Climate Resilient Technologies Research Articles

Increasing Farmers Income through Demonstration of Climate Resilient Technology

The project TDC-NICRA (National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture) was initiated in KVK, Dhemaji from 2021-22 in Magurmari village of Simen-Chapori Block under the District Dhemaji. The village was affected by flood every year leaving the villagers in a state of destitute. Majority of the farmers of Magurmari village were marginal farmer. Flood, irrigation, water conservation, diseases infestation on plant and occupational migration were the major problem of the village due to which crop failure occurs which leads low income of the farmers. To establish climate resilient agriculture in Magurmari village Demonstration on submergence tolerant rice variety ‘Ranjit sub-1’, medium duration rice variety Numoli, Cultivation of megha turmeric through organic mulching, cultivation of rabi vegetables using paddy straw as organic mulch and Low cost raised bed vermicompost production interventions were taken up in magurmari village. The study revealed that these climate resililient technology weer provd to be boom in magurmari village which help the farmers to increase the farm production and their income to a great extent.

Prospects of Solar Pump for Irrigation and Household Applications for Climate Resilience in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a climate vulnerable and agricultural country. Coastal region of Bangladesh is severely affected by climate change. To mitigate climate, change a solar pump of flow rate 180 liter per minute was designed and tested in farmers’ fields of Kalapara and Galachipa Upazila (sub-district) of Patuakhali district, Barguna Sadar and Amtali Upazila of Barguna district and Char Fasson and Lalmohon Upazila of Bhola district in the coastal region of Bangladesh for irrigating in high value crops like tomato and brinjal using pond/canal water. One solar pump was installed in each Upazila of off-grid area in 2018 and experiments were conducted during 2018-2021. Each solar pump was operated with 1300 Wp photovoltaic panels and the panels were also used for supplying electricity to home appliances and home water supply when the irrigation time was over. In farmers’ fields, water saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and alternate furrow irrigation were conducted. The water savings from drip and alternate furrow irrigation methods over famers’ practice (every furrow irrigation) for tomato were 48.79% and 30.39% and those for brinjal were 47% and 35%, respectively. The benefit cost ratio of the demonstrated solar PV system was found to be 1.62 which was higher than low lift diesel pump (1.30). A small solar pump of 0.8 kW reduced 1.76 ton of carbon emission per year than a similar diesel engine operated pump. The farmers in the project areas are using the solar panels for irrigation, lightings, operating fans, supplying drinking water, sanitation and other purposes. Therefore, solar pump is an environment friendly and climate resilient technology with multiple benefits for small holder farmers in the coastal region of Bangladesh.

Climate Resilient Technologies, Adaptation, Mitigation and their Influence on Farm Income in Telangana State of India

Climate change is a challenge for developing countries like India due to climate variability. The study area of Telangana is also prone to frequent droughts, resulting in distress among farming communities, and witnessed crop failures leading to farmer’s suicides. The State Action Plan on Climate Change (APCC) reported these issues of drought and heat waves in agriculture. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in 2017-18 by using an ex-post facto research design to assess the climate resilient technologies, mitigation strategies adopted here, and their influence on farm income among the already ascertained most vulnerable Mahabubnagar district and least vulnerable Khammam district farmers of Telanagana State. A total of 480 respondents, 240 from each district, were selected randomly. The technology adoption index was constructed to ascertain the extent of adoption of climate-resilient technology, and further study analyzed the factors influencing the adaptation of climate- resilient, technologies such as the technology adoption index on household farm income, along with other factors. The results of the study indicated that different strategies adopted by farmers in mitigating climate change, such as use of drought-tolerant varieties and life saving irrigations had a positive influence on adaptation to climate change. Further, the study reported that the technology adoption index (TAI) showed a positive, non-significant impact on farm income in both scenarios considered i.e. Mahabubnagar and Khammam which implies that there needs, adopting more technologies intensively and timely, have to significant influence on farm income.

