Consequences Of Climate Change Research Articles

Examining the confluence of climate change and conflicts on agricultural and livestock exports in Somalia

Climate-induced extreme weather events and conflicts are jointly contributing to disruptions in agricultural supply chains and destabilizing global food trade. Since the literature has identified that variations in climatic conditions hamper farming and animal raising, it is necessary to explore the consequences of climate change on crop and livestock exports in order to implement policies that mitigate the exposure and enhance exports. In this context, this study aims to examine the confluence of climate change and conflicts—internal and external—on agricultural and livestock exports in Somalia during 1985–2017. The evidence from the cointegration analysis verified the presence of a consistent long-run cointegration between the variables. The empirical results of the ARDL approach indicate that average rainfall enhances agricultural and livestock exports in Somalia in the short-run and long-run, while mean temperature particularly hampers agricultural exports in the long-run. Despite livestock production was found to be statistically insignificant, crop production positively contributes to agricultural exports. In addition, increases in rural population enhance both export categories in the short-run and long-run. A striking finding from the study indicates that internal and external conflicts decrease crop and animal exports in the long-run, although the coefficients of external conflicts were statistically insignificant. The long-run findings were validated using the FMOLS cointegration approach. Moreover, the causality findings demonstrate a unidirectional causality from agricultural exports to precipitation, temperature fluctuations, and internal conflicts. Furthermore, the study shows that agricultural labor Granger causes farm and livestock exports. To this end, this study recommends policymakers promote product diversification, foster sustainable land management practices, facilitate market access, and invest in resilient farming systems.

The Last Grand Külliye of Istanbul: The Yeni Valide Mosque Complex and the Little Ice Age

The construction of the Yeni Valide Mosque complex, located on the northern edge of Istanbul’s historical peninsula in the district of Eminönü, began in 1597 under the patronage of Sultan Mehmed III’s mother Safiye Sultan. The project was halted abruptly in 1603 at the foundation phase and stood dormant for almost six decades. Between 1661 and 1663, another royal woman patron, Valide Hatice Turhan, supported the revision and completion of the project. Although scholars have long examined the construction process, architecture, and decoration of the project in detail, I reevaluate our knowledge of the monument based on recent scientific discoveries regarding the climate change phenomenon known as the ‘Little Ice Age’, which reached its peak in the seventeenth century. As we address another major climate change event today, this study provides insight into our understanding of the social, cultural, and historical impacts of such dramatic changes to climate conditions on architectural projects and urban dynamics in the Ottoman Empire.

Climate Change Inculcate Crop Loss and Livelihood: A Case of Drought in Bangladesh

Crop loss is multidimensional and associated with drought and the consequences of climate change. Drought damages crops and make losses to the marginalized people and make them more vulnerable in different channels alike other disasters. The work has been carried out in the Northwest region of Barind in Bangladesh to explore relevant issues that may lead crop damage by frequent drought. Research used various methods in this study to get together both qualitative and quantitative information along with primary and secondary sources. Survey was conducted using semi-structured questionnaire with the sample population. Few selective case studies were made to obtain more information on crop loss and drought. In this study, Ordinary Least Square technique was utilized. The model of crop loss: C= α0 + α1X1 + α2X2 + α3X3 + α4X4 + α5X5 + α6X6 + α7X7 + α8X8 + α9X9 + µ1 The study explored few variables including income of the households, their age, sex and migration that have no important influence on crop production and loss owing to drought. Other variables such as frequency of drought, study areas, sustenance, livelihood and agricultural land have the significant influence on crop loss and livelihood. It was mentioned by the households that frequency of drought is increasing two decades with increase the number of hot days. Result indicates the meaningful relationship between drought frequency and crop losses. Few adaptation measures like re-sowing, early sowing, late planting can reduce crop loss. A wide range of alternatives for livelihood activities such as small business, van pulling, handiworks and seedling production for nursery business were identified by this study. Drought insurance policy, early warning system, future research on emerging issues and local level knowledge are important for climate change adaptation and resilience. IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 7(1): 171-185

Resolution of the bi-objective optimization problem for the dispatch of hydroelectric plants under conditions of low inflow using the NSGA II algorithm

