Clean Filter Research Articles

PERENCANAAN RUMAH TAHFIDZPRENEUR DI DESA CIBADAK, CARIU, BOGOR, JAWA BARAT, INDONESIA

Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur in Cibadak Village, Cariu, Bogor, West Java requires assistance in the planning process. This community service is motivated by the society's intention to build a tahfidz facility on land of approximately 5,200 m2 in Cibadak Village, Cariu, Bogor. The land is located in a residential area that is ideal for building a Tahfidz House. Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur will be built with guesthouse dormitory facilities, owner's house, farm, prayer room, multipurpose room, library, informal class, cooperative, and management office. The design recommendation is to divide these spaces into public, semi-public, private, and service areas. The main access is on the main road side, the public area is adjacent to this side. The private area is on the back side to ensure privacy. The service area is also on the back side. The middle part is filled with a semi-public area. The distant water source creates obstacles to water distribution and it is recommended to install a centrifugal pump so that water distribution is smooth. The results of physical and chemical tests on the water on the Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur land show that the water meets household standards but it is necessary to install a filter in the water reservoir so that the water is free of bacteria. Keywords: Rumah Tahfidzpreneur Annur, site concept, water distribution, clean water filter

Predicting the impact of underwater skimming on dissolved oxygen consumption in slow sand filters for potable water treatment

In a well-functioning slow sand filter (SSF), dissolved oxygen (DO) is crucial for enabling aerobic processes and microbiota growth. Given that DO supply is predominantly via the feed water, flow pauses (e.g., during cleaning) may trigger anoxic/anaerobic conditions in the stagnant filter bed. Underwater skimming (UWS) is an advanced cleaning technique that employs a skimmer with a shrouded blade, mounted on a mobile platform, to remove the fouling layer composed of sand and particles in order to improve the efficiency of slow sand filtration. As UWS results in changes to the flow pattern of the SSF, a mathematical model was developed to predict DO utilization after a flow perturbation associated with UWS operation. The model was based on a depth resolved measurement of specific oxygen utilization derived from a full scale SSF. Pilot plant experiments monitored DO in the feed and filtrate of SSFs cleaned using underwater and conventional dry skimming techniques. The highest oxygen utilization was in the Schmutzdecke layer, with additional demand imposed by the presence of a granular activated carbon (GAC) sandwich layer. It was observed that pseudo-steady state conditions occurred following filter ripening, where DO utilization, driven by biological activity, remained relatively constant regardless of filter cleaning technique. For flow pauses between three and 24 h, the pause duration's importance decreased, while the hydraulic loading rate became the critical factor for DO recovery in the filter. Additionally, introducing a ‘sweetening flow’ during UWS ensured a continuous DO supply, facilitating quicker DO replenishment post-cleaning. The model reliably predicted filtrate DO within ±0.6 mg/L, demonstrating its operational utility, especially in the optimisation of UWS methodology. As such, UWS can be applied to clean SSFs with the methodology modified to prevent any detrimental effects to DO management within the filter. This study predicted DO dynamics in SSFs, advancing UWS techniques and could be applied for enhancing water treatment strategies by filtration.

Validation of an FT-IR microscopy method for the monitorization of microplastics in water for human consumption in Portugal: Lisbon case study.

The growing anthropogenic contamination of natural water by microplastics (MPs) confirms the urgent need to preserve this precious resource. MPs are part of the group of contaminants of emerging concern, and the occurrence studies in surface water and water for human consumption (WHC) are mandatory for environmental and human health risk assessment. This study aims to optimize and validate a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method coupled with optical microscopy (micro-FTIR) in transmission mode to monitor MPs in WHC. Water sample (250mL; without sample pre-treatment) was filtered through 5µm silicon filters. The infrared spectra identification was performed by OMNIC mathematical correlation, using various spectra libraries for polymers (including the in-house IR spectra library), a background reading on a clean silicon filter, and an aperture of 100µm × 100µm. The validated method showed good accuracy, with an average recovery for representative polymers of 91%, a relative standard deviation of 13%, and a reporting limit (RL) of 44 MPs/L. Sixty WHC samples from the Lisbon water supply system showed MPs ranging from 0 (< RL) to 934 MPs/L, with an average value of 309 MPs/L. The most representative polymers were polyethylene (PE, 76.8%), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 6.9%), polypropylene (PP, 6%), polystyrene (PS, 4%), and polyamide (PA,4%). In terms of size, the microplastic particles had an average length and width of 76µm and 39µm, respectively.

