Clay Modification Research Articles

Microfiltration of Oil-in-water Emulsion Using Modified Ceramic Membrane: Surface Properties, Membrane Resistance, Critical Flux, and Cake Behavior

Previous studies have demonstrated the improved membrane properties of ceramic membranes made from thermally modified clays with cationic manioc starch and eggshell residue as additives. Based on the employment of these membranes, the relationship between thermally modified clays’ structure and cross-flow microfiltration using oil-in-water emulsion was studied (North Sea heavy crude oil). Using raw clay (M1) and thermally pretreated clay (M2), tubular ceramic membranes were prepared by the extrusion method. Critical Flux in different concentrations (250, 500, and 1000 mgL−1), fouling mechanisms, and membrane resistance were analyzed. The initial membrane resistance values for M1 and M2 membranes were 2.23 ± 0.32 × 1012 m−1 and 1.72 ± 0.293 × 1012 m−1, respectively. The membrane resistance was reduced by 22% due to the clay modification, which also decreased the contact angle, increased the pore size, and decreased the membrane roughness. Regarding the total organic carbon removal, the M2 membrane had no loss in separation efficiency despite having a slightly larger pore size. These results indicate that the clay-induced structural changes decreased the membrane resistance and improved the permeate flux but did not decrease the oil-in-water emulsion’s separation efficiency.

Исследования структуры и физико-механических свойств модифицированной глины

The article presents the properties of natural clay in Uzbekistan. The historical analysis of the use of this natural raw material is presented. Possibilities of changing the properties of clay by introducing synthetic fibers of light industry waste into it are considered. Calculations of the properties of clay with the introduction of various additives and the technology of its processing are given. It has been established that modification of clay with fibrous waste and subsequent heat treatment improves frost resistance, and water resistance of the material, these properties depend on the percentage of fiber content, heat treatment temperature and time of holding the material in the furnace.

Poly(ε‐caprolactone)/montmorillonite nanocomposites via Diels–Alder click reaction

AbstractSynthesis of nanocomposites by employing inorganic materials as nanofillers is one of the most effective ways to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of conventional polymers. To design and create new nanomaterials with unprecedented functional attributes, the fabrication techniques and chemistries employed often have utmost importance to attain a better structure–property relationship. In this respect, click chemistry‐based functional methodologies hold great promise in the fabrication of polymeric nanocomposites due to their excellent features. In this contribution, poly(ε‐caprolactone)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by Diels–Alder (DA) click reaction of maleimide end‐group containing poly(ε‐caprolactone) and furan functionalized montmorillonite (MMT). The methodology includes furan modification of MMT clay and ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone that was initiated with a masked maleimide group containing alcohol and following retro DA reaction to obtain maleimide end group functional poly(ε‐caprolactone). Subsequently, polymer nanocomposites were efficiently fabricated via DA click reaction of functional poly(ε‐caprolactone) polymer and modified clay in thermal heating conditions at 80°C. The characterization of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/clay nanocomposites was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Obtained results demonstrated that DA click reaction can be fruitfully employed in the fabrication of MMT‐based polymeric nanocomposites.

Analysis of sorption capacity of natural sorbents in relation to aqueous solutions of heavy metal compounds