Among the consequences of climate change are increased temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns that bring longer periods of drought. This creates limitations in the administration of hydroelectric plant reservoirs, restricting, in some cases, the amount of electrical energy generated. The objective of this research is to solve the multi-objective optimization problem that seeks to minimize the production of electrical energy from hydroelectric plants with low inflow and, at the same time, minimize electrical rationing due to this low production. As these objectives conflict with each other, it is necessary to apply multi-objective optimization problem-solving methodologies, among which are genetic algorithms. The mathematical model is built considering the operating conditions of the reservoirs of the hydroelectric plants under study, including their minimum operating levels, which are included in the model restrictions. The non-dominated genetic classification algorithm II is used to obtain the Pareto front, which is composed of a total of 78 non-dominated solutions that are useful to manage the considered reservoirs at the time of maximum demand. It is recommended to use other multi-objective optimization algorithms for comparison purposes, selecting the ideal indicators to evaluate the performance of each algorithm used, in addition to incorporating monetary and environmental cost restrictions into the model

Environmental consequences and climate change linked ecotourism activities in remote and protected areas of South Africa

ABSTRACT The research focuses on the current and potential implications of ecotourism activities, and their environmental consequences for climate change and sustainability, in South Africa. By linking data and reports on the Musina Municipality's environmental biodiversity management, ecotourism administration, and local community subsistence issues in Limpopo Province are presented. The methods used include focus group discussions and field observations to examine the municipality's natural and tourism resource management and benchmarking ecotourism, conservation, and environmental degradation in terms of sustainability, sustainable tourism, and responsible tourism within the municipality. A detrimental association was uncovered between rural ecotourism-borne environmental consequences and exercises possessing potential climate change effects. When tourism activities adhere to the ideals of sustainable and responsible tourism, however, ecotourism management can result in sustainability achievements. In conclusion, the article argues environmental sustainability strategies can be achieved while permitting livelihoods.

Impact of Biomass Burning, Wildfires, and Wind Events on Aerosol Optical Depth: Implications for Climate Change

In this article, we describe multiannual variations of the atmospheric aerosol optical depth values in the widely understood area of the Baltic Sea. We present the trends in the changes and depict unusual aerosol situations. As a result of analyses, we focus on 2019, since unusually high values of aerosol optical depth were recorded in several stations around the Baltic. We match the high aerosol levels with an unusually high number of wildfires across Europe in spring and summer, which emitted large quantities of aerosols into the atmosphere that were distributed over vast European areas in part by the wind. We then connect this case with the climate change consequences. Since aerosols influence the radiative budget of the planet by directly affecting the atmospheric radiation budget, it is obvious that human well-being is in danger due to wildfires, as well as from the atmospheric perspective. Climate change will lead to more frequent fires; thus, humans need to develop solutions to decrease the risk of fire outbreaks.

Аномальный грозовой процесс на территории Ростовской области

The work examines the anomalous thunderstorm process that occurred on the territory of the Rostov region on June 27, 2023. This thunderstorm process was observed in other regions of the North Caucasus, but the greatest intensity of thunderstorm activity was observed in the territory of the Rostov region, where the thunderstorm lasted more than a day. The analysis of thunderstorm activity was carried out using data from the lightning direction network of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "High Mountain Geophysical Institute". During the day, about 60,000 lightning strikes were recorded in this territory, of which 7,635 were ground strikes. Of the registered 7635 ground-based lightning discharges in the Rostov region, negative lightning amounted to 6625, and positive lightning – 1010. The share of negative lightning discharges from the total number of ground-based lightning discharges in the specified territory was 87 %. The largest number of negative lightning (more than 70 %) had values up to 20 kA. More than 50 % of positive lightning discharges had values from 21 to 40 kA. The average value of the negative polarity currents was -19.19 kA, and the positive polarity was +39.7 kA. Such a large-scale thunderstorm process is a consequence of regional climate change. When carrying out lightning protection measures for facilities in the Rostov region, it is recommended to take into account abnormal values of thunderstorm activity.

