Clay Nanoparticles Research Articles

Maghnite: an innovative inorganic reinforcement utilized in the synthesis of polyamide 12 nanocomposites with optimized thermal and mechanical properties

Abstract This study will contribute to the identification and understanding of the reinforcement mechanisms of thermoplastic matrices by nanofillers. This aspect is addressed through the investigation of the thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites consisting of a polyamide 12 (PA12) matrix crammed with organically modified clay nanoparticles. An efficient approach to the synthesis of polyamide 12 (PA12) nanocomposites was investigated; Maghnite may be a processed Algerian mineral clay which will act both as a catalyst and as an inorganic reinforcement. Two sorts of organic substances were used, labeled CTA-Mag (1CEC) and CTA-Mag (2CEC), modified by cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) ions. However, PA12/CTA-Mag nanocomposites are characterized by various physico-chemical techniques, XRD, FTIR, TGA, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Measurements of tensile modulus, yield strength, lastingness, elongation at break and toughness were done to assess the behavior of the mechanical properties. Furthermore, we have analyzed the consequences of the mass fraction of the fillers on the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of those nanocomposites. Specific attention has been paid to the study of relationships between the macroscopic properties and therefore the structure of nanocomposites. Thermomechanical tests showed a big improvement within the properties of the nanocomposites compared to neat PA12.

Application of Green Synthesized MMT/Ag Nanocomposite for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution

Textile industries are the largest consumer of synthetic dyestuff compounds and consequently, they are the prime contributor of colored organic contaminants to the environment. The dye compounds when released in soil or freshwater resources such as rivers, cause a potential hazard to living beings due to their toxic, allergic and carcinogenic nature. Current conventional treatment methods for removal or degradation of such dyestuff materials from water systems are not sufficient, and therefore, there is an immediate need to find efficient and eco-friendly approaches. In this regard, nanotechnology can offer an effective solution to this problem. In the present work, montmorillonite/silver nanocomposite (MMT/Ag nanocomposite) is developed through green synthesis methods using naturally occurring montmorillonite (MMT) clay and silver nanoparticles. The material was characterized by using a particle size analyzer (PSA), UV/Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and a Brunner–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer. The adsorption efficiency of the nanocomposite and per cent removal of methylene blue (MB) was investigated by using a batch system.

Polyvinyl alcohol -nanocomposite films incorporated with clay nanoparticles and lipopeptides as active food wraps against food spoilage microbes

In the study, the effectiveness of lipopeptide containing nanocomposite film has been investigated for food packaging applications against the spoilage organisms and foodborne pathogens. Here, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) films incorporated with clay nanoparticles (C) and lipopeptides (L) were prepared by solvent casting. The prepared films were further characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, universal testing machine, and scanning electron microscopy. From the results, the lipopeptides and clay nanoparticles incorporated PVOH nanocomposite film (PNF) was found to have enhanced mechanical and barrier properties when compared with the neat PVOH film. The thickness, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at break, and water absorption capacity of the PNF film were 0.170 ± 0.008 mm, 34.4 ± 1.8 MPa, 1.4 ± 0.3 GPa, 82 ± 2 %, and 94.92 %, respectively. The PNF film developed in the study was found to inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogen Salmonella typhimurium and also the spoilage causing Pythium myriotylum. From the results, the films engineered with the lipopeptides and clay nanoparticles can be considered to have application as active food packaging wraps for the protection and preservation of food products.

Improvement in the thermal and mechanical properties of PP/Clay nanocomposite using novel ethoxylated oxidized PE wax as a compatibilizer

AbstractAn ethoxylated polyethylene wax (E‐OPEW) was synthesized by PEGylation reaction between methoxy polyethylene glycol and oxidized PE wax. Clay nanoparticles were modified with different ratios of E‐OPEW and then compounded with PP by the melt mixing process. E‐OPEW and PP showed excellent compatibility, but at high percentages of wax (15%), incompatibility occurred between the two phases. In addition, the presence of modified clays in the PP matrix decreased the crystallinity percentage, though it did not change the melting temperature significantly. The results showed that functionalized wax is able to penetrate between clay platelets and increase the distance between them and improve their dispersion in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, it was observed that the distance between clay platelets increased by increasing E‐OPEW content. In addition, this result led to a significant improvement in the barrier properties of clay platelets and the thermal stability of the modified nanocomposite compared to other cases. Despite the improved dispersion of nanoparticles, the mechanical strength of nanocomposites decreased at a high percentage of E‐OPEW.

