Cleaning Machine Research Articles

Recent investigation on VHF sound exposure sources around us

We have reported recent investigation of sound exposure sources in very-high frequency (VHF) region as the activities for research project of VHF sounds in Japan. Recently, the devices which utilize or generate VHF sounds as like rodent repelling devices, ultrasonic cleaning machines, IH cookers and corner sensors of automobile continue to increase in public space or our living environment. The VHF sounds in high level have physical or/and psychological effects for young people who can hear such sounds. So, in environment around us, we identified VHF sound sources using acoustic camera and measured the sound pressure level for such sources. In this paper, we introduce newly-discovered several VHF sounds: for example, ultrasounds from corner sensors of automobile car, VHF sounds from photovoltaic installation and VHF sounds of interior train, and so on. From both the results measured by acoustic camera and microphones show source positions and frequency characteristics of VHF sounds. However these play important role in our life environment, we need to note that these contain potential hazard for young people who can hear such VHF sounds.

Towards cleaner machining: Experimental investigation of collagen-in-water as a novel type of metalworking fluids – A technical feasibility study

Driven by environmental challenges, health concerns and increasing legislative restrictions, a high demand for research regarding alternative metalworking fluids (MWFs) to substitute the conventional mineral oil-containing fluids emerges. In recent years, bio-based fluids have continuously gained attention, as their usage could mitigate the disadvantages of conventionally used fluids, which usually contain mineral oil. Against this background, this research aims to contributing towards biological MWFs by investigating the technical applicability of collagen-in-water fluids through evaluations and comparisons with MWFs. The analyzed bio-based MWF is based on collagen-hydrolysate powder dissolved in water, with collagen acting as a viscosity-increasing additive. The prepared fluids were investigated regarding their viscosity and tribological behavior in cylinder-on-ring experiments as well as tapping-torque tests. Afterwards, first machining experiments were performed for honing and grinding of hardened steel. Force-led cylinder-on-ring experiments show a significant wear reduction, e.g. a value of 13.4 mm2 at 3 wt.% collagen compared to 33.0 mm2 with pure distilled water. Wear further decreased with increasing collagen content. At 3 wt.% and again compared to pure water, tapping torque was reduced by 29 % to 181.7 N·cm, no further torque reduction was observed with increasing collagen concentration. In honing, roughness was reduced using collagen-in-water, however, an 8 wt.% collagen fluid resulted in an 18 % reduction in material removal rate compared to honing oil. In internal grinding, an 8 wt.% collagen fluid achieved an Ra of approximately 0.8 μm, compared to around 0.55 μm with emulsion. The application results demonstrate a high potential for collagen-in-water fluids, however, adjustments are necessary for obtaining competitive fluids.

Microscopic impacts of ultrasonic vibration on interfacial strength of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites are used in aerospace and deep-space exploration equipment because of their extremely high strength and thrust-to-weight ratios; however, the differences in the properties of the reinforcement and matrix materials in this type of composites have restricted their applications. The ultrahigh-frequency vibration characteristics of ultrasonic vibration processing technology can effectively solve the above bottlenecks, but the effect of high-frequency vibration on the interfacial properties of SiCp/Al composites is still unclear. The effects of ultrasonic vibration on the interface strength of composites were analyzed from a microscale perspective by means of single particle push-out Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and tests under different conditions. The results show that the interface strength is negatively correlated with particle size but positively correlated with ultrasonic amplitude, with a maximum increase of about 51% relative to no ultrasound. Brittle-plastic transition was observed on the surface of particles with high interface strength, and lateral microcracks due to stress concentration were present on the surface of particles with low interface strength. Higher strains and grain refinement were obtained for larger amplitudes, and stacking faults and tangle dislocations appeared on the side of the interface layer close to the Al matrix. The results provide potential insights to improve the micromechanical and mechanical properties of SiCp/Al composites, enhance the longevity of the materials, and realize the sustainable use of resources by expanding the efficient, precise, and clean machining of such materials.