Mitogenomic phylogeny of Nassariidae (Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea)

ABSTRACT Mud snails (family Nassariidae) represent a highly diversified lineage within the superfamily Buccinoidea. Recent molecular phylogenies contradicted in some instances the traditional nassariid classification and revealed important levels of homoplasy in phenotypic characters. In order to clarify the boundaries of the family Nassariidae, as well as to inquire on the diversification of the cosmopolitan Nassariinae, a robust phylogenetic framework is needed. Here, the near-complete mitogenomes of 31 species representing almost all lineages of Nassariidae plus several buccinoid outgroups were sequenced. All mitogenomes of buccinoids shared the same gene order, which is identical to the consensus reported for caenogastropods. The monophyly of Nassariidae as previously defined was not confirmed. The reconstructed phylogeny revealed distant relationships between the genera Cyllene, Anentome, Tomlinia, Engoniophos, Phos and Antillophos and the majority of nassariids, represented by Nassariinae + Bullia. Within Nassariinae, a robust phylogeny, which recognized a total of seven regional groups, was reconstructed. The West Atlantic/Mediterranean genus Tritia was divided into three clades. The biogeographical analysis together with the inferred chronogram suggested that Nassariinae might have originated during the late Paleocene in the Indo-Pacific region. Subsequent climate change and continental drift events triggered diversification within the subfamily, leading to the worldwide distribution of current genera.

Assessing dynamic congestion risks of flood-disrupted transportation network systems through time-variant topological analysis and traffic demand dynamics

Amid escalating climate change and extreme weather events, urban road networks face increasingly severe flood risks. Current congestion risk analyses on transportation systems, largely grounded in static network characteristics, fall short of capturing the dynamic impacts of evolving flood events on network topology. A notable gap in integrating dynamic flood models with detailed temporal network property measurements impedes a deep understanding of the cascading mechanisms of traffic disruptions caused by floods. The research introduces an innovative framework for assessing dynamic congestion risks within transportation networks under flooding conditions. This framework comprises four distinct layers. The Data and Context layer collates and contextualizes primary data, encompassing road networks, commuter behaviour patterns and hydrological risks. This layer establishes a baseline for understanding the structure of the transportation system and its environmental vulnerabilities. The Computation layer focuses on calculating context-based betweenness centrality values to capture the importance of road segments within the network, setting a static indicator. Concurrently, this layer examines the dynamic exposure flag under flood conditions, providing a dynamic indicator that accounts for the fluctuating susceptibility of road networks to flooding. The Integration layer bridges the topological analysis and the functional performance of the transportation system. It creates a dynamic series that describes the topological properties of the network, reflecting its vulnerability to disruptions. Simultaneously, the time-variant traffic demand series are tracked to capture the system’s operational response to flood-induced conditions. Finally, the Evaluation layer synthesizes data and analyses from the previous modules. This synthesis involves a novel dual assessment: generating a time-variant vulnerability index series and evaluating the time-variant congestion risk map on the transportation system under flooding. The London case study is developed based on this proposed framework to identify critical areas of congestion risks. This study offers valuable data-driven insights for urban planning and disaster management, aiding policymakers, planners and emergency teams to enhance urban resilience against flood-induced transport disruptions.

Impact of renewable and non-renewable generation on economic growth in Greece

The consumption of coal, oil, and other fossil fuels has raised concerns about climate change. The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement aimed to address climate change by promoting sustainable clean energy technologies. The UN conference in the United Arab Emirates in December 2023 concluded with an agreement marking the end of the fossil fuel era. All these developments aim to address climate change through the use of clean energy technologies while maintaining economic growth. The connection of climate change with the developing model has gained significant importance on countries’ adjusted plans for climate change. The fossil fuels have a negative impact on economic growth of Greece, implying a continuous dependence from non renewable energy sources and a burden of economic expansion. The reliable estimation of the consequences of climate change on growth, both spatial and temporal, constitutes a decisive parameter for the adjusted plan not only in short term level but also in a long term horizon. Focusing on the improvement of energy efficiency, on the maximization use of renewable energy sources in Greece, on the emphasis given to technologies and fuels storage as well as alternative technologies of energetic and industrial sector, the achievement of energetic and climate transition designed on Greece will be feasible on a long term strategy. The results showed that the growth of renewable energy sources to produce electric energy is necessary for the sustainable growth of Greece. Specifically, the results of ARDL model showed that the renewable energy sources have a positive impact on economic growth in Greece in the long run, and the non-renewable energy sources have a significant effect on economic growth in the short run. These results imply that the aim for investments on renewable energy sources from policy makers should be direct mainly on regions with high levels of carbon dioxide emissions due to lignite combustion.

