Climatic Areas Research Articles

Impact of environmental factors on Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection in breeding ewes from western Mexico.

In Mexico, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are major causes of reproductive problems in sheep. Understanding the environmental factors that influence the spread of these parasites is crucial for developing effective control strategies. The objective of this study was to identify the environmental factors associated with N. caninum and T. gondii infections in sheep in western Mexico. Blood samples were collected from 184 sheep and determine seroprevalence using the ELISA test. Based on the seroprevalence data and information about the climatic regions and geographic characteristics, logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the environmental factors associated with N. caninum and T. gondii infections. Antibodies for N. caninum were found in 27 of the 184 blood samples. The environmental risk factors associated with N. caninum were Köppen climate area Ca(w1) with an OR = 6.55 and rainfall (700-800mm) with an OR = 3.23. For T. gondii, antibodies were detected in 113 of the 184 sheep sampled. The main risk factors were Köppen climate area Cb(w1) with an OR = 10.5 and rainfall (900-1000mm) with an OR = 4.6. Identifying these factors is crucial for developing more effective control strategies to reduce the incidence of these infections and improve the reproductive health of sheep flocks in the region.

Effects of climate change on the distribution of Molossus molossus and the potential risk of Orthohantavirus transmission in the Neotropical region.

Molossus molossus is a widely distributed neotropical bat species in the Americas, often found in urban areas. This study evaluated climate change effects on the potential geographic distribution of M. molossus, a natural host of zoonotic pathogens such as Orthohantavirus, in the Neotropical region. Using ecological niche modeling (ENM), models were generated for current (1970-2000) and future (2070) climate scenarios based on two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and two Global Circulation Models (MPI-ESM1-2-LR and IPSL-CM6A-LR). Results indicated that in the current scenario, warm and coastal areas of the Neotropics are suitable for M. molossus occurrence. Risk areas for Orthohantavirus transmission were mapped by overlapping the probability of urban expansion with projections of climatic suitability for the bat. For both future scenarios (2070), projections indicate an expansion of suitable climatic areas for M. molossus over urban expansion zones, specifically in Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico, the United States, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. However, projections also indicate the Lesser Antilles under climate threat, considering that no climatic suitability areas will remain. These findings provide important information for planning surveillance and mitigation actions for zoonotic risks associated with M. molossus, considering climate change impacts on its geographic distribution in the Neotropical region.

Inverter technology and the role of the user behavior: Towards a more efficient use of energy

The article analyzes the energy efficiency of air conditioning (AC) systems with inverter technology compared to On/Off systems, highlighting the importance of user behavior in energy consumption. AC is essential for comfort and health, but it also contributes significantly to CO2 emissions due to high energy consumption. Inverter technology can reduce energy consumption by maintaining a more stable internal temperature and reducing operating costs and emissions in comparison with On/Off systems. However, incorrect use by users, such as turning the AC to maximum capacity and then reducing it, lead to energy inefficiencies. Thus, users play a crucial role in the control to improve energy efficiency. It has been studied that the participation of users in temperature management and the advanced technologies use optimize energy consumption and reduce environmental impact. i.e., the adoption of inverter systems and user education are essential to achieve a more sustainable and efficient use of energy in hot climate areas.

A pea variety ‘Kazak’

Peas is one of the most common leguminous crops, the value of which is determined by a wide range of use. Traditional pea varieties often suffer from poor productivity and insufficient tolerance to adverse weather conditions such as drought, frost, and diseases. Modern plant breeding has made it possible to develop new leafless pea varieties with a determinate growth type (limited stem growth), which significantly simplifies mechanized harvesting. In this regard, the purpose of the current study was to develop a new highly productive pea variety with resistance to extreme environmental conditions and high feed and food qualities. During a long-term breeding work, including a various initial forms’ crossing, a selection of the best genotypes and a strict control of productivity and stability parameters, the variety ‘Kazak’ was studied in the Competitive Variety Testing under number G-1122 in 2020–2022. The yield structure elements have shown that pea seed productivity has increased due to all elements of seed productivity. Number of productive beans per plant of the variety ‘Kazak’ was 4.9 pcs., number of seeds per plant was 16.3 pcs., 1000-seed weight was 206.7 g, productivity of one plant was 3.4 g, and protein in seeds was 25%. Due to higher indicators of the yield structure elements, it was possible to form productivity from 2.40 to 4.41 t/ha, which is on average 0.50 t/ha higher than that of the standard (2.07–3.42 t/ha). Economic efficiency of the variety cultivation has shown an additional output of 10,110 rubles per hectare, and the profitability level was 70.6%. Further work is going to be aimed at the study of adaptive potential of the variety in various climatic areas and the features of varietal agricultural technology to achieve maximum productivity. Particular attention is going to be paid to the study of genetic potential of the variety ‘Kazak’ for breeding new, even more productive and resistant pea varieties.