Performance assessment of the multi-nozzle injection MQL system for cleaner machining of hardened AISI D2 steel concerning power consumption

ABSTRACT Sustainable hard machining is a pressing need in manufacturing industries for techno-social, economic and environmental benefits to machine difficult-to-cut materials. Thus the present study investigates finish turning of hardened AISI D2 steel using a MTCVD coated carbide insert (TiN-TiCN-Al2O3) with geometry CNMG120408FW and grade WK05CT under a multi-nozzle MQL system using LRT 30 mineral oil (50 ml/hr flow rate, 6 bar compressed air pressure, 30 mm nozzle distance from tool tip) for minimal quantity lubrication at both the rake and flank zones for assessment of machinability. Flank wear lies between 0.79 and 0.155 mm and within the failure criterion limit of 0.2 mm. Arithmetic surface roughness trials have been within 0.361–0.877 microns and within the 1.6 microns acceptable range. The cutting temperature has been between 80.7°C and 226.9°C and even below 200°C in the majority of runs. The cutting power lies within 0.432kW–0.804kW. The optimal parametric combination has been found to be d=0.1 mm, f=0.05 mm/rev and v=80 m/min respectively and improvement has been observed over dry cutting. RSM models are found to be statistically significant. Application of multi-nozzle MQL in machining of hardened steel outperformed through machinability assessment and may be adopted in shopfloor for sustainability..

Effects of magnetic intensity on the machining quality and tool damage in nickel-based superalloys subjected to magnetic-assisted cutting

Nickel-based superalloys are widely used in engine components due to their excellent high-temperature strength. However, their low plasticity and low thermal conductivity pose significant challenges in machining, leading to poor quality of machined parts and severe tool wear. Magnetic-assisted machining has received considerable attention as a clean and effective machining method, but its application to nickel-based superalloys is rarely reported, necessitating further exploration of its potential. This study focuses on GH4169 alloy and explores the effects of magnetic-assisted cutting (MAC) with varying intensities on the machining quality and tool wear. The experimental results indicate that the introduction of a magnetic field improves the machining quality by reducing tool wear and built-up edge adhesion. Additionally, both the plasticity and thermal conductivity of GH4169 alloy are improved under the effect of magnetic field, resulting in an 11.4 % decrease in cutting temperature. However, when the magnetic intensity ranges from 0.03 T to 0.12 T, secondary serration of the chip edges manifests, resulting in notch wear on the tool nose and a deterioration of surface quality. This secondary serration is attributed to the combined effect of tool nose radius and material plasticity under the magnetic field. As the magnetic field intensity increases further, the secondary serration gradually diminishes, and the surface roughness can be reduced by 26.5 % compared to traditional cutting. This study analyzed the relationship between machined surface, tool wear, chip morphology and magnetic field, and revealed the reasons for the differences in machining quality at different magnetic field intensities. These findings provide more possibilities for future applications of magnetic-assisted cutting to improve the machining quality of nickel-based superalloys and other difficult-to-machine metals.

UNLOCKING INCLUSIVE COMPETITIVE VALUE CHAINS OF CHICKPEAS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN: A WALKING THE CHAIN APPROACH TO IDENTIFY BARRIERS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND OPTIONS

Improved and inclusive agricultural value chains by linking all stakeholders’ particularly farmers with the market have remained a challenge in Pakistan. This study is aimed at identifying issues and obstacles that hinder the development of chickpeas’ value chain by using the lens of value sought by consumers. Primary data are collected from consumers, retailers, wholesalers, processors, and farmers to understand consumer value and identify opportunities and options to create and deliver greater consumer value along the chickpea chain. Results of focus group discussion of consumers depict that the important quality parameters are cleanliness, grading, and packaging. Moreover, results of the data analysis of farmers and other stakeholders reveal that mostly households stick to their traditional farm management practices and crop types. Value addition and storage of chickpeas at the farm level is very limited. Farmers are weakly connected with the market indicating the high potential of developing and upgrading chickpeas value chains in Pakistan. Value addition at the stakeholders’ level, such as processors and wholesalers existed but not purely consumer oriented. However, value addition at retailers’ level is consumer oriented. It indicates that information flow from consumers to value chain actors is not adequate. An important option can be to give small cleaning and grading machine to farmers and building their capacity to perform value added activities and adopt appropriate storage techniques at farm level which facilitate them to sell value added products at good price to processors, wholesalers or retailers which could lead to increase the farmers’ profitability and in turn motivate them to increase area under chickpea production.