Knowledge level of NICRA beneficiaries about climate resilient technologies

Knowledge level of NICRA beneficiaries about climate resilient technologies

Awareness and Adoption of Climate Resilient Horticulture Technologies by Farmers in Ri Bhoi District of Meghalaya

A study was undertaken during the year 2020–2021 in Kyrdem and Sohriewblei villages, Ri-Bhoi district, Meghalaya, India to find out the level of awareness and adoption of climate resilient horticultural technologies. The selected villages had been adopted under National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project since 2011-2020. A sample size of 100 farmers (50 from each village) who were actively involved in horticultural activities was selected randomly. A well-structured, pre-tested interview schedule was employed for the data collection. The study revealed that the awareness level was recorded highest in institutional measures (94.2%) followed by horticultural practices (92.4%) and soil and water conservation (89%) measures. The highest adoption level of resilient practices was observed in horticultural practices (83.9%). Out of all respondents 89% were classified as medium category farmers for adoption of climate resilient technologies in both the villages. There was no statistical difference in the adoption level of resilient practices among the farmers of both the villages. Spearman rank correlation (0.730) depicted correlation between awareness and adoption level of horticultural technologies among the selected farmers in both the villages. It could be concluded that in an area like Meghalaya where small size of land holding and fragmented land emerged as main constraint for adoption of modern horticultural technology. Rigorous awareness programme to orient farming community towards scientific proven methods will be able to minimize the adverse effects of climate change.

Climatic vulnerability, adoption of climate-resilient technologies, and its socioeconomic-institutional-agroecological determinants

Climate change have been identified as the greatest challenge facing global leaders in 21st century. A major obstacle hindering the world from achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is climate change. Climate-resilient agriculture requires the integration of both socioeconomic and agroecological spheres with institutional investment. Numerous studies have advanced our understanding of climate change and its impact on global agriculture, but few have focused on the micro-farming situation. A geographical indicator (GI)-labelled Alphonso mango has developed a high sensitivity to climate change. It is therefore, this study intends to investigate climatic vulnerabilities; the adoption of climate-resilient technologies, and which socioeconomic-institutional-agroecological factors affect the adoption process. We adopted a multistage random sampling method to identify districts, blocks, villages, and mango farmers. A pre-tested interview schedule was employed to obtain field data. A binary logistic regression model was employed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study identified extreme climatic vulnerabilities such as temperature, relative humidity, cold waves, fog, and frost that caused damage to the mango plantations around the plains and hills of the west coast India, resulting in decreased production and productivity. Therefore, mango orchardists in coastal agroecosystems have adopted a large number of climate-resilient technologies, albeit at a moderate level. We found that a set of socioeconomic, institutional, and agroecological indicators had a substantial impact on the adoption of climate-resilient technologies (CRTs). This research implied that climate change adaptation plans may be designed and implemented with socioeconomic, institutional, and agroecological indicators in mind at all levels of policy planning such as macro-scale (global), meso (regional), and landscape (local).

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Climate-resilient Technologies in the Rice-wheat Cropping System of Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

The study was conducted to assess the level of adoption and factors that affected the adoption of climate-resilient technologies in rice-wheat cropping systems. The empirical data were collected via purposive and random sampling with a well-structured schedule. Data was processed using multi-ordinal logistic regression. The study found factors on the adoption such as education, land holding, experience and extension contact were positive, whereas age had a negative pattern. Economic impact like high climate resilient technology adopted farmers had higher returns per rupee invested compared to the medium and low adopted farmers. The policy implications emphasize the importance of implementing targeted extension services, providing financial incentives and creating a conducive policy environment that encourages widespread adoption and enhances agricultural resilience.

