Cleaning Process Research Articles

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Analyses of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs): A Summary Review and Own Experience.

The gut microbiome, crucial to human health, changes with age and disease, and influences metabolic profiles. Gut bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), essential for maintaining homeostasis and modulating inflammation. Dysbiosis, commonly due to poor diet or lifestyle, disrupts the integrity of the intestinal barrier and may contribute to conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Analytical methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) are vital for SCFA analysis, with various preparation and storage techniques improving the accuracy. Advances in these methods have improved the reliability and sensitivity of SCFA quantification, which is crucial for the identification of disease biomarkers. Evidence from GC/MS-based studies has revealed that accurate SCFA quantification requires meticulous sample preparation and handling. The process begins with the extraction of SCFAs from biological samples using methods such as direct solvent extraction or solid-phase microextraction (SPME), both of which require optimization for maximum recovery. Derivatization, which chemically modifies SCFAs to enhance volatility and detectability, is a crucial step, typically involving esterification or silylation. Following this, the cleanup process removes impurities that might interfere with the analysis. Although recent advances in GC/MS technology have significantly improved SCFA-detection sensitivity and specificity, proper sample storage, with acid preservatives and the avoidance of repeated thawing, is essential for maintaining SCFA integrity.

Self-adhesive fiberboards fabricated from waste bamboo powder through biological pretreatment

Using renewable and sustainable agricultural and forestry wastes to produce bio-based materials is an effective approach for significantly reducing the environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based materials such as plastics and chemical fibers. This research aims to develop a cleaning process for large-scale production of high-performance green bio-based materials without the use of any chemical binders. The mechanical properties of self-adhesive fiberboards are improved through pretreatment with white rot fungi. By pretreating bamboo powder with biological factors like sugars and laccase produced by white rot fungi under high temperature and pressure, lignin-active molecules are formed on the surface. These active molecules can reconstruct chemical bonds between multi-fiber materials, thereby exhibiting biological adhesion. The reconfiguration of lignin molecules on the material's surface also helps prevent rapid water penetration. After biological pretreatment, the surface of bamboo powder forms a concave-convex structure, effectively increasing the area of biological adhesion during hot-pressing conditions. Compared to regular bamboo powder control samples, bio-pretreated fiberboards showed an increase in modulus of rupture (MOR) by 83.33 % and modulus of elasticity (MOE) by 100.79 %. In contrast to traditional fossil-based adhesive synthetic materials, the findings of this study circumvent the emission of harmful volatiles from chemical adhesives while effectively substituting petroleum-based synthetic materials that necessitate diverse chemical additives, which are in alignment with the principles of environmental protection and sustainable development.

Techno-Economic Optimisation of Green and Clean Hydrogen Production

AbstractEnergy is typically generated from fossil fuels, leading to significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, cleaner energy needs to be used to reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector. Hydrogen (H2) is identified as a potential resource suitable for replacing fossil fuels as H2 burns with oxygen to produce water (H2O) and generates no emissions as a result of this. However, H2 is normally produced through steam reforming of natural gas, which is a fossil fuel. Clean H2 can be produced if its derived from renewable pathways, such as solar powered water electrolysis, gasification of biomass, etc. However, determining a feasible renewable pathway is challenging. In addition, storage of H2 is another challenge as the energy density of H2 is considerably low. To increase the energy density, H2 must stored at high pressure and low temperature. This causes high storing costs for H2 before being transported to the end-users and high energy consumption requirements. H2 production from renewable sources is also lower in efficiency when compared with conventional production technology. Thus, it is critical to develop a systematic optimisation tool to analyse and optimise the production of clean H2 to overcome the abovementioned challenges. This work presents an optimisation model to optimise the production of clean H2 based on total annualised cost, yield, efficiency, storage and energy consumption of each technology. To illustate the proposed model, a case study with several scenarios, such as an economically feasible and clean H2 process and optimal H2 production and storage technologies in terms of energy consumption, is solved.

Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted thermal-responsive polymers based sorbent for ambient ionization mass spectrometric analysis of sulfonamide antibiotics from food samples

The thermal-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (TrMMIP) sorbent was synthesized by surface imprinting method, and then used for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and subsequent integrated into the ion source for elution and ionization. The shrinking-strength states change of the thermal-responsive polymer chain on TrMMIP alters the wettability of the sorbent when the working temperature crosses the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer, and thus affects its behavior of in the extraction and clean-up process. The targeted analytes could be effectively extracted due to the high selectivity of MIPs and well dispersibility of polymer chain under the open state. Additionally, a hydrophilic polymer chain wrapped on the sorbent surface further protected target substances from co-elution during cleanup. Analytical methods for sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) detection in complex food samples (milk, honey, fish) were developed, demonstrating potential for rapid and sensitive SAs analysis in diverse food and biological samples.

Development of Ceria Slurry for Enhanced Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) Performance

As the semiconductor device is shrinking and gets complicated, the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process has become important. Various types of abrasive particles are used as CMP slurry, and among them, ceria slurry is in the spotlight due to its high material removal rate (MRR) and selectivity on oxide CMP process. It is known that the ceria abrasives form Ce-O-Si chemical bonds with oxide film, which makes it possible to achieve a high CMP performance.To further advance the performance of ceria slurry, we conducted a series of researches on ceria. A study was conducted on scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurement to accurately evaluate particle size distribution along with the basic polishing mechanism of monodisperse ceria nanoparticles. In addition, an optimization study was conducted considering the CMP performance according to the abrasive concentration of ceria slurry and the influence of ceria nanoparticles remaining on the wafer surface before the post-CMP cleaning process. Furthermore, research on synthesis method and surface modification of ceria was also conducted to improve the polishing performance. Ce3+ ions on the surface of ceria form Ce-O-Si chemical bond with the silicon dioxide film. Therefore, an important key point is to increase the concentration of Ce3+ ions to improve polishing performance. To achieve high Ce3+ ion concentration, ceria nanoparticles were synthesized through a hydrothermal method, and this performance was improved through lanthanide doping. On the other hand, methods to enhance Ce3+ ion concentration by inducing a reduction reaction on the surface of ceria nanoparticles were also proposed. First, the polishing performance was improved by adding trace metals (FeCl2, CrCl2) to induce a reduction reaction of ceria nanoparticles. Next, the reduction reaction of ceria was induced by applying an eco-friendly method which did not add chemical agents. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and hydrogen-gas reduction methods showed sufficient reduction reaction to improve the polishing performance of ceria slurry, and maintained physical properties without causing CMP defects such as poor surface roughness and micro-scratches.As with previous polishing studies, post-CMP cleaning is also important to decease defects. While ceria nanoparticles exhibit great polishing performance for silicon dioxide due to their ability to form chemical bonds, however, they also have the disadvantage of being difficult to remove during the post-CMP cleaning process. To efficiently remove ceria nanoparticles from the wafer surface during the post-CMP cleaning process, various methods have been studied. First, the buff cleaning process was studied in which a deionized water-based cleaning solution is injected instead of slurry after the CMP process. Since the buff cleaning process must simultaneously minimize damage of wafer surface and maximize cleaning performance, optimization research on the properties of the physical factors and cleaning solution is important. For an environmentally friendly cleaning method, we proposed controlling the viscosity of deionized water or using gas-dissolved water. It has been proven that physical factors of cleaning solutions (viscosity, micro bubbles, etc.) can be effective in removing ceria nanoparticles. Especially, hydrogen gas in gas-dissolved water induced a reduction reaction, breaking Ce-O-Si bonds and improving the cleaning performance. Limited to the bulk ceria CMP process, we also studied the improvement of cleaning performance of remained ceria nanoparticles using the tangential flow filtration (TFF) method before CMP process. We focused that small contaminant particles are difficult to remove during the cleaning process, and through the TFF method, small abrasive particles in the slurry are filtered in advance while maintaining the polishing performance.

