Cleaning Machine Research Articles

Design, Fabrication and Development of House Hold Utensil Cleaning Machine

This work presents design and fabrication of efficient and economical ultrasonic utensil cleaning machine. Electrical energy is converted into Mechanical energy by transducer. Transducer vibrates with ultrasonic frequency supplied to it by the frequency producer. These vibrations produce cavitation bubbles in the solvent/water. The size of the bubbles is in micron range. The mass of the cavitation bubbles depend on the rate of recurrence of the transducer. These bubbles act as scrubber which scrub the surface of utensil thus removing the soils/dirt stick on it. The size of the bubble is so small it does not cause any damage to the surface of utensil. Higher the frequency, more homogeneous will be the cleaning. Rinsing is provided within the system which will make it more compact. To keep the contaminants away from the cleaned surface, sweep frequency is used. Rotation to the basket is given by the motor. This rotation helps to reduce the cycle time and also dry the surface of utensil by centrifugal action. So when the utensil is removed from the basket it is ready for use. By this technology cycle time will be reduced drastically. Without any human efforts it can clean the dirtiest stains from the oily utensils. All types of utensils can be cleaned whether it is ceramics, glass, copper, wood, aluminum, stainless steel, etc. This cleaning process is more hygienic and can clean more efficiently compared to conventional cleaning.

Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of a Seed Paddy Cleaning Machine

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food crop in Sri Lanka occupying 34% of the total cultivated area. Seed paddy production is one of the major economic activities in the paddy sector, which is fully mechanized only at the large-scale level. Unavailability of an affordable mechanical solution is a big barrier for entering small and medium scale producers in to the seed paddy industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to introduce an efficient and affordable electrical motor driven small or medium scale paddy cleaning machine for seed paddy production. The main components of the machine are paddy sieving unit, blowing unit and stone separator. According to the variety of paddy, the sieve size of the sieving unit can be changed. The performance of the machine was evaluated using paddy samples with purposely added light and heavy impurities such as straw particles and different sized stones. The suitable speeds for the better operation of sieve, separator and blower were 90, 200 and 960 rpm, respectively. The separation percentages of the large, light, and same size impurities were 96%, 74%, and 86%, respectively. The effective capacity of the machine was 252 kgh-1 with 79% mechanical efficiency. Based on the overall satisfactory performance, the newly built paddy cleaning machine can be recommended to small and medium scale paddy farmers in Sri Lanka. The machine can be further developed with a magnetic separator for removing iron particles.

Design and fabrication of smart ceiling mop with adjustable head

The Ceiling cleaning process is one of the tedious tasks ever which involves removing algae, mold, lichen, dust, and moss from the surface. Cleaning of the roof becomes very difficult when the height of the roof is very high also an excess human effort is required which also makes the labor feel discomfort, in addition to muscle pain. By considering all the above-discussed difficulties, we have developed a concept of a semi-automatic ceiling cleaning machine that is capable of cleaning dirt, grime, algae, etc. on the ceiling. Enabling the machine in accessing hard-to-reach areas on the ceilingsand at higher altitudes. To make the controlling of the machine user-friendly an electric drive is incorporated, such that a person with less technical knowledge can access it with high accuracy. The power source for the entire operation is provided with the help of a battery which is internally installed in the setup. As an added advantage, the multi-head system is implanted, using this our setup can be used as a traditional brush head, and by changing the vacuum head, the setup is capable of performing dust collection operations using vacuum pressure. To make a machine which will take care of the safety of persons, save time and also shouldn't damage false ceiling structure. This method of ceiling cleaning can be used in hotels, offices, etc. which will give a more appealing look. This method is suitable for small, medium as well as large-scale applications.

The Role of Chemical Composition of High-Manganese Cast Steels on Wear of Excavating Chain in Railway Shoulder Bed Ballast Cleaning Machine.

The main task for a ballast bed is to transmit the sleeper pressure in a form of stress cone to the subsoil, provide proper drainage and resist the sleeper displacement. Poorly maintained ballast could severely limit the maximum speed capacity and create further problems with the structural integrity, possibly leading to a complete failure of a given rail line. To prevent the unwanted corollaries, the ballast bed has to be periodically cleaned with an appropriate machinery. In this paper the authors investigated the effect of the chemical composition on the physical properties of the ballast excavating chains made of high-manganese steels. The authors focused on the wear mechanism, work hardening ability and hardness in the cross-sections areas. A microstructure analysis was performed as well, and observations revealed divergent morphology of precipitations at the grain boundaries, which influenced the size of austenite grains. The deformation twins formed as a result of operation were noticed in the samples. Research has shown that less carbon and chromium reduces the hardness of cast steel, and it specifically affects the ability to strain hardening. The authors explained the role of adjustments in chemical composition in the operational properties of high-manganese cast steels. It has been shown in the paper that different chemical compositions affect the properties of the alloys, and this causes different types of wear. The high content of chromium increases the hardness of materials before and after plastic deformation hardening, which in the conditions of selector chains results in greater dimensional stability during wear of holes in pin joints and will be more susceptible to abrasive wear in the presence of dusts from the ballast than creep.

