Clean Green Energy Research Articles

Problems in Efficient Development of Clean Energy in Xizang

As Xizang's economic development enters the new normal stage, the extensive and highly polluting production mode in the past no longer meets the needs of high-quality economic development in Xizang. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reduce the consumption of traditional fossil energy, develop low-carbon and clean green energy, optimize the energy structure, and promote green and sustainable economic development.

Metal-free thiophene-based covalent organic frameworks achieve efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by accelerating interfacial charge transfer

Photocatalysis is widely recognized as an efficient and environmentally friendly pathway for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. In recent years, designing efficient hydrogen evolution to obtain green clean energy has been one of the major challenges faced by researchers. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are considered as new and effective photocatalyst due to the inherent porosity, high crystallinity and structural adjustability. In this study, two metal-free thiophene-based covalent organic frameworks (JLNU-308 and JLNU-309) were constructed by solvothermal method through effective modulation sites. Because JLNU-COFs has a narrow band gap and good absorption capacity in the spectral range, the interfacial charge transfer speed is accelerated to solve the problem of low charge separation efficiency. Remarkably, JLNU-309 displays an impressive hydrogen evolution rate of 2868.57 μmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is due to the triazine units, which have high visible light absorption capacity, one-dimensional nanochannels of two-dimensional COFs and synergy with charge mobility. The photoelectrochemical measurements and calculation of density functional theory (DFT) supports the accuracy of the experiment. This work opens an avenue for constructing functional covalent organic frameworks for environmentally relevant critical applications. In addition, the simple synthesis process, excellent activity and high chemical stability indicate that JLNU-COFs are promising photocatalytic hydrogen production materials.

Study on the Physical Properties of Hydrogen-Doped Natural Gas Based on Equation of State

As a zero-emission green clean energy, hydrogen energy is an important means to achieve the strategic goal of carbon neutrality and an important part of the energy Internet. Hydrogen-doped natural gas transportation is an economical and feasible scheme to realize long-distance transportation of hydrogen by using the existing natural gas pipeline network. However, the addition of hydrogen to natural gas will cause obvious changes in the physical properties of the transport medium, which will have a certain impact on the transport characteristics and flow measurement of the pipeline. The main problem is that we need to understand the changes of physical properties after natural gas mixed with hydrogen to ensure the safe operation of natural gas pipe network mixed with hydrogen. Based on this situation, this paper takes BWRS equation as the theoretical basis, selects typical natural gas temperament, calculates and solves the physical parameters of natural gas under different hydrogen blending ratios, and compares them with the standard physical reference values. After verification, the results are used to explore the physical properties of hydrogen-doped natural gas with hydrogen blending ratio, temperature and pressure as variables. The relative average absolute value error (RAAD) of the calculated physical properties of hydrogen-doped natural gas in this paper is less than 2% compared with the reference value of standard physical properties, which can provide theoretical data basis for studying hydrogen-doped pipeline transportation, ensuring pipeline transportation safety and hydrogen-doped natural gas metering.

Manual wooden low-pressure briquetting press: An alternative technology of waste biomass utilisation in developing countries of Southeast Asia

Although briquetting is an appropriate technology for the production of renewable energy, its widespreadness in Southeast Asia is limited. Especially due to the high initial investments and energy consumption of a high-pressure briquetting press. However, manual low-pressure briquetting presses (operating pressure <5 MPa) can represent a relevant alternative, regarding to their ease of use and modest energy consumption. The aim of the present research was to develop and verify a manual wooden low pressure briquetting press with a square-shaped pressing chamber, piston and a single lever as a pressing unit. In practice, press was designed, manufactured, and verified by successful bio-briquette samples production. Four different feedstock mixtures were prepared from coconut mesocarp fibre (CF), bamboo skin (BS), pineapple leaves (PL), sugarcane bagasse (SB); each mixed with external binding agent (wastepaper) in biomass:binder ratios of 1:1 and 2:1. The achieved bulk density ρ ranged from 204.30 ± 15.73 kg m−3 for 1:1 feedstock mixtures and 199.31 ± 23.13 kg m−3 for 2:1 feedstock mixtures. The press efficiency, feasibility and practicability were positively evaluated within their possible utilisation in rural areas of developing countries. The importance of research increases constantly due to the worldwide need for a transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, proper waste management, and reduction of environmental and health risks related to improper treatment of waste materials. The final idea of the article contributes to the development of the sector of clean green energy production, simultaneously with raising awareness about sustainable technologies for proper waste management within the wide public.