Artificial Degradation of Two Wooden Species of Different Density and Their Use for Optimization of Thermal Comfort in Climatic Areas of Marine and Mesoandean Desert

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of two species of wood of different density and the most commercialized in the southern regions of Peru: Schizolobium excelsum (pashaco) and Aniba gigantiflora (mohena), in order to choose the appropriate timber species for housing coating and contribute to thermal comfort. Wood is known to be a widely used material in construction due to its mechanical, aesthetic and sustainable properties. However, its durability is compromised by environmental factors. The degradation of wood can manifest itself in the form of cracking, erosion and discoloration, affecting its structural integrity and appearance. On the other hand, several studios have designed multilayered facades as an architectural strategy that seeks to optimize the thermal comfort of the interior spaces. Previous studies have shown that the configuration of multilayer facades with wood can result in a significant improvement of the thermal performance of buildings, for this purpose the best timber species must be chosen. Context: In this context, samples of two timber species were selected and evaluated in their natural state and coated with commercial surface protector, and wood thermally treated at 180 °C; these samples were subjected to accelerated degradation in a QUV equipment under conditions of UV radiation (0.89 W/m2 nm at 340 nm), humidity (by condensation and spray) and high temperatures (up to 60 °C), according to EN 927-6:2018 (European Committee for Standardization, 2018) for a total of 2016 hours. Results: The results showed statistically that the wood in its natural state, and with commercial coating presented cracking, fissures, erosion and discoloration. However, the heat treated wood presented better results of resistance against cracks. Finally, the species Schizolobium excelsum (density 0.33 g/cm3) is more resistant to exposed climatic conditions. Chosen the best timber species, it was configured as part of the multi-layer facade system composed of: heat treated wood, elastomer, air, OSB board and polyurethane insulators and its behavior was simulated to optimize thermal comfort in homes of marine desert climates and Andean meso with THERM software. The result showed an internal temperature concentration of 20 °C versus 0 °C of external temperature, this result considering only structures of walls of the house. Implications of the research: The implications of the research is at the level of material development, since the results reflect the need to develop coatings and treatments for wood that offer greater protection against degradation that respond to demands for durability and sustainability. Another implication is at the level of design strategy, the configuration of multi-layer facade with heat treated wood, can be adopted in architectural design to improve thermal comfort in marine or Mesoandean desert climatic areas. Originality: The originality of this inside research in which an accelerated degradation equipment was used, which allowed to have a realistic frame of reference to evaluate the behavior of materials in adverse climatic conditions. Likewise, it was possible to identify the timber species, more resistant to extreme climatic factors and by simulating the thermal behavior of this material, it is concluded that it is viable against other timber species.

Detection of Factors Affecting the Spatial Distribution of Ozone in Summer over China Based on Geodetector

To study the factors affecting the spatial distribution of ozone concentration in different regions of China, based on the summer ozone monitoring data of 2019 and three influencing factors, namely, main meteorological, direct emission, and socio-economic factors, the influence degree of various factors on the spatial differentiation of ozone was quantified by using the Geodetector method and the comparison between regions was conducted. The results showed that the spatial differentiation of ozone concentration in summer 2019 was most affected by the main meteorological factors and the average degree of influence reached 0.277. Relative humidity was the dominant meteorological factor and the influence degree reached 0.415. The degree of influence of meteorological factors increased from northeast and western regions to central regions. The influence of social and economic factors increased from north to south, except for the low plateau climate area. The analysis on the interaction of two factors revealed that the average wind speed of meteorological factors had the greatest impact on other factors and large regional differences were present. Among socio-economic factors, population density had the greatest impact on other factors and was the key factor driving the regional differentiation of other factors. These results are helpful to understand the dominant factors of spatial distribution of ozone concentration in different regions of China and have guiding importance for the prevention and control of ozone pollution.