Development of a Cotton Cleaner Machine Collected

Development of a Cotton Cleaner Machine Collected

Progress of machinability on the machining of Inconel 718: A comprehensive review on the perception of cleaner machining

Inconel 718 nickel superalloys' superior properties at elevated temperatures necessitate several applications in the aviation, marine, and automotive industries. However, the poor thermal conductivity and rapid strain hardening properties of Inconel 718 led to poor machinability and machined surface integrity. The main purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review concerning machining challenges and eco-friendly machining options of Inconel 718. This approach of green machining involves the minimized use of conventional lubricants, suitable cutting tools, and machining conditions that eventually reduce tool wear, cutting temperatures and improve the surface quality of the machined component. For this, the influence of various cooling techniques and machining environments on the machinability of Inconel 718 has been studied. The notable findings and conclusions provide a piece of considerable information regarding workpiece behavior, tool wear, cutting temperatures, and chip formation under state-of-art lubrication techniques towards sustainable machining together with the future direction.

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A COMPACT MULTI – OPERATED MANHOLE CLEANING MACHINE

Water drainage systems undergoing rapid flooding pose a serious threat to public safety, traffic and present a variety of operational problems. The serious repercussions of the current design of manholes put an operator’s life at great risk i.e., during the overflow and displacement of manhole covers, during cleaning and maintenance of manholes. Manholes provide a variety of dangers for those who work within them. Impurities in drainage water viz., excreta, empty bottles, polythene bags, papers, etc. result in aggravation and blockage of the sewer system. Toxic gases resulting from the waste accumulated may build up in areas of the sewer, rising to levels that constitute severe risks to those breathing them. There have also been considerably fewer and slower advancements in the development of machines for the dedicated purpose of manhole cleaning. The machines that are currently in use serve the purpose but come with the restraints of high capital and expenditures. Another drawback being that these machines are bulky in size which becomes difficult in handling and transportation. Our project is aimed at eradicating manual human scavenging of the waste accumulated inside the manholes[1]. We are aiming at cleaning the manholes efficiently and economically using our machine. Through this project, we aim to eliminate the practice of humans entering the manhole physically to clean and collect the waste. We are concentrating on using a TWIST mechanism to open and close the buckets. The machines that are in use now require skilled laborers while our machine can be easily operated. We are intending to target rural areas where it becomes difficult in investing in the present automated machines which are expensive.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PARAMETERS OF THE DRIVE OF THE VIBRATION MACHINE FOR WASHING AND CLEANING BY IMMEDIATE PULSATING FLUID OF LIQUID FLUID

Experimental stands of vibrating machines for cleaning and washing have been developed. An original membrane sensor and an electronic oscilloscope were used to measure the pulsating pressure of the jet. For the washing process, a method was used to create a gas-liquid pulsating jet of liquid in the pulsation chamber of the vibrating machine by oscillating the elastic membrane with disks. To increase the pressure of the jet during the cleaning process in the vibrating machine, it was proposed to connect the pulsation chamber and the cleaning tank with a non-return valve of the membrane type. To confirm the nature of the physical process of the mechanism of mechanical interaction of the liquid jet with contamination during washing, comparative studies of different washing methods were conducted; ultrasonic, jet and jet-pulsating gas-liquid washing. As a result of experimental studies it was found that the use of a diaphragm check valve in the drive of a vibrating cleaning machine allows to increase the maximum pressure of the immersed pulsating fluid jet by 0.045 MPa at oscillation frequencies from 14 to 18 Hz, which allows to increase productivity. It is established that the rational range of oscillation frequencies of the vibrating drive of the machine is in the range from 14 Hz to 16 Hz and it is recommended to use the oscillation amplitude of the vibrating drive 2 mm at a ratio of nozzle diameter to chamber diameter 1:10. Studies of model contamination washing confirmed the main theoretical assumptions on the mechanical nature of the interaction of detergent with contamination and showed the effectiveness of the method of washing with cavitation bubbles obtained by vibrating washing machine and the effectiveness of pulsating jet cleaning of solid particles or metals.