Amine-Based Chemistries for the Megasonic Removal of Alumina Nanoparticles from Oxidized Silicon Carbide

Increasing demand for improved Integrated Circuit (IC) technology has propelled the advancement from silicon as a semiconductor material to Wide Band Gap (WBG) materials (i.e., Silicon carbide (SiC), Gallium nitride (GaN)) due to their intrinsic properties (i.e., increased thermal stability, wear resistance, etc.). While these traits make WBGs ideal semiconductor materials, the Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) process becomes difficult as these surfaces are more chemically inactive. To overcome this, the CMP process has shifted to incorporate more aggressive chemical and mechanical conditions (i.e., highly oxidative chemistries, increased shear force, etc.) to reach desired material removal rates (MRR). Traditional post-CMP (pCMP) cleaning processes combine high shear forces via a Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) brush with oxidative cleaning chemistries to remove CMP residue. This, however, results in secondary defect generation (i.e., scratches, pitting, brush debris) on the substrate surface. A low-shear force, non-contact cleaning process via megasonic energy is one way to combat secondary defect generation. The megasonic energy serves a dual function of reducing the substrate’s surface boundary layer, which allows for enhanced surface interaction with various cleaning solutions while also generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activate the chemistry. This work focuses on amine-based cleaning chemistries for oxidized SiC substrates. The introduction of the amine leads to a reduction of the oxidized surface, allowing for a weakened residue-substrate bond for an improved particle removal efficiency (PRE). Initial results have shown that amine-based standard clean 1 (SC-1) produced comparable results to previously utilized cleaning chemistries (i.e., Supramolecular chemistries), with a PRE of 11.4%. The PRE of SC-1 increases significantly in proportion to sonication power, with the highest PREs ranging between 90% to 96%. This work will provide insight into oxidized SiC surface behavior by incorporating other amine-based cleaning chemistries.

(Invited) Design of Reduced Shear Force Cu Cleaning Processes Via α-β-Unsaturated Chemistries for Enhanced BTA Residue Removal

As integrated circuit and logic devices continue to decrease, limiting induced defectivity during Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) processes (polishing and substrate cleaning) is imperative. Defects resulting from the CMP process can be classified as mechanical (i.e., scratching), chemical (i.e., corrosion), or physiochemical (i.e., adsorbed contaminants) according to the mechanism of formation. Traditionally, a contact cleaning method implements a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) brush to transfer cleaning chemistry to the substrate of interest and provides the necessary mechanical energy for defect removal. While this process effectively removes contaminants, its reliance on shear forces can induce secondary defect modes, such as scratching. One major challenge for the post-CMP cleaning of Cu substrates is the polymeric residue film comprised of BTA-Cu+ complexes that propagate during the CMP polishing process. The current and most effective mode to mitigate this “residue defect” is coupling brush-induced shear force with additives that promote interfacial redox reactions to remove residues through an undercutting mechanism. This work focuses on developing a “softer” and additive structure-based approach that drives less aggressive interfacial shear between the brush and wafer substrate. More specifically, α-β-unsaturated additives with diverse functionality (i.e., -unsaturated carboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, and unsaturated benzaldehydes) will be tested to evaluate their efficacy to “overcut” the organic residue via a proposed aza-Michael addition reaction pathway. This “overcutting” mechanism relies on additional modes of interaction (i.e., p-stacking, H-bonding, conformational relationships, etc.) with the BTA- Cu+ polymeric residue film. A suite of dynamic techniques (i.e., Tafel analysis, OCP vs. time, contact angle, additive diffusion analysis, and shear force) will attempt to correlate the additive structure and reaction mechanism to organic residue removal efficiency and measured interfacial shear forces. Initial results have shown that implementing an “overcutting” mechanism will decrease the overall shear force and significantly reduce the generation of secondary defects without sacrificing overall defect removal efficiency.

(Invited) Metal Corrosion Mitigation in Fine Geometries during Chemical Mechanical Planarization