The main preconditions emergence of an environmental crisis in the country due to surface water pollution include irrational use of water resources in violation of the environmental requirements, discharge of untreated and insufficiently treated industrial and municipal wastewater into water bodies and inflow of polluting substances from agricultural lands as a result of surface water drainage. The whole set of considered factors leads to depletion and pollution of surface water of Ukraine, reduction of their self-cleaning capacity, degradation, impoverishment and collapse of aquatic ecosystems.
 Excessive content of heavy metal ions in surface water has a negative impact on the environment, causing acute and chronic diseases. Ingress of such pollutants into surface water is almost entirely due to anthropogenic economic activity. Wastewater from chemical, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy brings a great amount of such pollutants.
 Among various methods used for removing heavy metal ions from aqueous media, sorption methods remain one of the most effective and popular, mainly due to the fact that they ensure a high degree of purification at relatively low costs. Along with the adsorbents traditionally involved in these processes, a number of studies and practical implementations with use of natural dispersed minerals as adsorbents were conducted lately.
 The research aims at studying the sorption capacity and efficiency of natural and modified sorbent such as bentonite clay for purification of aqueous solutions containing heavy metal ions in the form of dissolved compounds and justifying its potential application.
 It studies the efficiency of wastewater treatment aimed at removing heavy metal ions by the natural clay sorbent of bentonite clays of the Cherkaskyi Deposit (Dashukovskyi deposit).
 The paper presents a technique for modification of bentonite clay in order to increase its adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions using the following three methods: physical (thermal), chemical (processing with application of Iron(III) chloride solution) and combined (thermal processing of the original sorbent followed by processing with application of Iron(III) chloride solution).
 It has been experimentally proved that a natural sorbent modified via thermal and chemical processing is characterized by a high absorption capacity to heavy metal ions contained in water solutions, in particular to chromium(VI) ions, copper(II) ions and aluminum(III) ions with the purification degree ranging from 5% to 83%. The highest adsorption rate, 83%, is demonstrated by the combined method of bentonite clay modification, therefore proving the effectiveness of application of environmentally friendly natural sorbents for wastewater treatment processes aimed at removing heavy metal ions. The paper indicates the advantages of wastewater treatment sorption methods allowing removal of pollutants of different origin and any concentration.

Effects of exogenous additives on wheat Cd accumulation, soil Cd availability and physicochemical properties in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils: A meta-analysis

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in wheat is a serious issue. The application of exogenous additives can effectively inhibit Cd bioavailability in soil and decrease Cd accumulation in wheat. However, a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of how additives affect wheat Cd accumulation, wheat yield, soil Cd availability, and soil properties is lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis of 65 peer-reviewed papers published before April 2021 to investigate how additives application affects Cd accumulation in wheat and soil Cd availability.The results indicated that most additives application decreased the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extractable-Cd content (5.27–56.33%) in the soil, and wheat grain and root Cd concentrations (0.03–129.87% and 0.42–52.84%, respectively); the pH values of wheat-grown soil and the properties of the additives affected the reduction percentage. Overall, most wheat-grown soils were calcareous soil (42 peer-reviewed papers); in calcareous soil, the magnitude of the Cd reduction in wheat grain was the highest under treatments with clay minerals (129.87%) due to clay modification, followed by composite (75.36%) and phosphorus materials (73.55%). Moreover, most additives application increased wheat grain yield by 0.03–51.84%, which was attributed to the positive effects of additives on wheat antioxidant capacity, photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient uptake. Additives application increased the pH value of acidic wheat soil, and positively affected the electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and organic carbon content of the wheat grown soil. In addition, regression analysis showed that soil available Cd was negatively correlated with the pH value with additives application in acidic soil (r2 = 0.43), while a non-significant correlation was observed in neutral and calcareous wheat soils (r2 = 0.017 and 0.016, respectively). The results of this study can assist in the selection, modification, and utilisation of additives to remediate Cd-contaminated wheat soils.

Effect of a new amido‐imidazolium compound as a clay modifier on properties of polypropylene composites

AbstractHalloysite nanotubes (HNT) and montmorillonite (Mt) were modified by a novel, dicarboxylic fatty acid substituted amido‐imidazolium chloride. It was found that the modification process of the clays by the imidazolium compound improved their dispersion in the polymer matrix, while HNT were a more beneficial filler of PP than Mt. PP/imidazolium modified HNT composites (PP/HNT‐M) showed significant increase in thermo‐oxidative stability, flexibility, and toughness, combined with a slight reduction in stiffness, as well as a lack of changes in crystallinity and strength, compared with neat PP. These effects were not observed for PP/Mt composites. The formation of strong interactions between the imidazolium compound and tubes' surfaces was supposed to be responsible for the more advantageous properties of PP/HNT‐M composites.