Impact of climate change on the distribution of insectivorous bats: Implications for small-scale farming in southern Mexico

Bats provide important ecosystem services for agriculture, such as pest control, a function that is particularly relevant for small-scale farmers. However, climate change is causing a decrease in bat populations. To assess the potential impacts of climate change on insectivorous bats and the implications on small-scale farming of indigenous communities in the Chiapas Highlands in southern Mexico we developed a three-step protocol: (1) projecting distribution shifts of insectivorous bats under climate change scenarios using non-dispersal and limited-full dispersal assumptions, (2) using official information to estimate the average economic value of conducting chemical pest control in crops at a state level, (3) surveying small-scale farmers to estimate the local economic value of pest control and determine how bats are perceived by small-scale farmers. Our models project shifts in bat species due to climate change. Given that new suitable climatic areas are also projected, if we assume a limited-full dispersal scenario, bats might not be as at risk by climate change, but shifting their distribution to more suitable habitats will probably affect the dynamic of the ecosystem service they provide. The official estimated value of chemical pest control is $15.15 USD/ha, while the estimated cost resulting from a hybrid survey with small-scale farmers was $47.53 USD/ha. The difference in cost could be related to an overuse of insecticides for pest control or an increase in price due to reduced accessibility. Sixty percent of surveyed farmers perceived a decline in bat populations, 68% were unaware of the benefits that bats provide to their crops, 51% believe that bats are mainly hematophagous, and 10% recognize that people harm or kill bats. A new approach including communicating small-scale farmers in their native languages the benefits that insectivorous bats provide along with a pest management strategy for the efficient use of insecticides needs to be implemented.

Climate Change Effects on Crop Area Dynamics in the Cachar District of Assam, India: An Empirical Study

Climate change is a worldwide phenomenon that significantly impacts the area, production, and yield of crops. Changes in climate conditions have diverse effects on farming globally. For instance, an increase in temperature can make specific crops more vulnerable to pests. Similarly, a decrease in rainfall reduces water availability, affecting both irrigated and rainfed farming practices. This study aims to investigate climate change effects on crop area dynamics in the Cachar district of Assam, India, for a period spanning from 1981 to 2017. The time series ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model is employed to analyze the relationship between climate factors and areas under different crops. As a pre-requisite condition for ARDL, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is employed to check the order of integration of area under selected crops. The research reveals that the annual average temperature negatively affects the area dedicated to chickpeas, while annual average rainfall negatively impacts the areas allocated to rice and chickpeas. Conversely, annual average relative humidity has a significant positive impact on the area of these crops in the study region. Policymakers may consider strategies and policies for agriculture by encouraging the cultivation of crop varieties that are more resilient to climate change.

Design of the safety climate thermometer to promote team dialogue in surgical teams, using a thematic literature review and international expert panel study

Abstract Introduction A safe work climate benefits patients and healthcare professionals. Most instruments for evaluating safety climate are lengthy questionnaires focusing on either measuring and benchmarking, or identifying areas for improvement. We aimed to design a communication instrument promoting team discussion about safety in surgical teams: the safety climate thermometer (SCT). Method First, a literature study was conducted to identify important safety themes, which were then organized into eight safety climate themes. Behavior-based assessment statements were drafted per theme. Second, an expert panel study with international experts was conducted, soliciting feedback on our initial SCT design. Their feedback led to a redesign into the SCT prototype presented in this study. Results The literature search yielded twelve existing instruments and three reviews. Twenty-two experts participated in the panel study. The final SCT prototype framed eight safety climate themes and is organized into two parts. In Part I, team members individually and anonymously evaluate team performance per theme by responding to a single statement to quickly assess global perceptions of that theme. Based on their collective scores, the team chooses one safety climate area to investigate further by scoring one set of eight in-depth statements. In Part II, a structured interdisciplinary team discussion takes place aiming to pinpoint a work floor issue and set actionable goals for improvement. Discussion/conclusion The SCT is a communication instrument for surgical teams that first focuses on identifying opportunities for improvement, and then structuring team discussion and follow-up, aiming to improve safety climate.