Role of green energy usage in reduction of environmental degradation: A comparative study of East Asian countries

Global environmental sustainability is a key concern, where green energy usage is considered an important indicator. This paper aims to empirically investigate the impact of green energy usage on environmental degradation. A sample of East Asian countries is selected from 1990 to 2021. For this purpose, comparative analysis and pooled analysis are undertaken. East Asian region is chosen for study as these countries are pioneers of clean green energy usage worldwide. The impact of green energy usage on environmental sustainability is analysed along with controlling the effect of health, outcome, population, and financial development. The study's findings indicate that green energy significantly decreased environmental degradation by reducing carbon dioxide emissions in China and Japan. However, Mongolia is not a sovereign nation in producing and consuming green energy; thus, renewable energy consumption could not reduce environmental degradation there. Seemingly, pooled analysis also proved that green energy is crucial for sustainable environment in East Asia and helps policymakers globally take sustainable environmental measures, which becomes a crucial requirement for many other activities that enhance growth.

Effeciency assessment of IoT devices control with Teletraffic theory

In connection with the global decarbonization program until 2050, the transition to clean green energy, the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) number, and energy distribution and control across the load are being raised. The relevance of the work is confirmed that there has been significant growth of the industrial IoT for years, significantly changing the mechanism of industrial enterprise management programs. The object of the research is the IoT device control system for efficient energy distribution using a Queuing Theory, namely the Teletraffic Theory. The novelty of the work is that the Teletraffic Theory, which deals with the mathematical modeling and analysis of traffic patterns in communication networks, can be explicitly applied to IoT device control. The authors developed a mathematical model of IoT control using the Teletraffic Theory and, based on it, created a simulation model of a network router and a transition schedule in the "GPSS World" software. The obtained results of the work were 16 states and a balance equation in which all probabilities were found. Probabilities were used to calculate nodes and network characteristics. 100,000 requests from IoT devices coming to two routers were simulated. The study results showed that the first node's load is 63.2 % with an average processing time per transaction of M=1.436 sec., and the load of the second node is 32 % with M=0.914 sec. The created network router model worked with minimal losses during transactions. Accordingly, the IoT control system developed in this study has shown its effectiveness and is applicable for practical use in controlling IoT devices in Smart Grid. It is planned to research the possibility of using Teletraffic Theory in energy distribution control systems in Smart Grids

The Geothermal Development Policy on Environmental in Indonesia and the USA

Geothermal utilization is generally used as clean green energy because of its contribution to gradually eliminating high carbon energy. However, in practice, geothermal damage to the environment, even regulation of its utilization does not guarantee environmental justice. This research study aims to determine environmentally just geothermal regulations to eliminate negative environmental impacts and public rejection of geothermal utilization. This study uses normative legal research. The results of this study indicate that geothermal potential can replace high-carbon energy even though it still has a damaging impact on the environment. Community rejection occurs in various areas where geothermal exploitation occurs in conservation forest areas. Geothermal energy regulation in Indonesia is no more pro-ecological than in the USA. Based on the analysis of the legal gap between the theory of ecological justice and the legal triangle and energy policy, it is found that the principles of geothermal regulation must prioritize ecology, not mere exploitation. The findings of this study are strengthening the principles of geothermal regulation based on ecological justice. Standardization of handling and monitoring of environmental impacts must be carried out in an integrated manner based on area category to avoid the widening of the ecological impact of geothermal utilization which results in rejection of the next project.

Research on control strategy of photovoltaic hydrogen generation system based on Fuzzy PI control

Under the goal of carbon peak and neutrality, the search for efficient and clean green energy has attracted widespread attention. Photovoltaic (PV) hydrogen production has become a research hotspot because of its clean and near-zero carbon emissions. However, due to the influence of natural light, PV power generation is volatile and intermittent, reducing the system’s stability. In order to improve the stability of the system, a large number of power electronic devices and control strategies are applied to the PV hydrogen production system. Among them, the Buck circuit using proportional–integral (PI) control is the most widely used. However, the PI control has a long response time and large ripple, which affects the energy efficiency of PV hydrogen production. This paper proposes a PV hydrogen production system control strategy based on Fuzzy PI control. In the Matlab/Simulink environment, a simulation model of a PV hydrogen production system composed of PV cells, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, and DC/DC units is built. The DC/DC unit uses a Buck circuit. Simulation analysis compares the output voltage and current ripple of the PV hydrogen production system model under different working conditions using the Fuzzy PI control and classical PI control strategies. Finally, the simulation results verify that the proposed control strategy reduces the system output voltage and current ripple.