Modification of a Brazilian natural clay and catalytic activity in heterogeneous photo-Fenton process

The catalytic activity of a Brazilian natural clay modified with the immobilization of iron oxide was applied in the heterogeneous Fenton process for the degradation of the antibiotic sulfathiazole (STZ). The clay without any treatment indicated a lamellar type material with mesoporous distribution that presents a heterogeneous mixture of phases (type 1:1 and 2:1 structures), with a predominance of quartz, montmorillonite, gibbsite and kaolinite, and with SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, TiO2, MgO as major oxides. Its high absorption in the UV–Vis ranges with a bandgap energy of 1.9 eV was attributed to the presence of hematite. It was observed that the effects of the addition of starch before heat treatment, and impregnation with iron, modified the clay surface. F rom the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis it was concluded that a structural reorganization is related to the conversion of the various iron oxide phases into hematite, as well as promoting an increase in Fe2+/ Fe3+ redox reactions allowing rapid degradation of STZ. The catalyst impregnated with iron and treated at 600 °C showed to be an economical and versatile catalyst with high catalytic efficiency (>97% STZ degradation after 60 min), with small differences according to the type of LED device used. Furthermore, it presented high stability and reusability reaching 93% degradation of STZ after four cycles of reuse with low consumption of H2O2.

Modification of bentonite clay & its applications: a review

Abstract Bentonite clay is one of the oldest clays that humankind has been using from ancient times as traditional habits and remedies. In recent years researchers have found many applications of bentonite clay due to its various physio-chemical properties. In the present work, various physical and chemical properties of bentonite such as surface area, adsorption, swelling properties, cation exchange properties, etc. have been studied. This study also includes various procedures of modification of bentonite clay into Chitosan/Ag-bentonite composite, Fe-Modified bentonite, Hydroxyl-Fe-pillared-bentonite, Organo Bentonite, Organophilic clay, Arenesulfonic Acid-Functionalized Bentonite, Bentonite clay modified with Nb2O5. The study reveals that bentonite clay has large surface area due to similar structure with montmorillonite and it is found that the functionality of bentonite can be increased by increasing total surface area of the clay. Due to high cation exchangeability of bentonite, various cations can be incorporated into it. After purification and modification, the absorbent aluminum phyllosilicate bentonite clay can be used as an efficient catalyst in various types of catalytic reactions. Moreover, bentonite clay can be applied in various field like drilling, civil engineering, agriculture and water treatment.

Physical-chemical principles of clay modifying into filler, pozzolanization through rehydro-liming, for cement concrete resistance to the natural disasters

The aim of this paper is to increase the stability of buildings and structures to natural disasters by modifying the Georgian clays into cement concrete filler by creation-using of rehydro-liming pozzolanization technology. The risk of damage-destruction of buildings and structures caused by earthquakes, sea storms, floods, mudflows, has increased in the world. Risks can be prevented by increasing of building and structure stability by reducing the anisotropy of cement concrete strength. To do this: Aqueous aluminosilicate minerals of clays, while dehydrating preserving habitus, are modified into a void containing (...mAl2O3∙nSiO2..) base minerals in which, after mixing in cement concrete while rehydro-liming, Ca(OH)2 is sorbed. The tobermorite, stratlingite, generated in filler, together with cement ettringite form fiber-needle-flaky habit clusters by modifying the structure of cement concrete with 3D self-nano-reinforcement, by reducing the anisotropy of strength – by increasing of stability to loads with variable direction-magnitude. It has been proven that in order to prevent risks of catastrophe, it is possible to use modification of Georgian clays by thermal dehydration in cement concrete technologies, which will create the preconditions for cement concrete pozzolanization by rehydro-liming, so the study of the basics of this process is actual.