Studying Grain Flow Immersion into Liquids of Various Densities Based on the Methods of Experiment Design

Introduction. In addition to grain, a grain heap of rye may contain poisonous ergot sclerotia. Modern grain cleaning machines do not isolate ergot sclerotia in one technological process because of the similarity of physical properties in linear dimensions. Isolation of ergot sclerotia from rye grain in one technological process is possible through the use of aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimum elevation of the loading hopper relative to the liquid surface. The data obtained contribute to increasing the quality of the technological process of the machine being developed. Materials and Methods. The paper considers the delivery of rye grain flow from the loading hopper outlet into the liquid by varying the specific grain load, liquid density and the delivery height. To set up the experiments, the experiment design methods have been used. The experimental data have been processed using the statistical package Statgraphics Plus 5.1. Results. The estimation of the effective elevation of the loading hopper outlet relative to the liquid surface when delivering grain flow has been carried out. There have been obtained regression models for the fraction of grains, which did not submerge and rose up to the liquid surface with air bubbles. Discussion and Conclusion. It has been found that the density of the aqueous salt solution has a significant effect on the percentage of grains, which did not submerge and rose up to the liquid surface with air bubbles. The smallest values of at different density of the liquid and specific grain load are achieved at a grain delivery height 56.0 ∙ 10–3 m.

ANALISA RISK PRIORITY NUMBER (RPN) TERHADAP KEANDALAN KOMPONEN MESIN THRESHER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FMEA DI PT.XYZ

PT. XYZ is a palm oil factory (PKS) producing crude palm oil (CPO). PT. XYZ has not implemented an effective engine maintenance system. The maintenance system that has been implemented is corrective maintenance, which is making repairs when there is damage. In addition, it is also assisted with planned maintenance that is scheduled every week to clean production machines. Therefore it is necessary to identify machine components that are susceptible to damage (critical components) and it is necessary to take special care measures for critical machine components by implementing a predective maintenance schedule (Prevention). Simulation techniques, often known as Monte Carlo simulation, estimate reliability using sampling random scenario. Failure mode effect analisys (FMEA) is defined as a process used to determine the actions that should be taken to ensure that each physical item or a system can run properly according to the function desired by the user then based on data processing, replacement of the roller binding drum binding drum , angle iron welding, chain transmission component replacement, drum stopper bearing replacement. Replacement of the drum stopper bolt, replacement of the chain transmission part is very loose and the replacement of the iron is carried out in corrective maintenance (replacement of components after damage occurs). And the results at the lowest value on the thresher engine component are in the Loose Transmission Chain component, the repair rate is 0.5 hours and the number is 0.999737189. Based on the results of the analysis of numbers (availability), the highest number is found in Broken Elbow Iron with a repair rate of 3 hours and the number 0.999605833

A hybrid approach of cooling lubrication for sustainable and optimized machining of Ni-based industrial alloy

The utilization of cutting fluids in metalworking industries causes health issues and environmental impacts. Owing to eco-friendly apprehensions and rising regulations over pollution and contamination, the need for a greener approach is increasing to diminish the employment of cutting fluids and dwindle the ecological impact. Therefore, special attention should be focused on clean and sustainable machining processes. Foremost, the optimal setting for multiple response problems in the manufacturing sectors must be acknowledged to reduce energy consumption. Even though machining industries established mist lubrication with vegetable oil and cryogenics as a substitute for mineral oils-based flooding, its meager lubrication and cooling property at elevated speed lead to a hunt for a new hybrid approach that offers adequate cooling/lubrication (C/L). Moreover, as of now, no information concerning the effects of hybrid cooling on milling of Nimonic-80A is existing. In this holistic investigation, machining of Nimonic-80A under hybrid C/L was compared with other cooling strategies (flood, MQL, and cryogenic) to determine the viability of employing cryogenics and hybrid cooling method. Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) technique was applied to select the optimum cutting conditions to get the ideal surface trait. Besides improving the surface quality, the hybrid condition is treated as a trendsetter which is in legitimate agreement with the latest global swing for sustainable means of production. The optimization result indicated that machining at a cutting speed of 60 m/min and a feed rate of 0.04 mm/rev under the hybrid cooling strategy provides the optimal value, that controls the energy requirement. Pugh matrix method has been deployed to establish the sustainability assessment among the distinct cooling conditions. The research verdict illustrates the suitability of the hybrid cooling strategy and explains the process of going green.