Pariwisata, Masyarakat dan Kebudayaan: Studi Antropologi Pariwisata Pantai Marina di Pajukukang Bantaeng, Sulawesi Selatan

This article discusses the development of tourism with an anthropological approach to tourism in the Marina Pajujukang Bantaeng Beach, South Sulawesi. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Government efforts in developing marina beach tourism are trying to improve the human resources of the village of Baruga by conducting socialization and trying to complete facilities incomplete such as clean water filter (2) Community involvement in tourism development by supporting government programs for the advancement of marina beach tourism objects and participating directly in the development of Marina beach such as being a builder at the beginning of Marina beach construction until the Marina beach is like being security officer, janitor and waitress at a hotel in the Marina beach area. (3) The impacts felt by the community in developing the Marina beach are two, namely in the economic field for example increasing community income, opening new jobs and opening business opportunities for the Baruga village community while in the socio-cultural field there are two impacts namely positive and negative impacts. An example of the positive impact is the increasing public insight about tourist culture through the temporary negative impact that is starting to affect the local community on the culture of tourists who come to visit the Marina beach. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The data obtained is then processed using data analysis techniques such as data reduction, data presentation and conclusion making. And also the data validation using Member Check. From the results of research that has been found it seems that every development of tourism needs to be involved by all groups, especially the community, not just prioritizing investors. Because the essence of the success of the trip tour if the surrounding community enjoys economic results.

Mathematical modelling of impurity deposition during evaporation of dirty liquid in a porous material

When a contaminated liquid evaporates from within a porous material, the impurities or dirt accumulate and deposit within the pore space. This occurs during the cleaning of filters and fouling of textiles, and is related to the ‘coffee-ring’ problem. To investigate how and where dirt is deposited in the pore space, we present a model for the motion of an evaporation front through a porous material, and the related accumulation, transport, and deposition of dirt, assuming that the liquid remains stationary. For physically relevant parameters, vapour transport out of the porous material is quasi-steady and we derive a single ordinary differential equation describing the motion of the evaporation front in time. Model solutions exhibit spatially non-uniform profiles of the deposited dirt-layer thickness through the porous material. The dirt accumulation and evaporation problems are coupled: deposited dirt hinders vapour transport through the porous material, slowing the evaporation. We identify two scenarios in which the porous material becomes clogged with dirt. Accumulation of suspended dirt at the evaporating interface along with slow dirt diffusion results in the deposited dirt layers clogging the pores at the evaporating interface, halting the drying and trapping liquid in the porous material. Alternatively, slow dirt deposition results in the suspended dirt being pushed far into the porous material by the evaporation, eventually leaving only dirt (with no liquid) in the pore space. We investigate the dynamics of both clogging scenarios, characterising the parameter regimes for which each occurs. Both clogging scenarios must be avoided in practice since they may be detrimental to future filter efficacy or textile breathability.

One‐Dimensional View of the Structural Changes in the Filtering Layer during Continuous Dust Deposition – A New Approach to a Holistic View of the Filtration Process

AbstractThe overall filtration process is viewed from a new perspective: There is a continuous, systematic change in the structure of the active deposition zone of a given filter layer, here as the so‐called active filtering layer. During the overall filtration process, the filtering layer is transformed from the initial clean filter medium, via continuous particle deposition under the given filtration conditions, to a new, dynamically preserved stable porous structure, i.e. the active deposition zone on the upstream side of the dust cake. Based on 3D simulations of cake formation on model filters for fabric filters, 1D deposition profiles during the continuous filtration process are evaluated and converted into a dimensionless form, to describe the structural changes in the filtering layer. The stable 1D deposition profile during the phase of surface filtration can be well described with a logistic function.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF RAW MILK FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF PRIMARY MILK PROCESSING