Microwave assisted Biginelli cyclocon densation for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones catalysed by H2SO4[sbnd]Clay NPs and their applications

The Acid Modification of Bentonite clay (AMC) process was firstly reported and has been developed in one pot by ionic exchange of inorganic interlayer clay combined with different concentrations of acid (H2SO4) under Microwave irradiation. The maximum basal spacing of 28 Å was found in 2 M AMC clay confirmed PXRD analysis. EDAX micrographs of raw and AMCs showed the percentage of elemental analysis (H% = 38.21 for 2 M). Further, it was successfully applied in the Biginelli reaction of Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) synthesis by cyclocon densation reaction under microwave irradiation and structurally confirmed by spectral techniques such as HNMR, C13NMR, FT-IR, Mass and UV-Visible absorption spectra. The yields of DHPMs are 88%, 90%, 92% and 92.6% for EMDHPM, EMNDHPM, EMMDHPM and EMHMDHPM respectively. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized dihydropyrimidinones was examined using Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacterial species showed efficiently inhibited the bacterial growth activities at 4 mg/mL concentration. The results confirmed that the newly prepared DHPMs compounds act as efficient antimicrobial agent and synthesized AMC material as potential catalyst.

Efficient sorption of perfluoroalkyl acids by ionic liquid-modified natural clay

Contamination caused by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is a big concern worldwide due to their persistence in the environment. Removal of PFAS represents a special challenge for water/wastewater treatment because of their diverse structures and unique physicochemical properties such as high water solubility and high stability of the C-F bond. In this study, we primarily investigated the removal of PFOA and PFOS from water through sorption with ionic liquid (IL)-modified natural clay. A series of ILs with varied alkyl chain lengths were applied for clay modification, and the successful intercalation of ILs was verified with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential measurement, and elemental analysis. The structure and properties of IL-modified clays were strongly affected by the IL chain lengths. Specifically, long-chain IL not only changed the surface potential of clay, but also expanded the interlayers of clay, both of which greatly facilitated PFOA and PFOS sorption. Clay modified with the long-chain IL exhibited both fast kinetics for PFOA and PFOS sorption and high PFOA and PFOS removal efficiency under various water chemistry conditions. Furthermore, long-chain IL-modified clay was very effective for the removal of a suite of perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids with various chain lengths of the perfluoroalkyl moiety. IL-modified natural clay may be potentially applied for PFAS pollution control.

Enhancing the performance of compressed soil bricks with natural additives: Wood chips and date palm fibers

In this study, the effect of natural fibers such as date palm fibers and wood chips on the mechanical and physical properties of soil brick samples was investigated. The study also evaluated the effect of clay modifier addition on the main brick mixtures. Soil bricks specimens were fabricated using different amounts of natural fibers, clay modifiers together with different proportions of cement. The date palm fibers had a more significant influence compared to the wood chips on the soil brick’s properties. The compressive strength and the water absorption became 2.24 MPa and 15.5%, respectively by the addition of 1% date palm fibers. On the other hand, the 5% wood chip addition increases the compressive strength to 1.72 MPa while the water absorption became 18.1%. It was found that the date palm fibers had a more significant influence compared to the wood chips on the soil brick’s properties.

Chemical and thermal activation of clay sample for improvement adsorption capacity of methylene blue

ABSTRACT In this study, the removal of methylene blue (MB) by both raw and modified clay as an abundant, cost-effective was investigated. The modification of the raw clay was done by calcination, acid treatment, and again second calcination processes. In addition, the effects of calcination temperature and acid/base concentration on the adsorption capacity of clay were investigated. The characterisation of clay was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzes. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used. The modified clay provided significant improvements in adsorption capacity compared to the raw clay.