Design and Fabrication of Animal Waste Cleaning Machine

Design and Fabrication of Animal Waste Cleaning Machine

Parametric analysis of turning HSLA steel under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and nanofluids-based minimum quantity lubrication (NF-MQL): a concept of one-step sustainable machining

The requirement of cost-effective and ecological production systems is crucial in the competitive market. In this regard, the focus is shifted towards sustainable and cleaner machining processes. Besides the clean technologies, effective parametric control is required for machining materials (such as High Strength Low Alloy Steels) specifically designed for high strength applications having superior physio-chemical properties. Therefore, the machinability complexities require optimized solutions to reduce temperature elevation and tooling costs and improve machining of these materials. Complying to the market needs, this research examines the effectiveness of nanofluid on tool life, wear mechanisms, surface roughness (Ra), surface morphology, and material removal rate (MRR) in turning of 30CrMnSiA (HSLA) using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and SiO2-H2O nanofluids (NF-MQL). A systematic investigation based on physical phenomena involved is carried out considering four process parameters (cutting speed (VC), feed rate (Fr), depth of cut (DOC), and mode of lubrication for machining. Fr is found as the vital parameter for surface roughness while MRR is highly influenced by DOC regardless of lubrication approach. One-step sustainability technique is applied, in which process variables used for roughing conditions are analogous to attain surface comparable to finished machining without compromising process efficiency and demonstrate its feasibility through optimal settings under NF-MQL. Multi-response optimization proved the NF-MQL machining condition as the best alternative which result in 28.34% and 5.09% improvements for surface roughness and MRR, respectively. Moreover, the use of SiO2 is recommended over MQL due to lower energy consumption, low tool wear, and better surface integrity, sustainable liquid, and related costs.

Investigation of geometric parameters with HSS tools in machining polyamide 6 using Taguchi method

The present investigation shows a suitable geometry for high-speed steel cutting tools for turning and facing operations. Different angles were considered such as the tip, free, attack and nose radius angle in the Polyamide PA-6 material, which allowed to perform a clean machining, with the least roughness possible. This investigation was carried out using orthogonal arrangements of the Taguchi method, followed for each stage of the corresponding variance analysis, ANOVA. The analysis allowed to decide the best variable for each parameter in order to propose the lowest possible roughness, for the turning tool the determined values were nose angle 45°, 6° free, 8° attack, and nose radius 0.7 mm. For the facing tool, the determined values were nose angle 3°, 4° free, 8° attack, and nose radius 0.5 mm. Also, the factor of the greatest influence was established, being for the turning tool, the nose angle with 22.7 %, free angle with 14 %, side rake angle with 6.4 % and the nose radius with 5.9 %. For the facing tool, the parameter with the greatest influence was the side rake angle with 12 %, followed by the free angle and the nose radius with 11 %.

Design and Fabrication of Solar Power Automatic Road Sweeping with Waste Segregation Machine

This project deals with a totally different street waste collecting mechanism from the existing ones. The current street cleaning machines are automated ones which are controlled by radio frequency. The proposed machine is designed in such a way that it is 100% automatically operated, so that the end users can work without much effort. Another advantage is that the regular maintenance is much simpler and a typical mechanic can undoubtedly repair and maintain the machine. The machine consists of a waste collector brush connected with a roller and a conveyour is also attached in back side of the brush.The wastes are collected on to a storage box with help of a conveyor mechanism. The dry and wet waste are segregated with the help of sensor. When the wet waste is brought near to the sensors, the moisture sensor detects it and hence the microcontroller rotates the drum by 180⁰ and hence the wet waste will fall in the wet waste collecting chamber.

Design and Analysis of Portable Floor Cleaning Machine - A Research Paper

In today’s world, it is very important to maintain hygiene at public places, especially at hospitals, market place, school and colleges. In the given paper, we proposed a cleaning machine that runs on the renewable energy gained by the solar panel from the sun. Proposed machine is efficient to do work in highly populated places and it is affordable too .

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLEAN WATER DISTRIBUTION MACHINE USING OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE) METHOD