Impact of Climate Resilient Technology on Growth and Yield of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) under Submergence Condition

The submergence of rice fields is a significant issue in India's rice production, which is further aggravated by the unpredictable monsoon rain patterns and the impact of climate change. Larger variation in rainfall patterns affected by the timing of nursery raising and transplanting later in the main field therefore, we adopted Climate Resilient Technology (CRT) for rice production, Extended seedbed durations for rice seedlings allow for adequate rainfall during the monsoon season. So that the experiment was conducted at 30 farmer’s fields of NICRA village, Khana Bari, Kishanganj, Bihar, India, in 2022 under the supervision farm science Center, Kishanganj, the experiment was framed in randomized block design with ten replications. All plots received the recommended dose of fertilizers (120:60:40 kg ha-1 N.P.K.) in equal amounts. Urea, di-ammonium phosphate, and muriate of potash were used as the sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. To determine the growth characters i.e., plant height (cm) at harvest stage, number of effective tillers hill-1, LAI, Chlorophyll concentration (SPAD) and days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded at 90 days. Yield attributes viz., After the completion of the harvest, various observations were recorded, such as the number of panicles/m2, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, the test weight in grams, and the yield. This encompassed grain yield, straw yield, biological yield in quintals per hectare, and harvest index percentage. During the field experiment, both the climate-resilient technology Swarna Sub1 and Sabour Sampans paddy varieties were tested. Swarna Sub1 was found to be significantly superior in terms of plant growth, yield attributes, and yield characteristics. under submergence conditions. The significant maximum grain yield (48 q ha-1), straw yield (84 q ha-1), biological yield (153 q ha-1), and harvest index (45%) were recorded in Swarna Sub-1.

Constraints Encountered by Farmers in Adapting Climate Resilient Practices in Madhya Pradesh

The paper focuses on the constraints experienced and suggestions proffered by farmers while adapting to climate-resilient practices and technology in Bundelkhand and other Agro-climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh, India. There is a need to adopt new strategies for the farming system that help reduce the uncertainty in agriculture due to climate change. A sample of 235 respondents was interviewed to list the major constraints faced by farmers while adapting climate-smart technology and strategies. The findings revealed that personal constraints like the destruction of crops by erratic climatic events result in financial and mental instability for the farmers. Lack of availability of inputs at the village level and lack of belief in or credibility of weather information by weather forecasting system were the major institutional and technological constraints that is faced by the farmers. In order to overcome these constraints and enhance the capabilities of farmers, they made several suggestions. Such as weather forecasting and delivering of information should be more accurate and timely ,followed by more and frequent visits of extension agents should be there to help and assist farmers on climate resilient technology and there should be proper assessment of crop damage and compensation should be timely deliver to the farmers, were the major suggestions given by the farmers.

An Economic Analysis of Climate Change in Dry Lands of Maduri District, Tamil Nadu, India

The study was conducted in dry lands of Madurai district with a sample size of 150 to study the vulnerability, resilience and adaptation strategies to climate change and also to assess the sustainability of dry land farming and livelihood security of dry land farmers. The results revealed that Thirumangalam block was highly vulnerable to climate change with the index value of 0.689. In ecological sustainability, sorghum was more sustainable. Economic viability analyses showed that cotton was more sustainable The dependency on local inputs was higher for both cotton and sorghum with comparative higher usage of local inputs, such as labour, seed and Farm Yard Manure. Migration percentage was relatively high in dry land agro ecosystem due to low employment generation in this system. Thus, the resilience analysis showed that the migration has to be checked, savings has to be enhanced. Farm Yard Manure was the most important green technology adopted by the farmers with a proportion of 50.00 per cent. The livelihood security analyses that farmers in dry land system were much secure in habitat and social network security. Farmers’ perceived decline in yield was the most important impact of climate change and labour shortage was the most important constraint in adoption of climate resilient technologies. Policy implication suggested include suitable technological interventions should be given to sorghum farmers to make the crop more economically viable. Government should initiate agricultural development and welfare programmes for dryland farmers in the region.