As you know, the quality of milk cannot be improved during its processing, therefore the milk quality management system at production facilities should be focused on high-tech processes of its production. It has been scientifically proven that the process of obtaining and collecting milk, its primary processing, storage and transportation are the least controlled production processes. Therefore, the study of the milking technology impact and primary processing on the quality of the obtained milk remains relevant. An analysis of production and primary processing of milk was carried out at the farm of “Lany Vinkovechchyny” LLC in Khmelnytskyi region, and in order to improve the quality of the obtained milk raw materials, it was proposed to optimize the technology of primary processing of milk, in particular, to supplement the traditional scheme of primary purification with a fine filter. It was established that there is a dependence between the quality of raw milk and the technology of primary processing, so with successive purification of milk with a filter of coarse and then fine purification, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms (KMAFAnM) in milk was at the level of 228 thousand CFU /cm3, which corresponds to the highest grade, at the same time, during one-time filtration in a closed flow with a coarse filter, the milk contained 332 thousand CFU /cm3, which is according to DSTU 3662:2018. corresponds only to the first kind indicator. After double filtration, only 259,000/cm3 somatic cells were found in the milk samples, which is 27.6% less than in the milk samples that underwent single purification. The proposed measures to improve the quality and safety of raw milk through the consistent use of filters for coarse and fine primary cleaning made it possible to increase the quality of milk and increase financial income for the farm.

Sunlight-Driven Self-Cleaning Ultrafine Particulate Matter Filter with Antibacterial Activity.

Air pollution by particulate matter (PM) and airborne pathogens causes severe health problems in the human body. Presently, popular disposable air filters yield huge waste and have a fatal impact on the environment. Postuse cleaning of air filters also leads to secondary air and water pollution. Here, we report a sunlight-driven self-cleaning PM filter by coupling a full-solar-spectrum-active photocatalyst comprising up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) decorated with semiconductor iron(III) oxide (UCNP@α-Fe2O3) shells stabilized upon graphene functionalized borosilicate fibrous membrane (rGO-BF). While rGO-BF ensures high PM adsorption, UCNP@α-Fe2O3 (NP) enables self-photodegradation of adsorbed PM under abundant sunlight and subsequent membrane regeneration, while preventing secondary air or water pollution. Rational surface chemistry and optimal microstructure enable our filters to remove >99% of PM2.5 under deplorable air-quality conditions. Moreover, our filter shows excellent antibacterial activity toward E. coli and S. aureus, demonstrating its potential for practical utilization in face masks, air filtering devices, and protective medical wear. This work successfully suggests an intriguing design platform for self-sustainable zero-waste air filter membranes.

Filter Cleaning System Modification to Improve Dust Colletor

The filter cleaning system is part of the dust collector which functions as a filter between dirty air and clean air. Blockage of the dust collector is due to a lack of maintenance to control the performance of filter cleaning components such as valves, jetspray tubes and bagcloth. Another cause is the less than optimal air pressure from the jetspray to dislodge the dust adhering to the bagcloth. So it is necessary to recondition both the layout of the filter cleaning components and the optimization of jet spray pressure. Determination of the capacity of the jetspray tube is adjusted to the specifications of the compressor and uses the ASME VIII Div I (Pressure Vessel) standard with dimensions of 1400mm x 8inch SCH20. The feasibility test of the jetspray tube is carried out by calculating the allowable thickness and the factor of safety based on the pressure operated on the jetspray tube. Determining the location of the filter cleaning components is based on aspects that make it easier for the operator to carry out the maintenance so that the performance of the filter cleaning components can be controlled properly. Based on the stress simulation using solidworks 2020 for the SCH20 pipe which has a thickness of 6.35mm operated with a pressure of 7 bar it is categorized as safe to use.