Preparation of flower-like hydrogel and its application in sea water desalination

The situation of global water crisis is becoming more and more serious[1]. Due to the inconvenience of fresh water carrying or long-term storage and deterioration, the personnel and equipment of oceangoing ships are in urgent need of fresh water resources[2]. However, the traditional seawater desalination technology will consume fossil energy or its economy is not high. Under the background of a series of green ship development plans, people focus on green clean energy to solve the problem of fresh water shortage[3]. Interfacial photoevaporation is an effective strategy to promote seawater desalination and pollutant treatment. Photothermal conversion materials and evaporators have shown their good performance in improving seawater desalination efficiency. In this paper, the photohot water gel prepared by calcium chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium citrate, tannic acid and ferric chloride was used as the photothermal conversion material[4]. The properties of photoevaporative seawater desalination materials were studied by a series of instruments such as optical microscope and contact Angle measuring instrument. The experimental results show that the flower-like hydrogel has high photothermal conversion efficiency and has a good application prospect in green Marine desalination field.

A scheduling strategy for a new energy highway integrated network with clean green energy synergy

Purpose Green energy as a transportation supply trend is irreversible. In this paper, a highway energy supply system (HESS) evolution model is proposed to provide highway transportation vehicles and service facilities with a clean electricity supply and form a new model of a source-grid-load-storage-charge synergistic highway-PV-WT integrated system (HPWIS). This paper aims to improve the flexibility index of highways and increase CO2 emission reduction of highways. Design/methodology/approach To maximize the integration potential, a new energy-generation, storage and information-integration station is established with a dynamic master–slave game model. The flexibility index is defined to evaluate the system ability to manage random fluctuations in power generation and load levels. Moreover, CO2 emission reduction is also quantified. Finally, the Lianhuo Expressway is taken as an example to calculate emission reduction and flexibility. Findings The results show that through the application of the scheduling strategy to the HPWIS, the flexibility index of the Lianhuo Expressway increased by 29.17%, promoting a corresponding decrease in CO2 emissions. Originality/value This paper proposed a new model to capture the evolution of the HESS, which provides highway transportation vehicles and service facilities with a clean electricity supply and achieves energy transfer aided by an energy storage system, thus forming a new model of a transportation energy system with source-grid-load-storage-charge synergy. An evaluation method is proposed to improve the air quality index through the coordination of new energy generation and environmental conditions, and dynamic configuration and dispatch are achieved with the master–slave game model.

Enhanced charge storage performance of MXene based all-solid-state supercapacitor with vertical graphene arrays as the current collector

The dwindling depletion of fossil fuels and ever-growing energy demand are the two sole persuasive reasons of the search for renewable clean green energy sources and the storing of these energy sources are called for immediate attention for the fabrication of supercapacitor like efficient energy storage devices. Variety of electrode materials have been investigated over the past years to surpass the shortcomings (low energy density, poor stability, high internal resistance etc.) of the two main category of supercapacitors i.e., electric double layer (EDL) capacitor and pseudocapacitor. To tie the advantages of both of these types of supercapacitive materials, herein we have fabricated a two-electrode symmetric device using Ti3C2Tx MXene and passivated vertical graphene nanosheets (VGN) as a current collector material. The easily synthesized material was investigated through several characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, surface area analysis and finally the electrochemical measurements. The device displayed a high areal capacitance of 199 mF/cm2 at 0.08 mA/cm2 along with an excellent stability and columbic efficiency of 90 % and nearly 100 % over 6000 repetitive charge-discharge cycles. The energy density and corresponding power density were also found to be remarkable and as high as 13.57 μWh/cm2 and 31.07 μW/cm2 respectively. To corroborate our experimental observations qualitatively, we have carried out the extensive Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations and presented the structural and electronic properties of pristine VGN and MXene sheets and MXene@VGN. The interaction between VGN and MXene is due to charge transfer from Ti 3d orbital of MXene to C 2p orbital of VGN. Enhanced quantum capacitance and lower diffusion energy barrier for the electrolyte's ions in MXene@VGN justify the superior charge storage performance in the modified structure compared to pristine VGN and MXene as observed in the experiment. The computed quantum capacitance follows the trend MXene@VGN > MXene > VGN, matching nicely with the trend of specific capacitance obtained in the experiment.