Assessment of adaptation practices for risk minimization to drought in semi-arid environments

India is one of the most drought prone countries in the world and droughts are impacting agricultural production and livelihoods. Building resilience of agriculture has become important in view of the large-scale impacts of climate change and quantification of resilience is essential for objective assessment of technologies and systems for their performance. The focus of the study is to assess the impact of technologies in alleviating the impact of drought and to operationalize the concept of resilience to climatic stress. Two indices, resilience score, which indicates the performance of the technology during stress vis-à-vis the farmers’ practice during normal rainfall year and resilience gain, which indicates the performance of technology over that of the farmers’ practice during the stress year were used for assessing resilience. Location specific climate resilient technologies are adopted as a part of the ongoing project (National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA-since 2011)) and the extent of resilience achieved due to adoption of technologies is assessed with reference to drought occurred in 2016–2017 by collecting data from 113 households from two villages representing prevalent production systems of the villages vis-a-vis during the normal rainfall year (2015–16). Statistical significance of the impact of technologies adopted was ascertained using independent sample t-test and dummy variable regression technique. Drought has significant negative impact (p < 0.01) and decreased the production by 85% and income by 93%. Adoption of technologies resulted in yield and income gain (p < 0.01) during normal and drought years. Resilience score due to adoption of drought escaping cultivars ranged from 45 to 88% and 72 to 121% from livestock related technologies. Resilience gain due to climate smart technologies ranged from 15 to 118% over the farmers’ practice. Adoption of multiple farm enterprises enhanced income during drought and resilience. There is a need to encourage and support adoption of promising technologies for enhancing resilience and to minimize drought risk.

Impact of NICRA project on farm income and farm productivity of participant farmers

National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) is a network project of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) aiming to enhance resilience of Indian agriculture to climate change and climate vulnerability through strategic research and technology demonstration. Various climate smart technologies has been diffused amongst tribal farmers to mitigate climate changes in terms of very heavy rainfall, frequent and long dry spells, high humidity etc. The present study was thus, undertaken to assess the impact of the interventions of the climate resilient technologies introduced under the NICRA Project on farm productivity and income of the farmers. The total sample size consists of 160 farmers comprising of 80 participants farmers and 80 non-participants farmers from non-project area. The mean rice productivity of participant farmers (3315.56 kg/ha) was higher than that of the non-participant farmers (2395.32 kg/ha). The difference between the mean level of farm income of participant and non-participant farmers was Rs.37419.80. Findings, therefore, indicated that the project interventions had a significant positive impact on the farm income of the participant farmers.

Community Initiated and Practiced Climate Resilient Technology and its Effectiveness in Disaster Risk Reduction at Barisal, Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a low-lying deltaic plain country in which three-quarters of the population lives in rural areas, and they are the primary victim of climate invented worst situation (Siddiqui, 2009). As rural area’s people were deprived from the modern technology to mitigate the disaster, so that rural area’s people created y own initiated climate resilient technology to protect themselves. The purpose of this study was to identify indigenous disaster mitigation measures that the community had implemented in order to reduce the negative effects of disaster. The study area was Bakerganj upazila, Barisal which is also a rural based disaster-prone area. In this research, two types of data collection techniques were used, such as as primary and secondary data collection methods, afterwards the collected data were analyzed through Microsoft Excel. The major findings of this study were that, due to climate change the most drastic change was in temperature, which is responsible for occurring different kinds of disaster. Among those in the study area flood was the most prior disaster which may fallen impact on house and agriculture of study area. It was mainly influenced by poverty and lack of community awareness. So that the mostly used climate resilient technology of this area was raising of house platform above flood level (95.87%), plantation of disaster resilient tree around the house (76.29%), raising platform for cultivation (73.20%), using homemade fertilizer for enhance productivity (62.89%) and tying of house to minimize the possibility of destroying (61.86%). Among those raising house platform and cultivable land platform was more sustainable and resilient indigenous technology of this area. Beside more the study area’s people also got support from different GO and NGOs. And also, this area had strong social bonding with each other and local authorities, so that they got advantages from them and they consider this support as their capacity to fight against any kind of disaster. As indigenous technologies are very important for disaster risk reduction so that those should be linked up with local level adaptation plans for increasing the efficiency and resiliency of those locally invented technology, so that those will be easily accepted by the vulnerable community and implemented successfully against disaster.