Clean water distribution machines are very important for local drinking water companies to be able to supply clean water to customers. The need for water continues to increase, so an analysis is needed to determine the decline in engine pump performance in the production process. Maintenance activities need to be carried out to maintain the reliability (realiability) of the machine so that it can operate properly. Therefore, a good strategy is needed to maintain the continuity of the production process. The purpose of this research is to measure the performance of the water distribution pump machine / equipment associated with the low level of clean water production, to identify the losses experienced by the company. The Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) value obtained before repairs were carried out in November 2019 for Lapi I was 69.38% and Lapi II was 69. 75% while in December 2019 for Lapi I it was 74.02% and Lapi II was 73.65% still below the JIPM standard, namely ≥85%. From the results of the six big losses, the clean water distribution pump machine as a whole still needs evaluation to make improvements in increasing effectiveness and productivity, especially in the problem of redeuced speed losses so that suggestions can be made to improve the clean water distribution machine. After repairs in January 2020 for Lapi I was 87.90% and Lapi II was 87.26% while in February 2020 for Lapi I it was 90.34% and Lapi II was 85.81%. From the results of the six big losses, the clean water distribution pump machine as a whole still needs evaluation to make improvements in increasing effectiveness and productivity, especially in the problem of redeuced speed losses so that suggestions can be made to improve the clean water distribution machine. After repairs in January 2020 for Lapi I was 87.90% and Lapi II was 87.26% while in February 2020 for Lapi I it was 90.34% and Lapi II was 85.81%. From the results of the six big losses, the clean water distribution pump machine as a whole still needs evaluation to make improvements in increasing effectiveness and productivity, especially in the problem of redeuced speed losses so that suggestions can be made to improve the clean water distribution machine. After repairs in January 2020 for Lapi I was 87.90% and Lapi II was 87.26% while in February 2020 for Lapi I it was 90.34% and Lapi II was 85.81%

Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from an Open-Circuit Dry Cleaning Machine Using a Petroleum-Based Organic Solvent: Implications for Impacts on Air Quality

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to play an important role in tropospheric chemistry, contributing to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generation. Laundry facilities, using petroleum-based organic solvents, are one of the sources of VOCs emissions. However, little is known about the significance of VOCs, emitted from laundry facilities, in the ozone and SOA generation. In this study, we characterized VOCs emission from a dry-cleaning process using petroleum-based organic solvents. We also assessed the impact of the VOCs on air quality by using photochemical ozone creation potential and secondary organic aerosol potential. Among 94 targeted compounds including toxic organic air pollutants and ozone precursors, 36 compounds were identified in the exhaust gas from a drying machine. The mass emitted from one cycle of drying operation (40 min) was the highest in decane (2.04 g/dry cleaning). Decane, nonane, and n-undecane were the three main contributors to ozone generation (more than 70% of the total generation). N-undecane, decane, and n-dodecane were the three main contributors to the SOA generation (more than 80% of the total generation). These results help to understand VOCs emission from laundry facilities and impacts on air quality.

A stochastic approach for the single-machine scheduling problem to minimize total expected cost with client-dependent tardiness costs

In the injection moulding process, a set-up containing positioning moulds, a cleaning raw material hopper and machine settings is required. The set-up is uncertain owing to random factors, such as the crew’s skill levels and unexpected breakdowns. The general version of this problem is known as the single-machine scheduling problem with stochastic sequence-dependent set-up times. In this specialized form of the problem, the objective function is defined so as to minimize the total expected cost, which includes set-up, tardiness and earliness costs. Moreover, the effect of the client-dependent tardiness cost on the optimal machine schedule under uncertainty is explored. As a solution approach, a two-stage stochastic programming method is used. For the solution of large-size problems, the harmony search algorithm is proposed, and its performance is compared with the exact solution approach. Finally, the value of the stochastic solution is assessed by comparing the results with the deterministic approach.

Liquid LCO2 Assisted Machining of Martensitic Stainless Steel with TiAlSiN PVD Coated Tools

Sustainable machining involves the use of environmentally friendly cooling and lubrication fluids. A novel approach of lubricated liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) can be used to replace conventional cutting fluids while promising benefits such as cleaner machining and higher productivity. In this study, milling of martensitic stainless steel was performed under different cooling and lubrication conditions (dry, flood, LCO2, LCO2 + MQL). Cutting tool (ball end mill, d = 8mm) was protected by a TiAlSiN PVD hard coating, while the same uncoated tool was used as a reference. Tool life time measurements were taken under different cooling and lubrication conditions at pre-determined time intervals, until the critical tool wear of 0.2 mm was reached on the flank face. At the same time, thermocouples were inserted into the workpiece to measure the temperature directly below the cutting zone. The influence of different cooling and lubrication conditions on surface roughness parameters was also investigated. From the experimental results, surprisingly, conventional flooding machining outperformed LCO2 and LCO2 + MQL assisted machining in terms of surface roughness. Moreover, the TiAlSiN coated tool exhibited roughly three times longer tool life time when compared to the uncoated tool at the same machining conditions. Whereas both, LCO2 and LCO2 + MQL cooling/lubricating strategies significantly reduce the temperature in the cutting zone, dry machining strategy provides the longest tool life time.