Unveiling damage mechanisms of SiC fiber-reinforced titanium matrix composites through ultrasonic scratching

SiCf/Ti composites are increasingly being utilized in the aerospace field due to their excellent performance. However, during the application of this material, issues such as fiber fracture and debonding often occur during processing. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining technology avoids the waste of cutting fluid and its environmental impact in traditional production, making it widely used in the ultra-precision and environmentally friendly processing of composite materials. This study explores the damage formation mechanism during material removal using diamond scratching. A comparison was made between the specific energy and morphology of ultrasonic scratching and conventional scratching, and a model for fiber fracture depth was established. The results indicate that conventional cutting leads to fiber bending and crushing, with bent fibers causing deformation to the matrix, which further affects the fibers behind. EBSD results confirm that fiber bending deformation affects the microstructure changes in the matrix. Under ultrasonic scratching, scratching force and specific energy decreased by 25% and 50%, respectively, compared to conventional scratching. This effectively reduces the deformation of fibers on the matrix during cutting and enhances the tool's ability to shear and remove fibers. CT analysis of the subsurface showed that under ultrasonic scratching, the maximum decrease in fiber fracture depth was 13% compared to traditional methods. This study guides the clean and low-damage machining of SiCf/Ti composites.

Prediction of power consumption and its signals in sustainable turning of PH13-8Mo steel with different machine learning models

Due to extensive distribution and huge demand of energy efficient processes, the energy-saving of machining processes draws more and more attention, and a significant variety of methods have evolved to prognosis or optimise the energy consumption in machining operations. Similarly, the estimation of power consumption-cutting conditions relationships is of great importance for optimizing processing costs and for cleaner machining. Compared to traditional methods, machine learning (ML) approach is one of the effective analysis options to model machinability indicators such as cutting force, tool wear, power consumption and surface quality. In this study, PH13-8Mo stainless steel was machined with coated carbide inserts using primarily Dry, MQL, nano-Graphene + MQL, nano-hBN + MQL, Cryo, Cryo + MQL cutting environments. Power consumption and its signals during milling were measured and different machine learning models were applied to estimate the Pc. To develop the Pc model based on the ML algorithm, 70% of the power consumption data is reserved for training and 30% for testing. In all cutting environments, power consumption increased by an average of 3.14% as feed speed increased. The reduction in Pc compared to the dry cutting was calculated as an average of 2.2%, 3.17%, 2.57%, 4.88% and 5.45% for MQL, nano-Graphen + MQL, nano-hBN + MQL, Cryo, Cryo + MQL, respectively. It is seen that the developed prediction model can reflect the power consumption-parameter relationships at high accuracy.

Design and Development of Garbage Collector

Cleaning is the predominant fundamental want for all human beings and it is essential for every day routine process. The conventional street cleaning machine is most broadly used in many purposes such as example roads, railway stations, airports, hospitals, Bus stands, in multi floor buildings, faculties etc.lot of effective time is lost in garbage collection in many firms. In our assignment we are aimed to use without problems handy substances with low price and it can be effortlessly fabricated and convenient to use and control. The intention of this mechanical engineering task is to fabricate a garbage collecting machine

Properly Cleaning Portable Milking Units: A Step-by-Step Guide

This article aims to help small dairy producers learn how to properly clean portable milking machines so they can improve milk quality and prolong the life of milking equipment. This publication is accompanied by one brochure that aims to summarize the steps for proper cleaning of portable milking units. Written by Izabella Toledo and Chris Decubellis, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, April 2024.

Design and Development of Automatic Floor Cleaning Machine

A Cleaning is the essential duty in our day to day life. Cleaning of floor is a very important for our health and reduces the human power. Robotics is a valuable educational tool that introduces students to a variety of different engineering disciplines such as electrical, computer, and mechanical engineering. In order to prove that this work can be accomplished an autonomous Floor robot was designed and built and describes the development of a Floor cleaning machine robot prototype. There is a 2”x3” circuit board used for the body of our robot, and the total size of the robot is about 6 inches in width and 8 inches in length. The height of our robot is about 4 inches. A mini portable Floor cleaning machine is attached in back of the chassis and we put the IR sensors on the front of the chassis that we used to detect the obstacles when the robot is moving .Most of the domestic robots are entering in the people daily life, but it is immature in the market. Automatic floor cleaners are nothing new, but they all share a common problem. They all are too expensive for what they do. Today, we will make an Automatic Home cleaning Robot that only costs a small fraction of the ones in the market