Thermal and electrical performance of solar floating PV system compared to on-ground PV system-an experimental investigation

Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) is a relatively new concept for producing clean green energy. This study presents the results of an experimental investigation of a small-scale FPV system. The goal is to evaluate and compare the thermal and electrical performances of mono and polycrystalline photovoltaic modules used in FPV with those of On Ground PV (OPV) systems with a similar nominal capacity. To accomplish this, a test bench consisting of an FPV and an OPV system has been established. The results show that when the water body is partially covered with a Floating PV system, water evaporation is reduced by 17%. And it is reduced by around 28% when fully covered. It was also found that water bodies provide an adequate cooling effect. Lowering the front temperature of Floating PV modules by 2–4% and the back temperature by 5–11% compared to similar On-ground PV modules. Thermal imaging revealed that at 0 degrees of tilt, the front temperatures of the modules are uniform. Still, as the tilt increases, a temperature gradient is observed between the bottom and middle parts of the modules. In addition, an experimental test was performed to compare the power generation of Floating PV at varying tilt angles. The test results show that the Floating PV system produces the most energy when installed at the annual optimal tilt angle. As a result, for FPV, adjusting the Photovoltaic panels to their optimized tilt angle is also recommended. While Floating PV system produces 20–28% more energy than the on-ground PV system at 0°as compared to the optimal tilt angle.

An optimized nonlinear grey Bernoulli prediction model and its application in natural gas production

Natural gas, an efficient, eco-friendly and clean green energy, has become one of the important energy structures of various countries in the world, accurately predicting the production of natural gas can help the national energy agency solve “gas shortage” problem. To accurately predict natural gas production in China, this paper establishes an optimized grey system model with weighted fractional accumulation generation operation (abbreviated as WFNGBM(1,1,N)). The proposed model has all the advantages of the GMP(1,1,N) model, NGBM(1,1) model and weighted fractional accumulation generation operation, which makes it have excellent prediction performance. Moreover, five outstanding intelligent optimization algorithms (whale optimization algorithm, marine predators algorithm, grasshopper optimization algorithm, equilibrium optimization algorithm and arithmetic optimization algorithm) are used to solve the hyperparameters of the WFNGBM(1,1,N) model. It is found that the WFNGBM(1,1,N) model has the characteristics of convertibility and small sample modeling, which indicates that it is a small sample prediction model with strong compatibility. After confirming the feasibility of the proposed model compared with its competing models by using natural gas production in Germany, Italy and Canada as examples, the proposed model is used to study China’s natural gas production. The results show that this model is very suitable for predicting and analyzing natural gas production in China. Based on this, the WFNGBM(1,1,N) model is used to estimate China’s natural gas production in the next three years, and some reasonable suggestions are given according to the development trend of natural gas production.

Layered thermoelectric materials: Structure, bonding, and performance mechanisms

The ever-increasing world-wide energy consumption and crisis of environmental pollution have aroused enthusiasm on developing high-efficiency and green-clean energy conversion technology. Thermoelectric materials enable an environmentally friendly conversion between heat and electricity, and therefore serve as an optimum candidate for solving the current dilemma and contribute to the carbon-neutral target. Among the thermoelectric family, layered materials have shared a great portion with impressive thermoelectric performance originating from their (quasi-)two-dimensional crystal structure with hierarchical bonding, i.e., strong intralayer and weak interlayer bonds. This structure and bonding feature is believed to be propitious to low lattice thermal conductivity, low-dimensional electrical features, and anisotropic electron and phonon transport behaviors, which offer great opportunity to disentangle the inter-coupled thermoelectric parameters. For those benefits, layered materials emerge endlessly in the field of thermoelectricity and have achieved extensive attention. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the field of layered thermoelectric materials. The structure and bonding peculiarities of layered thermoelectric materials are outlined. Then, following the classification of single-unit, quasi-double-unit, and double-unit layered thermoelectric materials, the crystal and bonding features in some typical layered thermoelectric materials are discussed, with focus on their current research interest and progresses. The possible mechanisms behind the performance optimization will be analyzed. Finally, some personal views on the prospect of this field, including chemical bond perspective and interlayer electronic transport enhancement are also presented.

Industry 4.0 and Green Sustainable Manufacturing: A Smarter and Effective Process Management