Effect of Nanoparticles Surface Bonding and Aspect Ratio on Mechanical Properties of Highly Cross-Linked Epoxy Nanocomposites: Mesoscopic Simulations.

The paper aims to study the mechanical properties of epoxy resin filled with clay nanoparticles (NPs), depending on their shapes and content on the surface of a modifying agent capable of forming covalent bonds with a polymer. The cylindrical clay nanoparticles with equal volume and different aspects ratios (disks, barrel, and stick) are addressed. The NPs’ bonding ratio with the polymer (RGC) is determined by the fraction of reactive groups and conversion time and varies from RGC = 0 (non-bonded nanoparticles) to RGC = 0.65 (more than half of the surface groups are linked with the polymer matrix). The performed simulations show the so-called load-bearing chains (LBCs) of chemically cross-linked monomers and modified nanoparticles to determine the mechanical properties of the simulated composites. The introduction of nanoparticles leads to the breaking of such chains, and the chemical cross-linking of NPs with the polymer matrix restores the LBCs and strengthens the composite. At small values of RGC, the largest value of the elastic modulus is found for systems filled with nanoparticles having the smallest surface area, and at high values of RGC, on the contrary, the systems containing disk-shaped particles with the largest surface area have a larger elastic modulus than the others. All calculations are performed within the framework of a mesoscopic model based on accurate mapping of the atomistic structures of the polymer matrix and nanoparticles into coarse-grained representations, which, if necessary, allow reverse data mapping and quantitative assessment of the state of the filled epoxy resin. On the other hand, the obtained data can be used to design the functional materials with specified mechanical properties based on other practically significant polymer matrices and nanofillers.

Antibacterial performance of hybrid nanocomposite coatings containing clay and silver nanoparticles

The performance of biocide-based coatings for health care applications, using the drug delivery method, depends primarily on the diffusive properties of storage material. When the active component is ionic silver, supplied from silver nanoparticles, an additional dissolution step must occur in the bulk of the storage material. This article presents the silver release behavior of organic-inorganic sol-gel hybrid coatings and the effect of clay-nanoparticle composite, added in the sol-type formulation. Hybrid coatings were synthesized from the hydrolytic condensation of (3-glycidoxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and tetraethoxysilane in acidic media. Clay nanoparticles, previously silanized with GPTMS, and silver nitrate were used as additives in sol-gel formulations, alternatively. Coatings were deposited on microscope glass slides by the dip-coating process at a constant withdrawal rate and densified at 150 °C. Through small angle X-ray scattering from a synchrotronic source, and transmission electron microscopy, the structure of hybrid matrix, silver nanoparticles morphology and the storability behavior of silver nanoparticles under leaching conditions was analyzed. Silver releasing process was analyzed by following the evolution of silver nanoparticles remaining in the coatings, by UV–visible spectroscopy, and the increase of silver ions in the liquid medium, using inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy. Microbiological studies showed that the lixiviated silver exhibited inhibitory properties against E. coli in LB broth. The clay nanoparticles worked as a stabilizing agent avoiding the agglomeration of silver both on the sols and on the surface of the thermally densified coatings

Unsteady thermal transport flow of Maxwell clay nanoparticles with generalized Mittag-Leffler kernel of Prabhakar's kind

The present work deals with an unsteady flow of a Maxwell fluid including clay nanoparticles via Prabhakar fractional operator. Thermal conductivity and viscosity coefficients for nanoparticles depends upon the Brinkman and Maxwell-Garnett models are computed analytically. The fractional mathematical model is developed through constitutive laws and transformed into non-dimensional form with suitable dimensionless parameters. Laplace transform is applied to obtain the generalized results for temperature and velocity distributions. The influence of volume fraction, dimensionless numbers and different fractional parameters depending upon temperature and velocity profile are justified and made up by MATHCAD software. We find several limiting solutions and compare them to the most recent literature. Furthermore, significant outcomes for clay nanoparticles with various base fluids have been reported. As a result, it is found that generalized Mittag-Leffler kernel with three parameters exhibits stronger than power law kernel and Mittag-Leffler kernel with one parameter. Water based nanoparticles shown maximum velocity with distinctive peak near the plate. For greater values of time and fractional parameters fluid properties like temperature and velocity can be enhanced.