Thermally efficient gas turbine with pressure drop-based automated filter cleaning and optimized fuel control system

Optimizing elements like fuel specifications and inlet–outlet conditions is essential for enhancing gas turbine performance. Prior research optimized filter house pressure drop using statistical methods, but these methods had drawbacks related to measurement errors. Additionally, with changing air conditions, periodic-based cleaning for self-cleaning pulse filters at the turbine inlet proved unsuccessful, making the procedure difficult and time-consuming. A novel “Thermally Efficient Gas Turbine with Pressure Drop-Based Automated Filter Cleaning and Optimized Fuel Control System” has been suggested to improve gas turbine performance. To handle pressure drop effectively, this cutting-edge system adds a predictive Apriori-based parallel auto-cleaning pulse filter, with automatic cleaning activated at a predetermined pressure difference. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-multi-layer perceptron integrated simulated annealing-Levenberg Marquardt algorithm has been created to handle mistakes in prediction and improve turbine parameters for greater energy efficiency. This complete strategy considerably increases energy efficiency while also improving air pressure drop prediction. A 200 MW power output, 70 % energy efficiency, 1.3 kg/kW-h fuel consumption, a small residual error (−0.4 mbar), and a pressure difference of only 3 mbar are just a few of the model's excellent performance indicators.

Machine Learning tool to prevent and control Bag Filter clogging

Filter clogging represents a crucial issue in industrial filtration systems, and it can lead to various problems, such as reduced filtration efficiency, increased maintenance costs, and potential production disruptions. This paper presents a Machine Learning (ML) integrated solution, developed using Python, within a digital environment system created using LabVIEW to prevent and control filter clogging. The primary objective is to optimize the monitoring, control, and maintenance of a Bag Filter pilot plant. The digital environment incorporates a data comparison tool that trigger a compressor for filter cleaning. A Machine Learning algorithm has been integrated into the digital environment, where a comparison within real data acquired and the predicted one were performed to validate the selected algorithms and evaluate the Data Comparison tool. This initial phase's outcomes were used to develop a control system using LabVIEW software. The software compares estimated pressure drop values, reflecting optimal working conditions, with directly recorded pressure drop values. If the difference exceeds 10% of the optimal pressure drop, the controller activates a compressed air cleaning system, removing excess dust from the filter sleeves using an air jet. Additionally, when the estimated and acquired values diverge consistently over a 60-minute period, a user warning is triggered for filter sleeve replacement. Several tests were conducted at different air inlet velocities to assess the error between acquired and predicted data. The results indicated that the ML algorithm's error distribution remained below 5% for approximately 80% of the cases.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Teknologi Tepat Guna Melalui Instalasi Pengolahan Air Bersih Skala Rumah Tangga di Dusun Kulim Jaya Kabupaten Rokan Hulu

This community service aims to increase the knowledge and skills of Kulim Jaya Village residents in making simple clean water filters on a household scale so that they can get access to clean water more easily. The method of implementing this service used participatory training. The service evaluation instrument was an observation sheet and was analyzed descriptively. The results of this service showed that this simple household-scale clean water filter was able to overcome clean water problems, and there was an increase in residents' knowledge and skills in making clean water filter equipment to overcome clean water difficulties. This simple, clean water filter tool makes it easier for the people of Kulim Jaya Village residents to obtain and increase clean water for their daily needs.

Study of possibilities of cleaning of mechanical filters of baromembrane plants

The appearance of contamination on the membrane and filters, which significantly reduces the efficiency of operation (separation efficiency, water permeate flow, salt rejection) and the service life of a reverse osmosis plant, is one of the most urgent problems that arise during water treatment using this plant. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to find optimal methods for cleaning and regeneration of mechanical filters of reverse osmosis plants. The solution to this problem is carried out by means of an empirical analysis of available scientific information and conducting laboratory studies on cartridge cleaning and infiltrate processing. A cycle of experiments on cleaning of used mechanical filters of reverse osmosis in a specially assembled plant with a gradual increase in the concentration of sulphuric acid has been conducted. According to the observations during laboratory research, effective removal of dissolved iron from the solution used to wash contaminated polystyrene filters begins at pH = 4 and up to pH = 10, but at pH = 4 the settling and filtering take 24 hours, and at pH = 10 this process takes no more than an hour. As a result of further research, the most effective hydrogen indicator for settling and almost complete removal of iron from the solution is 4.5. Further increase of the hydrogen indicator to 10 is ineffective. In addition to the chemical method of neutralising the mother solution, the use of electrodialysis is also advisable, while the use of electrolyser with a lead anode would be the best option. Thus, after cleaning of one mechanical filter, almost 80 g of pure gypsum is obtained. This gypsum can serve as a highquality cement additive or be used for the production of internal cladding plates. Clean water obtained during the process can be used for subsequent cycles of other mechanical filters cleaning