Effects of Low Temperature, Freeze-Thaw Cycles, and Healing Conditions on Viability of Non-Ureolytic Bacteria in Biological Self-Healing Concrete.

The capacity of biological self-healing concrete (BSHC) to repair cracks relies on the sustained viability and metabolic function of bacteria embedded within the concrete. BSHC structures face significant risk in cold climates due to low temperatures and freeze-thaw (FT) cycles, during which freezing water can generate internal pressure that damages bacterial cells and diminishes their activity. A special feature of this study is the incorporation of bacterial spores within expanded clay aggregates, tested under varying environmental conditions. The viability of bacterial spores was measured under cold and freeze-thaw cycles by counting colony-forming units, and a specific methodology was developed to assess the efficiency of self-healing under rain-simulated conditions. It was demonstrated that bacteria embedded in concrete could endure fluctuations in low temperatures and freeze-thaw cycles, compromising approximately 50% of viable spores. Also, it was found that water immersion during concrete curing can trigger early germination, decreasing viable spore counts by nearly tenfold. Ultimately, it was demonstrated that the healing of cracks in BSHC components is influenced by the conditions under which the specimens are incubated. The results suggest that BSHC can be employed in cold climate areas, given that suitable curing conditions and adequate bacterial protection within the concrete are ensured.

Prevalence, risk factors and molecular identification of paramphistomid species in sheep from a Spanish endemic area

BackgroundParamphistomids are ruminal trematodes that cause important losses in tropical and subtropical regions. However, their presence in Europe has increased significantly in recent decades. In northwestern Spain, this trend has been confirmed in cattle, but data in sheep are scarce and not updated. Moreover, the paramphistomid species affecting sheep in the area have never been molecularly identified. To evaluate the prevalence of paramphistomid infections in sheep from northwestern Spain, 826 faecal samples from 25 sheep farms were collected and analysed via coproscopic techniques. In addition, the rumens of 85 roe deer from the same area were examined to detect adult paramphistomids. The species present were molecularly identified. Multivariate analyses for identifying the risk factors affecting the prevalence and egg shedding of rumen flukes were also performed.ResultsOverall, 14% of the animals and 44% of the flocks were positive; the mean egg count was 20.5 eggs per gram of faeces. In contrast, no adult paramphistomids were found in roe deer. Older sheep, those from farms located in the central climatic area, without water throughs available on pastures and using their own manure to fertilize, were considered significantly more susceptible to infection with paramphistomids. With respect to egg shedding, animals from 37 to 72 months of age, farms under semiextensive management, and those coinfected with Fasciola hepatica presented significantly greater egg counts. Molecular identification revealed 100% similarity with Calicophoron daubneyi sequences from other European and Mediterranean countries.ConclusionsThe present study confirms the increase in the prevalence of paramphistomid infections in sheep in the area with high dissemination of the parasite, as previously reported in cattle, and represents the first molecular identification of C. daubneyi in sheep from Spain. Our results demonstrate that special attention should be given to adult animals since they are the main carriers and are responsible for environmental contamination. In addition, detecting risk areas and applying effective control management measures such as the installation of watering points on pastures seems essential for limiting infections in livestock, especially in sheep, since they are susceptible to developing clinical paramphistomidosis at any time in their lives. The absence of adult flukes in roe deer suggests that they represent less suitable hosts for this trematode than cattle and sheep, although more robust studies monitoring the situation in sympatric areas with domestic ruminants are needed.

A multi-scale assessment of desertification severity in the Eastern Mediterranean region based on albedo-MSAVI feature space.