Effect of Nanocomposite Clay/low-density Polyethylene Film on the Quality of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillets Stored with Four Different Packaging Conditions

ABSTRACT To improve the quality and increase the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets, nanocomposite clay/low-density polyethylene films were used during 25 days of refrigerated storage (4 °C). Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films with 5 wt% clay nanoparticles (sodium montmorillonite, MMT) were used for packaging of rainbow trout fillets using 4 different packaging conditions (modified atmosphere packaging (MAP): 60 N2, 35 CO2, and 5% O2; vacuum packaging (VP); air packaging (AP); and control). Fish samples were analyzed on the first day and every 5 days to determine the extent of microbial deterioration, chemical changes, and sensory properties. Based on obtained results, the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets was determined as ~10 days for the control group, and 15, 20, and 25 days for the AP, VP, and MAP packages, respectively.

Introducing a flexible drug delivery system based on poly(glycerol sebacate)-urethane and its nanocomposite: potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases

In this study, a novel biopolymer based on poly(glycerol sebacic)-urethane (PGS-U) and its nanocomposites containing Cloisite@30B were synthesized by facile approach in which the crosslinking was created by aliphatic hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) at room temperature and 80 °C. Moreover, metronidazole and tetracycline drugs were selected as target drugs and loaded into PGSU based nanocomposites. A uniform and continuous microstructure with smooth surface is observed in the case of pristine PGS-U sample. The continuity of microstructure is observed in the case of all bionanocomposites. XRD result confirmed an intercalated morphology for PGSU containing 5 wt% of clay nanoparticles with a d-spacing 3.4 nm. The increment of nanoclay content up to 5%, the ultimate tensile stress and elastic modulus were obtained nearly 0.32 and 0.83 MPa, which the latter was more than eight-fold than that of pristine PGS-U. A sustained release for both dugs was observed by 200 h. The slowest and controlled drug release rate was determined in the case of PGSU containing 5 wt% clay and cured at 80 °C. A non-Fickian diffusion can be concluded in the case of tetracycline release via PGS-U/nanoclay bionanocomposites, while a Fickian process was detected in the case of metronidazole release by PGS-U/nanoclay bionanocomposites. As a result, the designed scaffold showed high flexibility, which makes it an appropriate option for utilization in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Robust hemostatic bandages based on nanoclay electrospun membranes

Death from acute hemorrhage is a major problem in military conflicts, traffic accidents, and surgical procedures, et al. Achieving rapid effective hemostasis for pre-hospital care is essential to save lives in massive bleeding. An ideal hemostasis material should have those features such as safe, efficient, convenient, economical, which remains challenging and most of them cannot be achieved at the same time. In this work, we report a rapid effective nanoclay-based hemostatic membranes with nanoclay particles incorporate into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) electrospun fibers. The nanoclay electrospun membrane (NEM) with 60 wt% kaolinite (KEM1.5) shows better and faster hemostatic performance in vitro and in vivo with good biocompatibility compared with most other NEMs and clay-based hemostats, benefiting from its enriched hemostatic functional sites, robust fluffy framework, and hydrophilic surface. The robust hemostatic bandages based on nanoclay electrospun membrane is an effective candidate hemostat in practical application.