Bentonite-ionic liquid composites for Congo red removal from aqueous solutions

Clay-organic composites have attracted great interest due to their ability to remove various contaminants from wastewater. The surfactants are the most commonly used organic compounds for clay modification. However, cationic surfactants are toxic and can be environmentally hazardous. Ionic liquids are a new promising alternative to the cationic surfactants due to lesser toxicity and appropriate thermal stability. The research aim is to prepare an environmentally friendly new class of clay sorbents modified with ionic liquids for potential applications in wastewater treatment from the textile industry. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids with different lengths of alkyl chains were intercalated in the interlayer space of sodium bentonite via an ion exchange reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method for the specific surface area (SSA) analysis provided evidence of successful modification of the bentonite. The removal of model organic contaminant, Congo red dye, from aqueous solutions was investigated using the modified clays under different experimental conditions, i.e., reaction time, pH and sorbate concentration. Detailed isotherm studies showed that the modified clays have much higher Congo red sorption capacity compared to unmodified bentonite. The maximum Congo red sorption capacity of 150 mg/g was observed for bentonite modified with 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Bent_C12mimCl) with d-value of 17.7 Å. This study shows that ionic liquids enhance bentonite capacity for Congo red sorption with different trends based on the ionic liquid structure. Bentonite-ionic liquid composites are eco-friendly and effective sorbents and due to a substantial increase in their capacity for the removal of textile dyes, they are expected to diminish the environmental impact of industrially used dyes.

Thermodynamic, isothermal and kinetic studies of heavy metals adsorption by chemically modified Tanzanian Malangali kaolin clay

The development of new adsorbent materials exhibiting enhanced properties is recognized as a compelling and technologically significant area of materials research. One of such designs involves chemical modification of native clays leading to materials with improved properties. Herein, native Malangali kaolinite was modified by HCl acid to facilitate improvements in its physicochemical properties. The adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of cadmium and cobalt ions on chemically modified Malangali kaolin were examined during a series of adsorption experiments. Both native and chemically modified kaolin clays were analysed for their compositional, structural, mineralogical and morphological properties. The resulting chemically modified kaolinite recorded a significant increment in pore diameter, pore volume and surface area from 2.99 to 3.60 nm, 0.45 to 0.81 cc/g and 78.69 to 107.27 m/g, respectively. The heavy metals adsorption kinetics was studied using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo-second-order model demonstrated a better fit to the experimental kinetic data compared to other models. The isothermal equation due to Langmuir model showed good agreement with the equilibrium data when compared to Dubinin–Radushkevich and Freundlich isotherms, indicating monolayer adsorption on homogeneous active sites of the adsorbent. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of 1.067 and 1.043 mg/g was acquired for cadmium and cobalt ions, correspondingly. Thermodynamic studies indicated an exothermic, spontaneous and physisorption process of heavy metals on the adsorbent. Our findings have demonstrated that chemically modified Malangali kaolinite can be exploited as an affordable, eco-friendly and efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of heavy metals form polluted wastewater.

A compendious review on clay modification techniques for wastewater remediation

Presence of significant quantities of toxic dyes has led to contamination of fresh water resources. The limited availability of fresh water has escalated the pressure on maintaining sustainable agricultural production to ensure food security. So , there is a need to recycle the wastewater and to explore the possibility to reuse it for irrigation purpose. Amongst different techniques, adsorption has been found to be the best way for the remediation of colored effluents. The concept of recycling and reuse of wastewater has propelled the exploration of potential inexpensive adsorbents. Clays are cheap, non-toxic abundantly available natural materials. Over the recent years, researchers have focused on clays modification to enhance their adsorption efficiency for the remediation of contaminants such as dyes from wastewater. Therefore, the present article is written with an aim to systematically summarize the recent advancements in clay modification and their potential as effective adsorbing agents for the removal of various dyes from contaminated wastewaters. A detailed description of various clay modification techniques such as treatment with surfactant, acid, heat, plasma, polymer, silane, metal oxide has been presented here. The effect of various physicochemical process parameters such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature on the performance of modified clays has also been presented. Based upon the final outcome of literature review, it can be concluded that modified clays are much better adsorbing agents in comparison to the natural clays. Hence, modified clays represent an economically viable and sustainable option for the purification of wastewaters containing dyes and it can be utilized for irrigating different crops at the places where fresh water resources have either depleted or limited.

