregulatory activities. Here, we conducted a panoramic survey of the literature regarding the immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities of C. nutans. We discovered that C. nutans extracts have virucidal activities against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, cyprinid herpesvirus 3, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, mosquito-borne chikungunya virus, and potentially SARS-CoV-2; such activities likely result from C. nutans interfering with the entry, penetration, infection, and replication of viruses. We also reviewed the phytochemicals in C. nutans extracts that exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. This updated review of the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory activities of C. nutans may guide future agricultural practices and reveal clinical applications of C. nutans.

Optimisation of the extraction of crude polysaccharides from Clinacanthus nutans leaves for antioxidant applications: Content analysis, chemometrics and metabolomics analysis

This study aimed to evaluate the optimal method for extracting crude polysaccharides from Clinacanthus nutans leaves (CNP) as natural antioxidants. Five different extraction methods, including hot water (HW_CNP), ultrasound-assisted (UL_CNP), freeze-thaw (FT_CNP), alkaline (ALK_CNP), and acid (ACD_CNP). The extraction yield, chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and chemometrics and metabolomics analysis were investigated and compared. The results showed that the ALK_CNP and UL_CNP methods were the most effective for extracting CNP, with the highest extraction yield and antioxidant properties. The total phenolic content (TPC) was found to be directly related to antioxidant activity, with the highest TPC exhibited by the FT_CNP. The metabolomics analysis confirmed that the extraction method played a significant role in determining the antioxidant properties of CNP extracts. The findings of this study have implications for the food industry, as natural antioxidants are in high demand for food preservation and enhancement.

Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using alkaline extracted crude polysaccharide of C. Nutans: Optimisation, characterisation, toxicity, anticancer potential and antibacterial studies

Green synthesised metal nanoparticles have been identified as promising materials for the development of nanomedicine due to their cost effectiveness, toxic-free and sustainable attributes. Studies have shown that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) combined with natural extracts can be useful in treating various diseases. Our study aims to prepare AgNP using alkaline extracted Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) crude polysaccharides (ALK_CNP) by the microwave-assisted method. The ALK_CNP synthesised silver nanoparticles (ALK_AgNP) were characterised by the UV–Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering technique, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The toxicity of the ALK_AgNP was tested against brine shrimp. The anticancer activity of AgNP was assessed on MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines. The antibacterial efficacy of AgNP was determined against pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Also, the DNA synthesis mechanism was tested via the mRNA expression of both bacteria strains. The obtained results demonstrated that synthesised ALK_AgNP had an average diameter of 7.48 ± 2.88 nm and had lower toxicity and higher anticancer and antibacterial potential than commercially available AgNP.

Guided Analysis of Selected Ethnobotanical Acanthaceous Plants for Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Acanthaceous plants have emerged as important therapeutic plants on a global scale, producing biologically active chemical compounds with larvicidal, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties. In traditional Thai medicine, the crude extracts of these plants, including Clinacanthus nutans, Justicia gendarussa, and Rhinacanthus nasutus, have been used to detoxify bug bites and some skin illnesses caused by fungus and viruses. This study argued for investigating acanthaceous plant extracts for alternate advantages such as anti-inflammation. The presence of anti-inflammatory components in extracts was examined using HPLC in order to evaluate their potential. Lupeol, a prospective anti-inflammatory triterpene found in medicinal plants, was employed as a chemical marker. The anti-inflammatory activities of extracts containing the active chemical were studied utilizing protein denaturation and inhibition of nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. Also, the extract of combined active plants was assessed. Lupeol was detected in the tested extracts in quantities ranging from 0.25 to 1.22% w/w. It was found in the highest concentration in the extract of Clinacanthus nutans and in the lowest concentration in the extract of Justicia gendarussa. All extracts of plants containing the active ingredient exhibited anti-inflammatory effects. Their IC50 values ranged between 0.87 and 29.28 mg/mL. The extract made from a combination of plants that contained lupeol demonstrated the most potent anti-inflammatory effect, with a 0.6-fold difference when compared to diclofenac. This research implied that investigating acanthaceous plant extracts containing this active agent might be more beneficial in the design of herbal recipes with anti-inflammatory characteristics.