Inhibition of Dust Re-Deposition for Filter Cleaning Using a Multi-Pulsing Jet

The re-deposition of detached dust during online pulse-jet cleaning is an important issue encountered during filter regeneration. To reduce dust re-deposition, multi-pulsing jet cleaning schemes were designed and experimentally tested. A pilot-scale pulse-jet cleaning dust collector was built with one vertically installed pleated filter cartridge. The effects of pulse duration and interval on the pulse pressure were tested, and the dust re-deposition rate and mechanism were studied and analyzed. It was found that, for the single-pulsing jet, the pulse duration had a critical value of approximately 0.080 s in this test, above which the pulse pressure remained at approximately 0.75 kPa and did not increase further. For the multi-pulsing jet with a small pulse interval (less than approximately 0.10 s), the pulse flows superimposed and reached a higher pulse pressure with a slight inhibition of dust re-deposition. For the multi-pulsing jet with a long pulse interval (over 0.15 s), dust re-deposition was clearly inhibited. The re-deposition rate decreased from 63.8% in the single-pulsing scheme to 24.4% in the multi (five)-pulsing scheme with the same total pulse duration of 0.400 s. The multi-pulsing scheme lengthens the duration of reverse pulse flow, resulting in more elapsed time for the detached dust to freely fall, and inhibiting the re-deposition of dust. The elapsed time in the five-pulsing jet scheme with the recommended pulse duration of 0.080 s and interval of 0.25 s was 2.8 times higher than that of the single-pulsing jet with the same total pulse duration.

Real-time data driven maximisation of carbonatation filter bank throughput

Volumetric throughput at the carbonatation filters at Malalane white sugar refinery was identified as a bottleneck. Scheduling filter cleaning was found to be one of the major concerns. The maximisation of the throughput via scheduling was approached by data integration and modelling. Linear regressions of the process parameters were implemented in volume space, which allows for the prediction of the remaining run duration of each filter. These predictions are continually used as an input to an algorithm that creates a schedule. The calculations are conducted in the cloud on real-time data and the predictions reported to a web-based user interface for the plant operator to use.

Experimental study on the effect of loading and regeneration for an optimized management of the DPF

Limits imposed by worldwide emission regulations on particulate emission from diesel engine exhaust resulted in the employment of filters to cut down pollutants to acceptable values after they are produced into the cylinders. The management of the entire system engine + aftertreatment demonstrated to play a fundamental role in order to ensure compliance with the increasingly stringent emission limits.This paper is devoted to investigate in detail the role of the engine operative conditions on the filter behavior during the loading phase and to analyze how the regeneration strategy affects the filter efficiency and its pressure drop during the subsequent loading phase. These aspects retain a relevant role in the light of the new limits for particle emission from the tailpipe related not only to the number of particles but also to the cut point for PN measurement, which will be lowered from the current 23 nm–10 nm (PN10).Testing was performed on a Euro6 engine; the results highlight that the specific engine operation deeply affects the filter loading process, with differences in the pressure drop trend (both in the shape and in the values) and in the DPF efficiency. The filter efficiency, once the regeneration event is completed, depends on the regeneration strategy: when the clean filter condition is restored, a slow increase of filtration efficiency is observed; when the regeneration event does not restore the clean filter status, the subsequent loading process is characterized by better filtration properties. The obtained findings represent additional useful information to account for in the procedure devoted to define the optimal strategy to manage the engine: the regeneration events should be planned not only by considering the pressure drop across the filter but accounting also for the filtration performance once the regeneration is completed, thus to define the optimal strategy to manage the engine + aftertreatment able to comply with the new stringent limits on tailpipe particles and to reduce fuel consumption and oil dilution.