Fabrication of Solar Panel Cleaning Machine

Fabrication of Solar Panel Cleaning Machine

Design and Development of Eco-Friendly Road Sweeper Machine

Abstract: This project is related to design and development of most effective machine that is manually operated mechanical pollution free road cleaner. The Road cleaner is used to keep our mother earth clean. So that we feel fresh while walking on streets. Generally, in era of modern technology, different devices such as electric motors, diesel engines and robots are being used to clean floor, road. These methods make much pollution, maintenance and very tough to carry out. The main objective of this paper is to spread this idea of our prototype road cleaner to each one which aims to. Hence, the present work is aimed to design and develop a manually operated road cleaning machine which is eco-friendly, cost effective, portable and less maintenance. Cleaning has become a basic need for all human beings and it is unavoidable in our daily routine process. The conventional floor/road cleaning machine is most widely used in railway stations, airports, hospitals, Bus stands, colleges etc. also this machine needs electrical energy for its operation. It is not user friendly as well as ecofriendly. In summer time there is power crisis and most of the floor/roads cleaning machines are not used effectively due to this problem particularly. In our project we are using easily available materials with low cost. It is the better alternative for conventional machine. Hence this project is very useful in our day to day life

JUSTIFICATION OF NOZZLE PARAMETERS OF JET-TYPE WASHING MACHINES FOR CLEANING AGRICULTURAL MACHINES AND UNITS

Agricultural machinery and equipment are exposed to significant contamination by various types of pollutants, some of which can be easily removed, while others require the use of special cleaning agents and machines. To remove these contaminants, a pressurized water jet is used, the biggest disadvantage of such devices is the significant water consumption, so the issue of intensifying the cleaning process of agricultural machinery using a limited amount of water is an important scientific task. Cleaning of agricultural machinery and units from contaminants is a complex technological operation, therefore, there is a need to develop and justify the parameters and operating modes of a high-tech washing device that would ensure high-quality removal of all types of contaminants with high efficiency, minimal water consumption and minimal labor costs. The analysis of cleaning technologies showed that water jet cleaning is the most promising for removing dirt from the surface of agricultural machines and units, the technology allows to increase the level of mechanical impact by using additional energy, which can be the energy of a rotating jet. The study examines the efficiency of cleaning washing plants from various contaminants. The main focus is on studying the impact of nozzle design on the quality and productivity of the washing process. Nozzles determine the shape of water jets and their velocity, determining the cleaning efficiency. The dagger and fan nozzles, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. Nozzle parameters such as orifice diameter, spray angle, and number of fan jets are investigated. It is shown that properly selected nozzle parameters play an important role in achieving the optimal cleaning effect and water saving. Factors such as flow coefficient, drag coefficient, and velocity coefficient that affect the performance and energy of the jet are outlined.

Design Modification and Fabrication Of Eco-friendly Cleaning Machine

Design Modification and Fabrication Of Eco-friendly Cleaning Machine

Review on Design and Development of Eco-Friendly Road Sweeper Machine

This project is related to design and development of most effective machine that is manually operated mechanical pollution free road cleaner. The Road cleaner is used to keep our mother earth clean. So that we feel fresh while walking on streets. Generally, in era of modern technology, different devices such as electric motors, diesel engines and robots are being used to clean floor, road. These methods make much pollution, maintenance and very tough to carry out. The main objective of this paper is to spread this idea of our prototype road cleaner to each one which aims to. Hence, the present work is aimed to design and develop a manually operated road cleaning machine which is eco-friendly, cost effective, portable and less maintenance. Cleaning has become a basic need for all human beings and it is unavoidable in our daily routine process. The conventional floor/road cleaning machine is most widely used in railway stations, airports, hospitals, Bus stands, colleges etc. also this machine needs electrical energy for its operation. It is not user friendly as well as ecofriendly. In summer time there is power crisis and most of the floor/roads cleaning machines are not used effectively due to this problem particularly. In our project we are using easily available materials with low cost. It is the better alternative for conventional machine. Hence this project is very useful in our day to day life. Keywords: eco-friendly, floor clean, sweeper roller, effortless, manually operated, eco-friendly, human powered etc.

Spatial distribution model of thermal load for high-speed dry hobbing tool based on probability density function

High-speed dry hobbing is a clean and environmental-friendly gear machining process, but thermal dissipation inefficiency accelerates tool wear and shorten tool life which is difficult to be effectively inhibited due to its complex distribution characteristics. This paper proposes a thermal load distribution model based on probability density function, describing the spatial distribution of thermal load on tool and providing theoretical support for predicting the distribution of thermal load. Firstly, conducting a finite element simulation analysis based on a mathematical model of high-speed dry gear hobbing process; Secondly, the influence of various parameters on the constructed model is analyzed, and the Bayesian optimization algorithm is utilized to optimize the model parameters. Finally, the model is validated at the micro and macro level. The results show that the average coefficient of determination of the model is greater than 0.86 in micro level. And the average fitting error is less than 6 °C in macro level, besides, the average relative error is less than 15%. The description of the uneven thermal distribution on tool is obtained with probability density function, it provides a theoretical support for the prediction and further optimization of thermal load on tool under multiple parameters in the future.