Resampling the same satellite image to conduct a multi-scale assessment of desertification can be accompanied by distortion of terrestrial objects and spectral information, which can lead to uncertainty in the generated information. To address this, this study assesses desertification severity in an area of arid and semi-arid climate in the Eastern Mediterranean (Jordan)that is characterised by cloudless scenesusingmulti-sensor data of the same scene at the same time. To this end, Sentinel-2 at 10 m and 60 m, Landsat-8 at 30 m and MODIS at 250 m and 500 m were collected to extract albedo and modified soil adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), and subsequently to construct albedo-MSAVI feature space. Using the negative correlation between albedo and MSAVI, desertification degree index (DDI) was generated. The resulting multi-scale DDI maps bear a relative resemblance in terms of spatial distribution, patterns, and proportions. The DDI maps indicate that extremely serious and serious desertification are widespread, accounting for 50% of the study area, primarily in the eastern portions. However, finer DDI maps (10 m, 30 m and 60 m) are essential for detecting small-scale desertification characteristics due to their ability to capture local spatial variabilities, while coarser ones (250 m and 500 m) are better suited for capturing broad-scale desertification patterns driven by climatic factors, in which MODIS data exhibit a relatively higher positive correlation with seasonal average precipitation. Although finer DDI maps show higher accuracy compared to coarser ones, the accuracy of DDI maps of MODIS has shown an increase within a homogeneous landscape. Accordingly, synchronised multi-scale assessment of desertification severity is not only influenced by the spatial resolution but also by the landscape heterogeneity and the type of satellite sensor utilised. The multi-scale approach applied in this study can provide insights on scale-dependent desertificationthat help in devising overarching mitigation strategies.

Temporal Activity and Distribution of the Invasive Mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus in the Zagreb Area, Croatia.

Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus are invasive mosquito species that are causing great public concern. Aedes albopictus have successfully spread in Croatia, established in both the coastal and continental parts of the country, while Aedes japonicus is invading temperate climate areas. The invasive Aedes species are particularly attracted to the black plastic water containers and flower vases in cemeteries where they oviposit their eggs. Therefore, monitoring of this species was carried out in 12 cemeteries in Zagreb, using ovitraps with masonite strips as a substrate for oviposition. The monitoring was carried out from 2017 to 2020. The traps were inspected and the substrate was replaced every two weeks. This study showed that these two invasive species were present and very abundant in the cemeteries. In the case of Ae. albopictus, a higher population density and a greater number of occupied cemeteries were detected. This species was identified in all 12 cemeteries. Aedes albopictus was identified as the dominant species at all study sites. The spread of Ae. japonicus increased during 2018 in comparison to the previous year. Although this species was present in approximately 9% of the ovitraps, the observed population remained consistent throughout the course of the study. The findings indicate that cemeteries can be considered as significant public health hotspots, as the invasive Aedes mosquitoes tend to develop and reproduce in such environments. Consequently, the mosquito population of these two invasive species may only be reduced by applying integrated mosquito management measures, focused on the education of citizens.

Nepal Family Cohort study: a study protocol

IntroductionThe Nepal Family Cohort study uses a life course epidemiological approach to collect comprehensive data on children’s and their parents’ environmental, behavioural and metabolic risk factors. These factors can affect...

Increasing shallot production with chitosan application to support food resilience in dry climate areas

Abstract Shallots are an important ingredient in many dishes around the world, but their production can be challenging, especially in dry climates. Efforts to increase shallot production are carried out by applying chitosan which can increase plant resistance in drought conditions. This research aims to analysed the effect of concentration and time interval of chitosan administration on the growth and production of shallots in dry climate areas. The research design used was a randomized block design with two factors, namely chitosan concentration (0; 1; 2 and 3 g/L) and application time interval (10; 15 and 20 days). The study was conducted in 2023 between April and August at the research area of the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency in Sampali Village, Deli Serdang Regency. The research results showed that the chitosan concentration had a noteworthy impact on the growth of leaves., while the interaction of concentration and application time interval significantly impacted the growth of the tuber’s diameter and dry weight. To increase shallot production in dry climates, it is recommended to use a 2 g/L concentration of chitosan an application interval of every 20 days.

The pore water pressure changes on forested slopes in tropical humid climate area

The pore water pressure changes on forested slopes in tropical humid climate area

Assessment of conservation status of Ferula huber‐morathii: association with population genetic structure and regional climate

Ferula huber‐morathii is an endemic and medicinally important plant. This species is distributed in eight Turkish localities, including three newly identified ones. Its extent of occurrence and area of occupancy is determined to be 3963 km2 and 32 km2 respectively. All localities are characterized by East Mediterranean and sub‐Mediterranean precipitation regimes; however, temperatures increase excessively and precipitation decreases during the flowering period of the species. The population sizes are quite small, and the number of reproducing individuals in some populations is below ten. Analyses of ISSR markers showed the percentage of polymorphic loci to be 94% at the species level and 56% at the population level. The level of genetic differentiation (measured by GST) was 0.37 and the estimated level of gene flow among populations (NM) was 0.84. The percentage of variance occurring within and among populations, determined by AMOVA, was 75% and 25%, respectively. STRUCTURE analysis revealed two genetic clusters of individuals with a geographic structure, similar to that found in UPGMA and an ordination analysis. Some populations turned out to have both low numbers of individuals and low genetic diversity. Since many of the populations are subject to anthropogenic disturbance, the species should remain in the EN category. At the same time, it is suggested that a new in‐situ conservation area should be created around nearby dams, situated in the same climate area as the currently known populations.