Empirical study of the effect of the air filter on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine

The results of an experimental study of the effect of the pressure drop of the air filter pf on the operat-ing parameters and exhaust emissions of a modern CI internal combustion engine of a truck equipped with an electronically controlled power system are presented. The tests were carried out for an air filter with a clean filter cartridge Δpf0 = 0,58 kPa and with a cartridge contaminated after a service mileage (about 50 thousand km) ΔpfD = 2,024 kPa. In each test, engine performance, exhaust emissions and relative change in emissions were determined: CO, NOx, HC, CO2, H2O. It was found that an increase in the filter resistance pf causes a decrease in the filling degree by 12%, engine useful power by almost 10%, exhaust gas temperature by a maximum of 30oC and an increase in specific fuel consumption by almost 5%. Air filter resistance has no significant effect on NOx emissions and HC concentration. There is a reduction in H2O emissions by up to 7%, CO by up to 13% and CO2 by up to 4%, and an increase in oxygen emissions by 15%, depending on operating conditions.

Structural Optimization of High-Pressure Polyethylene Cyclone Separator Based on Energy Efficiency Parameters

The high-pressure polyethylene process uses cyclone separators to separate ethylene gas, polyethylene, and its oligomers. The oligomers larger than 10 microns that cannot be separated must be filtered through a filter to prevent them from entering the compressor and affecting its normal operation. When the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator is low, the filter must be cleaned more frequently, which will reduce production efficiency. Research shows that improving the separation efficiency of the separator is beneficial for the separation of small-particle oligomers and reduces the frequency of filter cleaning. For this reason, Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were performed for 27 sets of cyclone separators to determine the effects of eight structural factors (cylinder diameter, cylinder height, cone diameter, cone height, guide vane height, guide vane angle, exhaust pipe extension length, and umbrella structure height) on separation efficiency and pressure drop. The equations for separation efficiency and pressure drop using these eight factors and the equations based on energy-efficiency parameters were determined. The optimization analysis showed that separation efficiency can be improved by 98.7% under the premise that the pressure drop is only increased by 8.2%. By applying the improved structure to the high-pressure polyethylene process, separation efficiency is increased by 17.7%, which could effectively reduce the frequency of filter cleaning for this process, and thereby greatly improve production efficiency.

Failure Analysis of Fuel System Main Engine Fishing Vessel (Case Study : KM. Sumber Mutiara)

Failure analysis on the fishing vessel's main engine is one of the works that must be completed because it is crucial for the operation of the ship. Analysis of determining the cause and effect of the failure main engine fuel system is the goal of this study. FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) is a method used to determine priority components in failure. The use of Pareto diagrams is an additional method of analysis. RCFA (Root Cause Failure Analysis) is used to analyze the root cause of the failure of the main engine fuel system. The results obtained are the injector component (168) is the component that has the highest RPN value and is the largest contributor to failure according to the Pareto diagram. The root of the failure identified is the lack of checking before operating. The results of the recommendations obtained are the use of corrective maintenance based on the RPN value and the use of a clean filter for the fuel system. The injector is a component that needs to be maintained so as not to experience a fuel system failure on the main engine. The impact of the results of this study is that it becomes a scientific finding using FMEA and RCFA as a method of analyzing failures in the main engine fuel system on fishing vessels

Численное моделирование разрушения льда газодинамической струей

When operating gas compressor stations during heavy snowfalls, uncontrolled formation of ice build-up on the filters of air-purifying devices (ACDs) can occur, which leads to accidents and downtime. Previously, it was proposed to use a gas-dynamic system for cleaning gas-permeable deformable surfaces (GPDS) to clean HEU filters. An experimental setup has been created. The paper discusses numerical modeling of ice destruction on the gas turbine engine. To destroy ice, the energy of a gas-dynamic jet is used, modeled as a short-term pulse. The study is carried out in a 3D setting, taking into account the suction flow pressure and the interaction of the deformable substrate with the ice crust. The results obtained were verified. The research is carried out using ANSYS Explicit Dynamics on the high-performance computing complex of PNRPU. The main results on the influence of a gas-dynamic jet on the cleaning ability of a gas turbine engine are presented