Sustainable Water Use and Public Awareness in Portugal

The degradation of available water quality is a consequence of pollution, environmental degradation, and/or climate change resulting from human activities. Designing strategies to foster the adoption of sustainable behaviors requires an awareness within populations regarding water quality, water availability, and the proper consumption of water. The goal of the present work was to assess the population awareness of sustainable water usage practices. The data collection involved administering a questionnaire to a sample of 1723 participants, encompassing individuals of both genders and aged between 15 and 84 years. The questionnaire includes five specific themes (i.e., water quality, water availability, water resources, water saving, and water reuse). The outcomes indicate that despite a higher awareness of sustainable water usage practices, participants reveal low levels of awareness regarding water reuse. Furthermore, measures of participants’ overall awareness and the potential for improving it are presented. These metrics are crucial in enabling the grouping of participants according to similar characteristics, thereby streamlining the design of targeted interventions.

Citizens’ assemblies in Brazil: an analysis of the role of mini-publics on building democratic participatory climate public policies

This article aims to explore how Brazilian city-level public officials have used citizens’ assemblies to implement climate policies effectively in communities where other emergencies require political action. We analyze the implementation of citizens’ assemblies on climate change in three Brazilian cities in different regions, with distinct demographic densities, social development rates, and mayors’ political affiliations. Cities are where people experience the most consequences of climate change. In the Brazilian context, the Bolsonaro federal administration has weakened both environmental and citizen participation policies. This adds to previously known challenges for policy making in the issue, including countering the interests of some industries and the construction sector. Citizens’ assemblies are a democratic innovation that promotes the inclusion of the population in the development of public policies, particularly in times of democratic crisis. In this study, we examine the implementation process of citizens’ assemblies in Brazil through interviews and documentary analysis of experiences implemented by the Brazilian NGO Delibera Brasil. This research offers valuable insights into the role of citizens’ assemblies as catalysts for informed and participatory climate policymaking in Brazilian municipalities.

CONTENT ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL NEWS ABOUT THE HEAT WAVES IN INDIA

Objective: The objective of this study is to present how heat waves in India are discussed by the media, to observe if they are being related to climate change. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework for this study is based on the intersection of media studies, climate science, and disaster management. Method: This study employs content analysis to examine how heat waves in India are discussed in the media, particularly in relation to climate change. It was studied 100 news available on-line in Google News. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that while climate change is frequently mentioned in the context of heat waves, the depth and context of these mentions vary significantly. Media reports tend to focus on immediate impacts such as health issues and infrastructure disruptions. For instance, there were numerous mentions of heat-related deaths, hospitalizations, and interruptions in water and electricity supplies. However, there was less emphasis on long-term solutions and comprehensive adaptation strategies. Research Implications: This study highlights the importance of media coverage in shaping public understanding and policy responses to climate change and extreme weather events. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a detailed analysis of how heat waves in India are framed in the media, particularly in relation to climate change.

Understanding climate damages: Consumption versus investment

Existing climate-economy models assume climate change has equal impacts on the productivity of firms that produce consumption and investment goods and services. We develop a model of structural change to show that the split between damage to consumption and investment productivity matters for the aggregate consequences of climate change. When investment is more vulnerable to climate, we find smaller short-run consumption losses than leading models suggest, but larger long-run consumption losses. We provide a quantitative illustration of these effects for one type of climate damage in the US economy: labor productivity losses from heat stress. We find that accounting for heterogeneous damages increases the welfare cost of the climate damage from heat stress by approximately 4 to 23%, depending on the discount factor.

Framing Migration as Adaptation: IOM’s Aspirations to Manage Climate Migration

ABSTRACT At the 2010 UNFCCC Conference in Cancún, migration as a consequence of climate change entered the Cancún Adaptation Framework. It did so in a specific way, being framed as an adaptation strategy to climate change. The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) backed the framing of migration as an adaptation early on and pushed for its inclusion in Cancún. Through the analysis of 121 documents and six expert interviews, this article traces how IOM’s identity and interest shape how the organisation deploys the adaptation framing. Climate migration is traditionally situated beyond IOM’s mandate; however, the organisation was present in the institutional process through which the adaptation framing emerged and now carries out operational projects related to the topic. This article shows how IOM uses the adaptation framing to reassert its own aspiration to manage climate migration and assert itself as the dominant migration agency.