In the Si semiconductor industry, aggressive device geometry scaling has given rise to new processing challenges to each new technology nodes over the past 6 decades. When the feature size shrinks to nanometer regime, new phenomenon emerges whereby significant loss in metal vias and lines can be observed after CMP.Findings from our previous studies suggest just a few nanometers of metal loss imposes serious yield loss in sub-5nm technology nodes MOL and BEOL metallization. Post CMP clean process can be responsible for ~ 50% of the metal loss after CMP. The phenomenon was observed with W, Co, and Cu alike. It affects conductors as well as liner/barrier metals, and exhibits strong dependence on pattern density, feature size, and even underlying layer. [1, 2]. Properly formulated slurries and post CMP clean chemicals can modulate the amount of metal loss and partially alleviate the issue.In this study, we continue to assess how post CMP clean chemicals and modified de-ionized water can influence the amount of metal loss for Cu interconnects. As a starter, blanket wafers resembling several different Cu/liner/low-k stacks were evaluated. The were subjected to polish with the same alkaline slurry followed by various alkaline post clean chemicals (Clean 1, pH ~ 10.2; Clean 2, pH 9.8). It was observed on the attached figure that brush clean only process with DIW alone can induce small amount of Cu loss. For wafers with polish and post clean, on a comparison basis, Clean1 resulted in slightly more Cu loss than Clean2. However, when dilute NH4OH solution (pH ~ 9.6) was introduced to replace DIW during brush clean with Clean1, the amount of Cu loss is reduced, on par with that of Clean2. The observation suggests NH4OH-treated DIW can help alleviate part of Cu loss during post CMP clean process. Patterned wafers with various combination of liner stacks will be subjected to clean process with various combinations of chemistries and/or NH4OH-treated DIW. The amount of Cu or liner loss will be characterized.

A New Integration Scheme to Prevent Chemical Attack on Floating Polysilicon Gate of Non-Volatile Memory

Silicon pitting has been observed on floating gate polysilicon layer of embedded non-volatile memory(e-NVM) process due to chemical attack caused by HBr residual interacting with moisture. This paper successfully demonstrates a new integration scheme for a robust floating gate process against silicon attack for embedded stacked/split gate non-volatile memory process. Firstly, CF4 was introduced into floating gate polysilicon etch recipe to replace HBr, which has been CMOS gate polysilicon etch gas in traditional logic process due to the advantage of higher selectivity despite the disadvantage of low vaporability, for better or cleaner process control. Secondly, an additional plasma removal stripping (PRS) clean step was added before chemical removal stripping (CRS) to give better etch by-product cleaning, even though there is no photoresist and lithography involved on the poly blanket etch for the better etch by-product cleaning. This new scheme has been verified using inline optical inspection defect-scan to prove the sufficient process margin for better mass production control that came from improved manufacturing Queue-time margin (longer waiting time) between dry-etch step, CRS step, and subsequent downstream process steps. Keywords—Flash Memory, NVM, Floating Gate, HBr, Plasma Etching, Q-time, Chemical Attack, Silicon Pitting

Analyzing the Performance of Reverse Osmosis Membranes After the Cleaning Process: Case study Performed at PT. XYZ.

Analyzing the Performance of Reverse Osmosis Membranes After the Cleaning Process: Case study Performed at PT. XYZ.

Workflow for Maxilla/Mandible Individual [Mai®] Implant by Integra Implants-How Individual Implants Are Manufactured.

The newest technology allows the medical industry to manufacture innovative products such as milled titanium prosthodontic parts in an implant for a screw-retained suprastructure. In the literature, there are some articles on the clinical usage of subperiosteal implants, but none of these publications, either in PubMed or Google Scholar, thoroughly describe the workflow for the design and manufacture of individual implants for maxillofacial surgery with milled threads for a screw-retained prosthodontic bridge. The aim of the article is to present a step-by-step method of producing personalized implants, from the first steps of production to the implantation of the final product. The article includes information on patient qualification for surgery, computational preparation and skull printing, planning of Mai Implants®, meshing, 3D printing and milling, cleaning, rinsing, anodizing, and laser marking, as well as the cleaning and sterilization process in a hospital or dental clinic. A detailed description of implant production allows for the analysis of each step and the development of technology. The production of implants is an expensive procedure, but considering all the advantages of the Mai Implants® treatment and the disadvantages of alternatives, the product is worth the price.

Lignosulfonate-derived porous carbon via self-activation for supercapacitor electrodes

This research aims to contribute to promoting a circular economy for technical lignin derived from the pulp and paper industry and developing sustainable and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions. Lignosulfonate was used as a precursor, and a three-stage carbonization method was employed to produce the electrode material. Porous carbon was successfully prepared through a self-activation process without the use of any activating agents. The resulting porous carbon was subjected to plasma treatment and screen printing, and assembled into a supercapacitor with a PVA/H2SO4 gel electrolyte. The results showed that carbonizing temperature at 1000°C boasts the highest specific surface area of 531.158 m2/g, a maximum area capacitance of 308.21 mF/cm2, the highest energy density of 27.39 μWh/cm2, and the power density of 0.0665 mW/cm2. These impressive results demonstrate the successful development of a lignosulfonate-based supercapacitor using a clean manufacturing process. This achievement can promote the high-value applications of technical lignin.