Экспериментальные исследования устойчивости откосов мелиоративных осушительных каналов

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the stability of slopes of reclamation channels. Experimental studies were carried out on the Grand Channel of the Laboratory of Sprinkler Machines and Hydraulic Drive of the Department of Organization and Technologies of Irrigation and Reclamation and Construction Works of the Institute of Land Reclamation, Water Management and Construction named after A.N. Kostyakov. The work of the reclamation drainage system is accompanied by the appearance of sediments, siltation of herbaceous and shrubby vegetation at the bottom and slopes of the channel. For the normal functioning of the reclamation drainage system, it is necessary to maintain the design dimensions of the channels during the entire period of their operation. To clean drainage channels, special channel cleaning machines of periodic or continuous action on caterpillar or pneumatic wheels are used, and general construction excavators with widened buckets are also often used. The operation of all these machines with a large operating weight has a peculiarity, which consists in their movement in the process of cleaning along the channel along the berm sections close to the edge. Such a situation can lead to a violation of the stability of the slopes, which in turn disrupts the capacity of the channel bed and its design geometric dimensions. The study of slope instability from the loads of channel cleaning machines allows you to correctly design the channel section and form a cleaning technology.

Studying the spatial flow characteristics of droplets induced by ultrasonic tooth-cleaning machines

The use of an ultrasonic scaler in the dental diagnosis and treatment process can produce a large number of droplets due to splashing, which can be transformed into droplet nuclei in the form of aerosols suspended in the air of the clinic, and droplets and aerosols may carry pathogenic microorganisms that pose a great threat to the health of clinical staff and patients. This paper takes a dental clinic as the research object and adopts experimental and numerical simulation methods to study the splashing droplet flow during ultrasonic dental cleaning surgery. It explored the similarities and differences in the spatial flow characteristics of droplets caused by different operation modes in the ultrasonic dental cleaning process. The results showed that the large droplets (particle size >100 μm) caused by the ultrasonic dental cleaning machine could be spread to the dangerous range of the patient's surroundings at 2.5 m. The droplets could be spattered to the patient's oral cavity at 1.5 m above the room, and the room was contaminated with a space of 17.5 m3. The droplets were concentrated, and the smaller droplets particles were more concentrated in the 0.75 m of the patient's oral cavity. The concentration of the small droplet particles (particle size 1–100 μm) of the splash height can be up to the clinic's ceiling in the air for a long time, and the contamination range can be expanded to the entire clinic. This study will provide strong guidance for developing microbial adsorption and elimination equipment for dental clinics and formulating new prevention and control opinions for dental clinics.

The effect of injury on the sowing seed qualities of winter bread wheat varieties during harvesting and post-harvest processing

The current paper has presented the study results for the period of 2020–2022 to determine the effect of injury on the quality indicators of seed material in primary seed production of winter wheat varieties (‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Etyud’, Asket, ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Ambar’) during harvesting and post-harvest processing of seeds. There has been established that at different stages of technology in agricultural machines and grain cleaning equipment, during grain production, there was damage to the seed material. There have been identified certain types of injuries that most significantly worsen the sowing quality of seeds and reduce winter wheat productivity. The purpose of the study was to estimate the sowing seed qualities of winter bread wheat varieties of different maturity groups developed by the FSBSI «ARC «Donskoy» depending on their injury by the combine harvester and grain cleaning machines in the primary stages of seed production. The estimation of the quality of winter wheat seed material was carried out on the material obtained during winter wheat harvesting, such as manual threshing (control), threshing with the combine ‘Wintersteiger Classic’, after seed cleaning and sorting equipment VIM-1 «Selection» and Petkus K-531 «Gigant». When harvesting with the combine ‘Wintersteiger Classic’, two threshing modes were used: 1) recommended – 1500 rpm-1; 2) with a reduced speed of the threshing drum – 1000 rpm-1. There has been found that the highest level of seed injury was observed when threshing with a grain harvester (33–54 %). There has been determined that, depending on the type of the trial, the germination energy indicators varied from 89 to 98 %, and laboratory germination from 94 to 99 %. Caryopsis with damage in the embryo area had a high germination rate in laboratory conditions. With an increase in microtraumas, field germination has decreased by 4–17 % compared to the control. The maximum injury and reduction in field germination of seeds was observed in the varieties of the early maturing group. Post-harvest processing of seeds has led to an increase in the percentage of their injury by 1–6 %, regardless of the type of equipment used.