A comparative study on effects of layered double hydroxide (LDH) and halloysite nanotube (HNT) on the physical, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of reed flour/polyvinyl chloride composites

The objective of this research was to comprehensively compare the effects of two different types of nanoclay, namely layered double hydroxide (LDH) and halloysite nanotube (HNT) on the physical, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of compression-molded composite panels fabricated from reed flour (RF) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). To achieve the desired properties in the composites, the clay nanoparticles were modified with surfactant (mLDH and mHNT) before usage. The results showed that the composite specimens with mLDH exhibited higher tensile and flexural properties (strength and moduli) than with mHNT at low content. Compared with the maximum flexural strength and tensile modulus of 21.56 MPa and 2186.16 MPa for the specimens made with mHNT, the highest flexural strength and tensile modulus were found in the specimens incorporated with mLDH (23.05 MPa and 2227.44 MPa). Moreover, at high content, the composite specimens with mHNT presented greater hydrophobicity. The comparative analysis exhibited that that the water uptake of the composites including mHNT (5.03%) was approximately 15% lower than that of the mLDH (5.73%) based composite. The DMTA results indicated that the composite specimens with mLDH demonstrated better molecular restriction and larger storage modulus than with mHNT. Besides, the loss-tangent (tan δ) peak was shifted to a higher temperature for the samples including both mLDH and mHNT than without ones. The specimens made with mLDH had the highest glass transition temperature values (70.67°C) compared with 70.12°C for the specimens treated with mHNT. Morphological observations showed that the nanoparticles were predominantly dispersed uniformly within the polymer matrix. Overall, it is found that the addition of 3 phc mLDH clay was the most effective in the composite formulation; it has significantly enhanced the properties of the wood-plastic composites.

Application of water based drilling clay-nanoparticles in heat transfer of fractional Maxwell fluid over an infinite flat surface

In the present paper, unsteady free convection flow of Maxwell fluid containing clay-nanoparticles is investigated. These particles are hanging in water, engine oil and kerosene. The values for nanofluids based on the Maxwell-Garnett and Brinkman models for effective thermal conductivity and viscosity are calculated numerically. The integer order governing equations are being extended to the novel non-integer order fractional derivative. Analytical solutions of temperature and velocity for Maxwell fluid are build using Laplace transform technique and expressed in such a way that they clearly satisfied the boundary conditions. To see the impact of different flow parameters on the velocity, we have drawn some graphs. As a result, we have seen that the fractional model is superior in narrate the decay property of field variables. Some limiting solutions are obtained and compared with the latest existing literature. Moreover, significant results can be observed for clay nanoparticles with different base fluids.

Effect of Mechanical Properties on Carbon Nanotubes, Nanoclays Reinforced Epoxy Carbon Fabric Composite Pipes

Generally, the nanofillers increase the mechanical and impact behaviors of fiber reinforced polymer based composites. However, the effects of the hybridization of nanofillers and their reasons over the nano scale damage mechanisms have not been adequately studied for fabric reinforced composites. The low velocity impact responses and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, nanoclays particles reinforced epoxy carbon fabric composite pipes have been evaluated in this study. Carbon fabric composite pipes have been prepared with 1 ,and 3 wt % of carbon nanotube and 1,and 3 wt% of nanoclay particles and unfilled nanofillers, using hand lay-up technique. Mechanical properties of low velocity impact for carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), nanoclays particles reinforced epoxy carbon fabric composite pipes have been obtained as a function of content of nanofillers particles. The low-velocity impact tests applied on composite pipes for energy levels 5 J,10 J, and 15 J according to in accordance with ASTM D7136 / D7136 M-12 standards. It was observed that carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nanoclay nanofillers addition to Carbon Fabric/Epoxy for 5J, 10 J and 15 J showed maximum force, absorbed energy and the lowest displacements and rebound energy. MWCNTs and nanoclays nano-hybrid addition to Carbon Fabric/Epoxy improved higher low velocity impact responses than none nanofillers addition. The specimens of unfilled nanofillers Carbon Fabric/Epoxy composites showed the lowest maximum force , highest displacements and rebound energy. The results show that the mechanical properties are found to increase substantially with increasing carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and nanoclays particles with Carbon Fabric/Epoxy composite pipes.