Recycling Pesticide Plastic Containers in Indonesia: An Evaluation of Technical, Economic, and Regulatory Impact Feasibility

This study explores the feasibility of recycling pesticide plastic packaging in Indonesia, focusing on technical, economic, and regulatory aspects. Technical feasibility analysis highlights challenges in material composition and pesticide residue removal, emphasizing the effectiveness of a cleaning process to ensure safety and quality of recycled materials. Economically, the study demonstrates significant cost savings when incorporating at least 40% recycled material into new packaging, enhancing market competitiveness. The regulatory analysis emphasizes the recommendation to the Indonesian government to reclassify waste pesticide containers from hazardous to non-hazardous materials following the validation of the triple rinsing trial’s effectiveness in removing pesticide residue. Reclassifying the containers as non-hazardous will reduce transportation costs from the source locations, such as plantations or farming areas, to the waste processing plant, thereby improving the economic feasibility of the pesticide plastic container recycling. Recommendations include conducting production trials with larger container sizes and adjusting the recycled material percentage, as well as exploring performance-enhancing additives for recycled plastics. Industries are advised to align with regulations by adopting best recycling practices and establishing robust compliance processes. Strengthening Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes and supporting advanced recycling infrastructure development are critical steps. These measures will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of recycling programs, ensuring regulatory compliance and promoting sustainable waste management. The study concludes that recycling pesticide plastic packaging is feasible and beneficial, provided that technical and economic challenges are effectively addressed with at least 40% recycled material content. The economic viability of recycling pesticide plastic containers will be further enhanced if the Indonesian government reclassifies the waste containers as non-hazardous, after triple rinsing process, thereby reducing transportation costs.

Development of a simultaneous analytical method for the dietary exposure determination of β-Carboline alkaloids in foods

As β-carboline (βC) alkaloids, posing potential health risks, are present in a wide variety of foods, determining the exposure degrees of food to these alkaloids from dietary activity is key to ensuring food safety. Here, we developed a rapid and sensitive simultaneous analytical method for six βC alkaloids in food. We optimized the buffered QuEChERS method, which includes a clean-up process through dispersive solid phase extraction, to extract the target compounds from food matrices; then, these compounds were detected via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We established calibration ranges for each target compound and matrix within the range of 0.05–250 μg/kg, and verified linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99) and limit of quantitation (≤1.63 μg/kg). Furthermore, we validated trueness (85.8%–118.8%) and precision (≤18.7%) at three levels within the calibration range, including the lowest and highest concentrations. Finally, we employed the developed method to determine the βC alkaloid contents in 304 samples of 41 food items and dietary exposure of six βC alkaloids resulting from daily intake. Although βC alkaloids were detected in 86.2% of the samples, exposure level to the 41 food items was insufficient to cause toxicity.

Techno-economic analysis of cleaner alternatives for recovering ammonium chloride from wastewater generated by polyvinyl chloride thermal stabilizer plants

The current conventional process for recovering NH4Cl from wastewater generated by organotin mercaptide-based polyvinyl chloride thermal stabilizer plants through evaporative crystallization is energy intensive and has not yet been discussed. Three energy-saving process variants, namely mechanical vapor recompression (MVR), double-effect evaporation (DEE), and thermal vapor recompression (TVR) processes, have been proposed and evaluated in terms of both technical and economic feasibility, treating the case as a cost-cutting project aimed to avoid off-site wastewater treatment costs. Comparative evaluation has also been carried out with the conventional (CON) process used as a reference. Under the studied conditions, the MVR, DEE, and TVR processes provided energy savings in the ranges of 60%–76%, 35%–43%, and 26%–37%, respectively, confirming that applying the three alternative processes for recovering NH4Cl results in a significantly cleaner and more sustainable recovery process. Under typical conditions and with a plant capacity of 5000 kg/h, the MVR, DEE, and TVR processes required an additional investment of 2.3, 1.0, and 0.2 million USD, respectively, compared to the CON process. The revenue was primarily driven by cost savings due to the elimination of off-site wastewater treatment, which accounted for 86.9% of the total revenue. Sensitivity analysis showed that the off-site wastewater treatment cost was found to be the most influential factor on economic feasibility. When economic targets can be traded off, MVR process is highly recommended as an alternative to the conventional energy-intensive process. If economic feasibility comparable to the conventional process is still targeted, DEE and TVR are recommended. The results of this study dismiss concerns that cleaner processes would have a negative economic impact.