Adsorption Capacity of Smectite Clay and Its Thermal and Chemical Modification for Two Anionic Dyes: Comparative Study

The present research evaluates the influence of modification of smectite clay (BC) on its adsorption capacity of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. Thermal (BC 250), acidic (BC H2SO4), and alkaline (BC NaOH) modification of clay was carried out. The clays were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Adsorption of dyes was investigated by batch experiments at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C), a wide range of initial dye concentrations (1–1000 mg/dm3), and an adsorbent dose of 50 g. All modifications increased the clay’s adsorption capacity for Reactive Red 198, in the order BC H2SO4 > BC NaOH > BC 250 > BC; it was 10.32, 5.06, 3.32, and 2.92 mg/g, respectively. Acid and thermal modification of the clay increased its adsorption capacity for Acid Red 18, in the series BC H2SO4 > BC 250 > BC > BC NaOH; it was 3.07, 2.66, 2.16, and 1.28 mg/g, respectively. The experimental data were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Sips isotherms, using nonlinear regression. The experimental data best fitted the Sips isotherm. Taking into account the structure of the adsorbent and adsorbates and the results obtained, it can be concluded that the dyes were probably bound through chemisorption, by forming hydrogen bonds between Si–OH and Al–OH groups in the clay and –NH, –NH2, and –OH groups in the dyes. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that smectite clay is a promising material for dye adsorption.

A review on clay‐reinforced ethylene propylene diene terpolymer composites

AbstractIn the new era of sustainable developments, various adaptations have been carried out in many industries to revolutionize the quest for sustainable materials as a method to reduce the dependency on petroleum feedstock. One of such inventions focusing on the automotive industries with new concepts of energy automotive such as electric and hybrid cars, as well as the utilization of inorganic materials as a components of polymer composites, which is expected to reduce the demand and utilization of various rubber composites in automotive parts. However, due to remarkable increment of service life and inherent properties, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) has showed the highest consumption in automotive segments and the fastest development rate in the field of polymer modification. Thus, a comprehensive review concerning the development of environmentally friendly EPDM‐based composites reinforced by various clay minerals is highlighted and presented in this article. The characteristic of EPDM, including the chemistry, processing, properties, and applications, as well as the current research on various types of rubber/clay composites, EPDM/clay composites, and rubber/bentonite (Bt) composites, is reviewed and reported. In addition, the characteristics, properties, and applications of different types of clay minerals such as layered silicates, Bt clays, and montmorillonites as reinforcement material in EPDM composites are also included. Finally, the drawbacks and challenges in developments of EPDM/clay composites and the existing improvizations through various compatibilization of EPDM/clay composite system such as chemical modification of clays, functionalization using coupling agents, and compatibilization through grafting are discussed by highlighting the important findings.

Controlled modification of sodium montmorillonite clay by a planetary ball-mill as a versatile tool to tune its properties

The effect of the energy supplied (Esupp) by the planetary ball-mill on montmorillonite clay is studied. Sodium montmorillonite clay was subjected to different energies supplied, and the effects were followed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and specific surface area (BET). The results show that between 1.7 J/g ⩽Esupp⩽4.8 J/g, the separation, delamination, and exfoliation of the clay layers occur. At Esupp⩾6.6 J/g, the stacking of the layers is lost. At Esupp = 13.2 J/g, the maximum specific surface area is obtained. Between 26.4 J/g ⩽Esupp⩽38.5 J/g, a transition occurs, and the clay becomes amorphous. These results establish criteria based on the planetary ball-mill’s energy to modify the montmorillonite structure optimally.

Study of Efficacy Adsorption of Methyl Green by Attapulgite and Modified Attapulgite Clay from Aqueous Solution

This paper includes the modification of the attapulgite by precipitation of iron and aluminum compounds . Attapulgite (Atta) and modified attapulgite (Atta-m) clays are characterized by many techniques ( FTIR , XRD ,SEM with EDX ) .The attapulgite clay before and after modification were used as the adsorbents for adsorption of methyl green (MG) . The results Indicate ,that the percentage of removal (MG) at equilibrium by using (Atta) and (Atta-m) clay were reached to 94% and 97% respectively. Indicating that the clay modification process was in addition to a relative improvement in the adsorption potential of the clay after modification.