Influence of Climate Resilient Technologies in Blackgram Productivity and Its Adoption in Low Rainfall Areas of Karaipottanar Sub Basin in Tiruchirapalli District in Tamil Nadu, India

Climate change has emerged as one of the major global environmental issues that greatly influence agricultural production and food security. To meet these emerging challenges of climate change, there is an urgent need for developing promising improved technologies for mitigating of combating the adverse effect of climate change. Climate changes have a direct impact on rainfed crops including pulses. Reduction in yields due to climate change is prominent, since pulses occupy major area in rainfed situation. Hence the present investigation was carried out to study the impact of climate change on productivity of rainfed pulse and climate resilient technologies in increasing productivity of blackgram under rainfed situation. Mohanur block was purposively selected from Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu for the present study. Demonstrations were conducted in 50 farmer’s field in 3 villages, where climate resilient technologies viz., improved blackgram variety VBN 8, biofertilizer application, pulse wonder spray (@5kg/ha) and trap for reducing pest incidence were included under this study. In terms of yield, farmers received an average yield of 854 - 985kg/ha of blackgram variety VBN 8 against 734 kg/ha of old blackgram VBN 4 variety. The highest gross income of Rs.31200 - 39650/ha were also realized from blackgram followed by VBN 8. Highest benefit-cost ratio (2.9-3.0) was realized in case of blackgram variety VBN 8 compared to farmers practices with old variety (2.2-2.4). Based on the experiment it can be concluded that the cultivation of blackgram VBN 8 recorded more profit. Hence, new blackgram VBN 8 variety in rainfed condition is a viable option for combating negative impacts of climate change. The farmers expressed their preference (per cent) for blackgram variety VBN 8 on the aspects like less pest and disease resistance (83%), grain yield (78%), climate variation resistance (58%), time of maturity (76%), ease of processing during harvesting (89%), socio-cultural compatibility (74%) and market price (65%). Improved crop varieties are widely accepted as primary input for guaranteed increase in production and productivity under various situations

Climate Change: Impact, Issues and Strategies

Agriculture production of India has been continuously rising; however, India still continues to have an alarming figure of undernourished population. Global climate change is widely viewed as one of the most significant challenges society is facing today. Combined with increased competition for land, water and labour from non-food sectors, climate change and associated increase in climatic variability will exacerbate seasonal or annual fluctuations in food yield. There are many options to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change, to minimize risks to agricultural systems. Options range from change in crop management, such as sowing time, stress resistance varieties, change in cropping systems and land use, to adjust to new climates. Government of India through its various schemes are also helping the country to adapt and mitigate the vagaries of climate. CRIDA with the help of NICRA and its climate related studies are identifying and demonstrating various climate resilient technologies to Indian farmers

A Study on Adoption of Climate Resilient Technologies in Adopted Villages of Bandipora District under National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Project

The need to study the extent of adoption of climate resilient technologies (CRTs) under the changing climatic conditions have been at the centre of focus of many extension programmes, aimed at improving livelihood security under the current scenario. The current study was conducted in Bandipora District of Jammu and Kashmir with the objective to investigate the adoption rate of climate resilient technologies of National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Project and to study the adoption behaviour of the beneficiaries of the Project implemented by Krishi Vigyan Kendra of Bandipora. Eighty beneficiaries were selected from 4 strata by proportionate allocation method (PAM). In addition to this, 40 non-beneficiaries were also selected from same villages by simple random sampling technique (RST). The present study investigates the extent to which climate resilient technologies are being adopted by the farmers under the Project National Innovations on Climate Smart Agriculture (NICRA) in the adopted villages of Bandipora District. It further studied the association of personal profile of respondents with the extent of adoption of Climate resilient technologies. A structured interview was employed to obtain data from 120 respondents. Results revealed during the study medium to high levels of adoption by the respondents of climate resilient technologies. The profile characteristics viz. Age, gender, marital status, education, family size, land holding, occupation, annual income, farming experience, trainings attended, extension contacts, information source, scientific orientation, economic motivation and innovativeness had positive and significant association with the extent of adoption of climate resilient technologies by the farmers.