Industry 4.0 (Fourth Industrial Revolution) and green process manufacturing are similar to each other and work closely as they are new concepts in manufacturing production &amp; operations management. Today the need of expansion in businesses directly leads to adoption of new concepts of manufacturing and also making awareness of those used processes to ultimate consumers is needed. Industry 4.0 is related to the processes with latest technologies such as clean-green energy, automation, internet of things (IoT) and digitization, whereas, green manufacturing is almost similar like use of fewer natural resources, reduction in pollution &amp; waste, reducing carbon footprints, recycle &amp; reuse of material and moderate emission in processes. Country’s sustainable growth right now is major among other strategies and every country is trying and working hard to incorporate the development process through adoption of these types of tools &amp; techniques. Industry 4.0 technologies and green manufacturing relate to “Green Dialogue” and to some extent proving the object also. Now, introduction of Industry 5.0 is welcoming fully fledged automation of industries with green processes like G-IoT. However, climate health, consumers health and production &amp; operation health is on priority to have healthier green clean sustainable development in the world. From the above title, the purpose of this study is to present the potential of the industries under new industrial revolution with the combination to eco-friendly manufacturing leading to knowledge of the updated technologies used for their respective ecological production &amp; operation management. These concepts are considered to be new around the world and most of the developed countries are more active in accepting these sustainable concepts in their operations and production in industries. Developing countries like India are way behind in acquiring these concepts as manufacturing is aware but not willing to pay extra cost of production in advancing the operation &amp; production process. Most of the top manufacturers of India have already started using this sustainable process as they have to prove their responsibility towards society at large by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) also.

Overview of the Load-source Duality Modeling for Demand Side

With the increase of load and clean-green energy connect to the power system, big challenges are brought to the traditional control method of generation-follows-load (GFL). Therefore, it is important to study the load-follows-generation (LFG) models which can achieve active demand response by changing the load temporarily to reduce the difference between maximum and minimum load. This paper introduces the concept of LFG and GFL models, summarizes the difference between them and puts forward the concept of load-source duality at first. Then, introduces load response modeling, optimization objectives, constraints, scheduling methods and control methods of six LFG models based on the recent research results in this area. Each model can alleviate the pressure in maintaining stability on the generation side, improving the safety and reliability of the power system. Finally, this paper puts forward the future development trend of LFG models based on the overviews.

Research on Improved Fuzzy Evaluation Model for Power System Development Diagnosis

With the increase of clean-green energy connected to the power system, the development of power system becomes increasingly complicated. There are many internal and external factors that affect the planning and development of power system. Thus, it is important to evaluate and analysis the development state of the power system. This paper proposed an improved fuzzy evaluation model for power system development diagnosis which can determine the development stages and situation of the power system.

Preparation of Pt supported on mesoporous Mg–Al oxide catalysts for efficient dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane

Hydrogen energy, characterizing by high-energy density, non-pollution and renewability, is regarded as an ideal clean green energy, and the chemical hydrogen storage is an optimal strategy to realize its large-scale utilization. In this study, to enhance the hydrogen evolution rate in the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane (MCH), Pt supported on Mg–Al oxide catalysts were prepared and the effects of the co-precipitation reaction time during the preparation of Mg–Al hydrotalcite on their structural properties were studied in detail. The results showed that both the pore diameter and Pt dispersion were increased after prolonging the precipitation reaction time. During the dehydrogenation of MCH, these resultant catalysts presented high activity and good stability: hydrogen evolution rate reached up to 1892 mmol·gPt−1 min−1 at 623 K and the conversion was still held at 92% after 218 h. Of course, a slight decrease on the conversion during the dehydrogenation reaction was also observed, which was mainly attributed to the aggregation of Pt particles at high temperature.

Economic feasibility evaluation of shale gas stratified development in Chongqing area

Shale gas as a clean green energy has been rapidly developed in China. At present, the vertical production rate of shale gas in Chongqing area is low, and it is difficult to take into account the whole highquality shale segment with thickness of tens of meters only by one well pattern. In this paper, the internal rate of return (IRR) is used to calculate the impact of different costs and exploitation conditions on the development effect of two shale gas layers. The results show that shale gas development will be profitable only when the cost per well is controlled at around 70 million and production is provided at more than 100 million cubic meters. Domestic producers should further reduce the cost of shale gas development, increase the productivity of single well and maximize the benefit of domestic shale gas development by means of integrated innovation and technological optimization.

Use of Keratin Present in Chicken feather as a Hydrogen Storage Material: A Review

Global warming is the major consequence of pollution. The pollutants that contribute to global warming are commonly known as greenhouse gases. The world has seen an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration over the past few years. The largest sources of carbon emission is the combustion of fossil fuels. The concept of “Green Clean Energy” raised on a mission to reduce the release of these hazardous emissions. Hydrogen is one of those clean energy fuel which helps in solving the present crisis. Materials such as chicken feathers can be used as a medium to store hydrogen. Several research studies are reviewed where chicken feathers are thermally treated by the method of pyrolysis to make them a novel material for hydrogen storage. The uniqueness in the structure and properties of chicken feather is it contains 90% of keratin fibre when heated increases its micropore volume that results in higher hydrogen uptake.