Thermomechanical Characterization Of Organo-Clay Epoxy Nanocomposites for Use in Civil Infrastructure

ABSTRACT Epoxy nanocomposites based on organically treated clays been researched extensively for use in aerospace, automotive, and electronic packaging applications. The potential low cost, decreased diffusivity and moisture uptake, and increase in stiffness and toughness, as well as the ability of the nanoclay particles to serve as a flame retardants and decrease flammability make these materials of immense interest for civil infrastructure applications especially as related to addressing long-term durability. This work analyzes the cure, thermomechanical (DMTA), moisture uptake and tensile characteristics of montmorillonite-epoxy nanocomposites. It is shown that the organo-clays serve as a catalyst for the curing reaction and reduced the exothermal peak temperatures with an increase in activation energy of cure at higher degrees of conversion. The nanocomposites demonstrated enhanced stiffness, relatively minor drops in glass transition temperature, increased thermal stability, and substantially decreased water uptake and diffusion rates, emphasizing their potential for use in civil infrastructure applications wherein nonaerospace cure techniques are used.

The effect of expanded graphite/clay nanoparticles on thermal, rheological, and fire‐retardant properties of poly(butylene succinate)

AbstractIn this study, the effect of clay nanoparticles on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, thermal degradation kinetics and rheological properties of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/expanded graphite (EG) composites were investigated. The composites were prepared by melt blending, followed by melt compression. The results indicated that the presence of clay, improved the dispersion of the EG, as confirmed by exhibited significant increases in the rheological properties (storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″) and complex viscosity (η)) when compared to the pristine PBS. The presence of Cloisite 15 A organoclay, however, decreased the overall thermal stability of the composite material, due to its catalytic effect. The degradation kinetics revealed that the presence of EG can impede the clay's catalytic effect on the degradation process of PBS. Based on the comparison between PBS and PBS/EG composites, the flame retardancy improved after the addition of clay due to formation of char, which acted as barrier layer against heat, oxygen, and flammable gases.

Behavior under electron irradiation of two clay-based polymer nanocomposites PPgMA/OMMT and PBS/OMMT

The effect of nanoparticles on the transport and trapping of electric charges as well as on the emission of secondary electrons from two nanocomposites subjected to electron irradiation in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is studied experimentally. These nanocomposites are polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PPgMA) and bio-based polybutylene succinate (PBS) filled with organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) clay nanoparticles (i.e. cloisite 20: C20). Samples having 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 5% clay nanoparticles by weight are used.In order to determine the temporal evolution of the electrical charge trapped in each nanocomposite and that of its total electron emission yield (TEEY), simultaneous measurements of leakage and displacement currents, induced in the nanocomposites during and after electron irradiation, are performed using an appropriate device.Besides, broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) is also used to study change of electrical characteristics of the neat polymeric matrices with the concentration of clay nanoparticles, namely dielectric constant and electrical conductivity.As surprising as it sounds, measurements indicate that not only the leakage current increases as the amount of clay nanoparticles increases but also the trapped charge. This behavior could be linked in particular to the change in the mobility of charge carriers due to the proliferation of interfaces between nanoparticles and neighboring materials (matrix). As the proliferation of interfaces is dependent on the state of dispersion of the clay nanoparticles within the host matrix, this state was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results highlight the impact of nanoparticle reinforcement on the electrical properties of studied polymers such as storage ability of electrical charges and also their transport.

Impact of a nanomixture of carbon black and clay on the mechanical properties of a series of irradiated natural rubber/butyl rubber blend

Abstract A series of natural rubber/butyl rubber NR/IIR blend loaded with N660 carbon black (CB) and triethoxy vinyl silane treated clay nanoparticles (TCNPs) were prepared using gamma irradiation in the presence of a polyfunctional monomer, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The effect of incorporating different contents of N660 CB and five parts per hundred of rubber (phr) of treated clay on the mechanical properties of the prepared nanocomposites has been investigated. The addition of TCNP to CB/rubber composites markedly increase their tensile strength due to the increase of the cross-link density. These results indicated that the TCNP may be enclosed or trapped in the occluded structure of CB. The effect of CB and the TCNP content on the tensile strength (σ), elongation at break (ε b, %), and modulus of elasticity (E, MPa) of natural rubber/butyl rubber NR/IIR blend have been investigated. The incorporation of 5 phr of TCNP into 30 phr CB-loaded NR/IIR composites results in the increased tensile strength value by about 60%. Finally, theoretical models were used to interpret the experimental results.