Climatic suitability and development potential of facility agriculture at county-level in China

Facility agriculture is a modern cultivation system that utilizes certain facilities and engineering techniques to create a suitable environment for crops growth, which can ensure China's national food security and human nutrition. Both beneficial and limited climatic conditions have influenced the development for facility agriculture. In this study, 12 dominant factors were distilled by using Maximum Entropy model (MaxEnt) to quantify climatic suitability of facility agriculture and its variation in counties across China in 1991–2020. The climatic suitable areas for facility agriculture were mainly distributed in the southern part of Northeast China, North China, central China, southern part of Southwest China, and northern part of East China, especially during 2000–2020. There was a general fluctuating upward trend in the climatic suitability of facility agriculture in traditional advantageous production areas such as Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, and Liaoning. Positive trends in the changes of climatic suitability were detected in central and eastern China where rapid development of facility agriculture could be realized through scientific planning and layout. Western provinces such as Gansu, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia were highlighted as considerable development potential for facility agriculture, with the perspective of developing energy-saving solar greenhouses in especial. These distribution characteristics and potential changes of climate suitability would help to optimize production layout and achieve green and sustainable development of facility agriculture.

Navigating legitimacy: diverse stakeholder perspectives on the IFRS foundation’s establishment of the ISSB

Purpose In 2020, the IFRS Foundation’s public consultation on Sustainability Reporting provided an opportunity for stakeholders to share their opinions on the Foundation’s proposals. This paper aims to analyze the comment letters that would legitimize the IFRS Foundation to institutionalize the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB). Design/methodology/approach This study used Python to develop a model for analyzing all 577 submissions that the IFRS Foundation received, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods. Findings Support for the creation of the ISSB was not unanimous but reached 68%. Key supporting arguments were that the IFRS Foundation could harmonize sustainability reporting standards by leveraging its expertise in setting accounting standards, and use its existing relationships to enforce sustainability reporting. Key counterarguments were: the IFRS Foundation lacks expertise in the areas of sustainability and climate; sustainability reporting should be integrated into financial reporting rather than being disclosed separately; the proposals were limited in scope (single materiality, focus on investors’ information needs and climate change centrism); and the IFRS Foundation should aim to endorse already established frameworks instead. Practical implications A consensus between supporters and critics was the need to make sustainability reporting mandatory. Endorsed by IOSCO, the ISSB released its inaugural standards, focusing on climate-related disclosures, effective from 2024 in jurisdictions that choose to adopt them. Originality/value The findings show that the establishment of the ISSB by the IFRS Foundation only partially fulfilled the demand for the harmonization of sustainability reporting standards. As a result, broader and non-investor-centric sustainability information may continue to be reported under alternative frameworks.

Assessment of the suitability of drought descriptions for wildfires under various humid temperate climates in Japan

Drought is the primary driver of wildfires in humid regions, and the main drought drivers for wildfire occurrence and spread vary across different humid climatic areas. This study explores the suitability of different drought descriptions for wildfires under various humid temperate climates in Japan. Based on wildfire data from 1995 to 2012, statistical and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the performance of effective humidity (EH) and soil moisture (SM) as indicators of atmospheric and soil drought. EH is used for nationwide wildfire and drought warnings in Japan. The results show that EH is significantly influenced by seasonal and regional factors, with its ability to assess drought for wildfire varying accordingly, whereas SM demonstrates a more consistent ability to assess drought across different seasons and regions. Correlation analysis revealed that atmospheric drought better explains the drought conditions for wildfire ignition in 11 prefectures, mainly concentrated in the northern regions along the Sea of Japan. In contrast, the correlation coefficients for SM were higher in 33 prefectures, particularly along the Pacific coast, indicating that soil drought better explains the drought conditions for burned areas in these prefectures.