Abstract
Death from acute hemorrhage is a major problem in military conflicts, traffic accidents, and surgical procedures, et al. Achieving rapid effective hemostasis for pre-hospital care is essential to save lives in massive bleeding. An ideal hemostasis material should have those features such as safe, efficient, convenient, economical, which remains challenging and most of them cannot be achieved at the same time. In this work, we report a rapid effective nanoclay-based hemostatic membranes with nanoclay particles incorporate into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) electrospun fibers. The nanoclay electrospun membrane (NEM) with 60 wt% kaolinite (KEM1.5) shows better and faster hemostatic performance in vitro and in vivo with good biocompatibility compared with most other NEMs and clay-based hemostats, benefiting from its enriched hemostatic functional sites, robust fluffy framework, and hydrophilic surface. The robust hemostatic bandages based on nanoclay electrospun membrane is an effective candidate hemostat in practical application.
Highlights
Death from acute hemorrhage is a major problem in military conflicts, traffic accidents, and surgical procedures, et al Achieving rapid effective hemostasis for pre-hospital care is essential to save lives in massive bleeding
Rapid robust bandages based on nanoclay electrospun membrane (NEM) were prepared by electrospinning with sheet-like kaolinite[27], tube-like halloysite[28] and rod-like palygorskite[29] (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1)
The high flexibility and manufacturability of NEMs are perfectly inherited from the electrospun substrate (Fig. 1b), making them suitable for hemostatic applications[4,8]
Summary
Death from acute hemorrhage is a major problem in military conflicts, traffic accidents, and surgical procedures, et al Achieving rapid effective hemostasis for pre-hospital care is essential to save lives in massive bleeding. Rapid effective hemostatic material application in initial hemorrhage phases can lead to an extended rescue time, resulting in a decline in high mortality rates due to excessive bleeding[2]. It is still challenging for most hemostatic materials to quickly and safely control hemorrhage from severe bleeding wounds or cuts[1,4]. Clays have shown effective hemostatic performance, prolonging the rescue time, the application of clay particles to bleeding wounds may cause inflammation in surrounding tissues and distal thrombosis in vivo[13,17]. It is important to develop membranes or other alternative materials to replace these powder-based materials
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