Cleaner Process for the Selective Extraction of Lithium from Spent Aluminum Electrolyte Slag

Cleaner Process for the Selective Extraction of Lithium from Spent Aluminum Electrolyte Slag

Advantages of surgical instrument traceability for the hospital, staff and patient

Introduction: Traceability is the sterilization of surgical instruments, performed by the Materials and Sterilization Center (MSC), resulting in a reduction in the incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) associated with the cleaning, disinfection and sterilization processes of health products. Objectives: To analyze in the literature the advantages and means of traceability of surgical instruments in the MSC managed by the nurse for the hospital institution, surgical team and patients. Methodology: This is a narrative review, in which seven articles were selected from electronic databases. Results: Two thematic categories were created for discussion: the advantages of traceability of surgical instruments and the traceability means currently used. Final considerations: The traceability of the process steps, control of inputs, costs and maintenance records of instruments by the MSC assists in the planning of investments in new instruments, contributing to the management and care aspects.

Cleaning validation for blister packaging machines in hospital-supplying pharmacies

ObjectiveTo ensure quality-assured care for patients, validation of a cleaning process for blister machines is essential. Due to the high operating costs of maintaining high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which is...

Electrostatic Force-Assisted Transfer of Flexible Silicon Photodetector Focal Plane Arrays for Image Sensors.

Flexible photodetectors are pivotal in contemporary optoelectronic technology applications, such as data reception and image sensing, yet their performance and yield are often hindered by the challenge of heterogeneous integration between photoactive materials and flexible substrates. Here, we showcase the potential of an electrostatic force-assisted transfer printing technique for integrating Si PIN photodiodes onto flexible substrates. This clean and dry process eliminates the need for chemical etchants, making it a highly desirable method for manufacturing high-performance flexible photodetector arrays, expanding their widespread applications in electronic eyes, robotics, and human-machine interaction. As a demonstration, a 5 × 5 flexible Si photodetector focal plane array is constructed for imaging sensors and shaped into a convex semicylindrical form to achieve a π field of view with long-term mechanical and thermal stability. Such an approach provides a high yield rate and consistent performance, with the single photodetector demonstrating exceptional characteristics, including a responsivity of 0.61 A/W, a response speed of 39.77 MHz, a linear dynamic range of 108.53 dB, and a specific detectivity of 2.75 × 1012 Jones at an applied voltage of -3 V at 940 nm.

Stability and SERS signal strength of laser-generated gold, silver, and bimetallic nanoparticles at different KCl concentrations

Noble metal nanoparticles, specifically gold and silver, are extensively utilized in sensors, catalysts, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and optical-electronic components due to their unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties. The production of these nanoparticles involves various methods, but among the environmentally friendly approaches, laser ablation stands out as it eliminates the need for toxic chemicals during purification. However, nanoparticle aggregation poses a challenge in laser ablation, necessitating the addition of extra materials that contaminate the otherwise clean process. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of a biocompatible material, potassium chloride (KCl), in preventing particle aggregation. Although salt is known to trigger aggregation, we observed that certain concentrations of KCl can slow down this process. Over an eight-week period, we examined the aggregation rate, extinction behavior, and stability of gold, silver, and hybrid nanoparticles generated in different KCl concentrations. Extinction spectra, SEM images, SERS signal strength, and zeta potential were analyzed. Our results demonstrate that laser ablation in water and salt solutions yields nanoparticles with a spherical shape and a negative zeta potential. Importantly, we identified the optimal concentration of potassium chloride salt that maintains solution stability and SERS signal strength. Adsorbed chloride ions on silver nanoparticles were evidenced by low-frequency SERS band near 242 cm−1. A better understanding of the effect of KCl concentration on the properties of noble metal nanoparticles can lead to improved generation protocols and the development of tailored nanoparticle systems with enhanced stability and SERS activity.