Climate resilient technologies for augmenting livestock production and enhancing farmer’s income under smallholder farming system

Climate resilient technologies for augmenting livestock production and enhancing farmer’s income under smallholder farming system

Impact of NICRA on Cropping Pattern and Extent of Adoption of Climate Resilient Practices on Farmers

Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change and short duration and higher temperatures eventually reduced yields of crops white encouraging weed and pest proliferation. the changes in precipitation patterns increase the likelihood of short- run crop failure and long run production decline Climate resilient technologies are promising tool to guard a farming system from climatic variations. National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) has demonstrated, and promoted application of climate resilient technologies in most vulnerable 100 districts. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Wyra received NICRA project in the year 2010- 2011 to 2110 - 2011. Many climate resilient technologies were briefed to the farmers in the selected villages. The farmers distinguished the demonstrated technologies to the farmers were adopted with ease. Majority of the NICRA beneficiaries have high adoption to the climate resilient technologies while few of non beneficiaries adopted the technologies.

Knowledge Level of NICRA Beneficiaries on Climate Resilient Technologies and Its Relationship with Their Profile Characteristics

Present study was conducted during 2021-22 in four NICRA implementing districts of Madhya Pradesh. Main aim of the study was to know the knowledge level of NICRA beneficiaries regarding climate resilient technologies being advocated by the scientist’s implementing NICRA project in selected Villages. A survey was conducted among randomly selected 300 NICRA beneficiaries with the help of an interview schedule. The findings of the study conclude that knowledge level of respondents benefiting by NICRA has a significant relationship with selected profile characteristics and it also shows that majority of the NICRA farmers (63.0 %) had a medium level knowledge on climate resilient technologies followed by low (23.7 %) and high (13.3 %).Hence there is a need to strengthen capacity building activities targeted to improve the knowledge and skills of adopt climate resilient agricultural technologies for sustainable agriculture. (Randhir Singh et al. (2014).

Problems in the Adoption of Climate-Resilient Technologies by the Farmers of Telangana State, India

Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns. Climate change hasa serious impact on the natural resources available on the earth. Climate change adversely affects human health and quality of life. A majority of the population depends on agriculture directly or indirectly and it is more vulnerable to climate change. To mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, climate-resilient agriculture has become a boon to the farmers in areas that are vulnerable to climatic effects like drought, floods, etc., National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), is a project launched by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with the aim to enhance the resilience of Indian agriculture to climate change and climate variability through strategic research and technology demonstrations. Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) is the main implementing agency of NICRA. With the help of KVKs, the interventions of NICRA were accessible throughout the country. The present study was conducted in the Nalgonda district and Khammam district of Telangana. The ex-post-facto research design was used for the study. A sample of 120 respondents from NICRA implemented villages and 60 farmers from non-NICRA implemented villages were selected randomly for the study. The major problems in the adoption of CRA technologies were limited knowledge of CRA technologies (91.66%) followed by inadequate trainings regarding climate-resilient practices (90.00%),inadequate weather based agro advisory services (88.33%), limited outreach of extension services about climate-resilient technologies to (76.66%), non -availability of required implements in custom hiring centres at the time of heavy demand (73.33%), etc., In case of non-NICRA implemented villages, the major problems faced by the respondents were lack of confidence among the farmers to adopt the new CRA technologies due to the fear of failure (93.33%), lack of awareness on climate-resilient technologies among non-NICRA farmers (90.00%), Difficulty in the understanding of CRA technology (86.67%), adoption of CRA technologies demand more resources like water, labour and money (83.33%), less number of need-based training on CRA technologies (75.00%), lack of access to improved crop varieties and other inputs (70.00%), etc.