Controlling the structural, optical, and electrical properties of PVA/PEO blend by clay nanoparticles content

Synthesis of polymeric blends and nanocomposites of tuned properties gained increasing attention worldwide. In the present report, semicrystalline PVA/PEO blend films loaded with clay nanoparticles (Nps), at doping ratios in the range 3–12 wt%, were prepared and characterized by various techniques. XRD, SEM, and FTIR were used for probing the semicrystalline nature, morphology, and microstructure of the blend and complexation between its constituents. UV–vis-IR spectroscopy was performed to study the optical properties and optical constants of the prepared nanocomposites. Moreover, the dielectric properties were studied in the frequency range 0.1 Hz to 20 MHz and at different temperatures. Clay Nps incorporation decreased the blend crystallinity and affect its surface morphology without changing the blend structure. Strong interaction and complexation between the films’ constituents are noted through the change in XRD peaks position and FTIR band intensity. The values of optical transmittance and absorption index of the films as well as the bandgap (E g), refractive index (n), and optical dispersion parameters depend mainly on the clay Nps doped ratio. The direct E g decreased from 4.5 to 3.9 eV and n increased from 3.28 to 4.78. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent, dielectric moduli (M′, M″), and ac conductivity were improved with the clay Nps content and also influenced by the temperature. The nature of the relaxation peaks in tan (δ) and M″ indicate the deviation of the conduction process from the ideal Debye type behavior. Increasing the semiconducting nature and the value of ac conductivity encourage the utilization of these nanocomposites in various electric and optoelectric applications.

Migration of Various Nanoparticles into Food Samples: A Review.

Nanotechnology has provided new opportunities for the food industry with its applications in food packaging. The addition of nanoparticles, such as clay, silver and copper, can improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of food packaging. However, nanoparticles may have an adverse impact on human health. This has led to legislative and regulatory concerns. The inhibitory effects of nano packaging on different microorganisms, such as Salmonella, E. coli, and molds, have been studied. Nanoparticles, like other materials, may have a diverse set of properties that need to be determined. In this review, different features of silver, clay and copper nanoparticles, such as their anti-microbial, cell toxicity, genetic toxicity, mechanical properties, and migration, are critically evaluated in the case of food packaging. Specifically, the viewpoints of WHO, FDA, and ESFA, concerning the nano-silver application in food packaging, are discussed as well.

Chitosan‐nanocomposites as a food active packaging: Effect of addition of tocopherol and modified montmorillonite

AbstractThe development of natural biodegradable polymers to partially or totally replace synthetic polymers may be advantageous in food packaging, mainly when are associated with additional features such as active packaging. This article aimed to evaluate the effect of tocopherol concentration (0, 5, 10, and 20%) and modified montmorillonite clay (MMT15A) nanoparticles (0 and 1%) on the properties of chitosan (CS) films. The addition of tocopherol provided antioxidant activity and improved the thermal stability of the films, and acted as a plasticizer, decreasing the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and glass transition temperature of the films. Although MMT15A and tocopherol did not change the water vapor permeability, an improvement of the mechanical strength and lower equilibrium moisture content was observed when compared to the treatment made with CS alone. Both MMT15A and tocopherol allowed the production of bio‐nanocomposites with thermal, morphological, mechanical, and water‐resistant properties to be used as an antioxidant in packaging materials.Practical ApplicationsThe films containing both montmorillonite (MMT15A) and tocopherol presented an improved mechanical strength, thermal stability, and antioxidant activity when compared to the films containing the only tocopherol. Therefore, it was possible to develop antioxidant chitosan films with improved properties using up to 20% tocopherol and MMT15A. At this tocopherol and MMT 15A concentrations, the films may also be used to nutritionally enrich food, adding value to the package and the conditioned product. Furthermore, the films can also be considered edible films with combined properties.