Wpływ zmian klimatu na środowisko zabudowane

We are currently in the period of an intensive climate change, resulting from changes in the heat balance of the earth’s surface and causing an increase in the temperature of the lower troposphere levels. According to the latest IPCC report of 2021, it is human activity that has indisputably caused the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, responsible for this process. The consequences of climate change under Polish conditions, apart from a rise in temperature especially in the spring and winter months, are also changes in the amount and distribution of precipitation totals. A slight increase in precipitation totals is observed, however heavy rainfall is significantly more frequent, interspersed with periods of droughts and heatwaves. Ground frost-free periods are prolonged, and a negative trend in the duration and thickness of snow cover is recorded in most parts of the country. Although extreme phenomena occurring in Poland are permanently inscribed in its climatic conditions, the threat of strong winds has been increasing in recent years, and the intense precipitation that often accompanies them is the cause of peak discharges and flooding. Forecasts for progressive climate change are not optimistic, either on a global scale or for the country in question. The article examines the impact of climate change on the design, construction and maintenance of engineering structures globally and for Poland. Changes in design standards, selected examples of disasters and solutions to adapt and build resilience to climate change have been analysed. For most building disasters, climatic factors were the direct cause of the disaster, although in the course of the analysis it has usually turned out that the disasters exposed human errors in the design, construction and, to a lesser extent, the improper maintenance of engineering structures. However, there is an increasing number of new approaches to creating a climate change resilient built environment, including the latest one, which proposes to use the grey infrastructure of cities to build resilience to climate change.

Global exposure to climate change at a subnational jurisdiction level

In the context of climate change, there is a need to identify the most vulnerable "hotspots" to the various risks that should attract the most attention from analysts and decision-makers. In this paper, we focus on territories’ exposure to the main consequences of climate change, considering both intensity and the level of physical exposure to main climate change hazards. We propose a composite indicator that can be computed globally but at the sub-national level, covering 47,138 administrative units in the World (all land but Antarctica). It should be helpful as a first step to assess risks for countries characterized by high geoclimatic diversity but also transboundary risks. It would help identify the most vulnerable subnational administrative units and serve as one tool for adaptation planning.

Bibliometric analysis and literature review on maritime transport resilience and its associated impacts on trade

ABSTRACT This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and literature review on maritime transport resilience and its impact on international trade. It categorizes and benchmarks risks affecting maritime transport resilience, including climate change, geopolitical conflicts, and public health events. Previous research focuses on climate change-related risks, primarily sea-level rise and storms, evolving from qualitative to quantitative methods. Research on public health events, especially pandemics, has emerged, highlighting global supply chain resilience and maritime transport. However, more comprehensive economic evaluations utilizing analytical models and simulations are needed to assess costs and benefits of adaptation strategies. Limited research exists on geopolitical risks and their impact on maritime transport resilience and international trade, with fragmented studies lacking attention in this critical research direction. Recent conflicts like the Sino-US trade conflict, Russia-Ukraine war, and Israeli-Palestinian conflict have profoundly affected maritime transport resilience, international trade, and the global economy. Future studies should prioritize economic implications of maritime transport resilience, particularly regarding geopolitical risks. In-depth economic evaluations, analytical modeling, and numerical simulations are necessary to inform policymakers and industry practitioners for enhancing resilience in the maritime shipping sector. The study offers valuable insights, guiding further investigations and contributing to the development of a robust global supply chain.

Tackling climate change: Agroforestry adoption in the face of regional weather extremes

The cultivation of agroforestry systems is regarded as an effective strategy that can help synergistically mitigate and adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and regional extreme weather events. This study addresses the question of whether, and under what conditions, farmers are likely to adopt agroforestry systems in response to regional weather extremes and presents a novel research approach to tackle this question. A discrete choice experiment was conducted to elicit farmers’ preferences for agroforestry and wood-based land use systems. The results were combined with geospatial weather information. Assuming adaptive weather expectations, land users’ dynamic responses to extreme weather were simulated in terms of adoption probabilities. Farmers in the case study region in southeastern Germany were found to have a negative preference for alley cropping systems (i.e. agroforestry) and short rotation coppice, compared to an exclusively crop-based land use system. However, the results from the simulation of a 2018-like extreme weather event showed that alley cropping has a high probability of being adopted in the long-term. This study provides novel insights into the adaptive uptake of climate-resilient agroforestry systems. This information can be used to develop more effective policies and programs to promote agroforestry as a climate-resilient land-use strategy.

Public preferences and willingness to pay for a net zero NHS: a protocol for a discrete choice experiment in England and Scotland

IntroductionClimate change poses a major threat to our health, livelihoods and the planet. In 2020, the UK National Health Service (NHS) committed to reducing its Scope 1, 2 and 3...