Classroom Learning Outcomes Research Articles

Design-based implementation research

PurposeThis paper is second of seven in this volume elaborating different approaches to quality improvement in education. It delineates a methodology called design-based implementation research (DBIR). The approach used in this paper is aimed at iteratively improving the quality of classroom teaching and learning practices in defined problem areas through collaborations among researchers, practitioners and other education stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the origins of the approach in US education, along with its foundations, core principles and a case application of DBIR in practice. The case focuses on the specific problem of teaching science and genetics in primary and secondary schools in a district.FindingsThe guiding principles of DBIR are: a focus on persistent problems of classroom educational practice; iterative and collaborative design and testing of innovations through partnerships between researchers and practitioners, involving multiple stakeholders’ perspectives; a concern with developing theory related to both implementation processes and classroom learning outcomes, using systematic inquiry; and development of the capacity of both researchers and practitioners to sustain changes in educational systems.Originality/valueFew theoretical treatments and demonstration cases are currently available in US education that examine common models of quality improvement, particularly DBIR. By engaging practitioners with researchers in designing, testing and implementing reforms meaningfully, DBIR shows promise in offering significant on-the-ground benefits. This paper adds value by allowing readers to compare the DBIR method with the other improvement approaches explicated in this volume.

PENERAPAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TYPE GROUP INVESTIGATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MULTIMEDIA 3D KELAS XI JURUSAN MULTIMEDIA (MM) DI SMK NEGERI 2 PADANG PANJANG

Problems in this study is the lack of achievement of the target of Completeness Minimum Criteria (KKM) the study of students in the subject of Multimedia 3 Dimention. This study aimed to see whether there is any difference in learning outcomes using Model Cooperative Learning Type Group Investigation by learning outcomes that do not use the Model Cooperative Learning Type Group Investigation, which is Direct Instruction. This research is experimental research, this study population was a class XI MM student of SMK Negeri 2 Padang Panjang Academic Year 2014/2015. This research is a quasi experimental. The sampling technique was performed using purposive sampling technique. Experimental class is a class that is treated by using a Model Cooperative Learning type Group Investigation and the control class is the class that uses the Direct Instruction model. Data were collected from the test results in the form of learning objective about a total of 33 items. Data were analyzed manually to normality test, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing. The study of the test results can be the average value of student learning outcomes using Model Cooperative Learning Type Group Investigation is 83.63 while the average value of students who use the Direct Instruction models lower at 74.45 with the percentage difference between classroom learning outcomes experimental and control class is 12.32%. The average value obtained posttest experimental class of 78.4 and an average value of 72.2 posttest control class. The result of t testing showed that the score of tcounting > ttable (1.962 > 1.672), so that the working hypothesis (H1) is accepted or rejected the null hypothesis (Ho). This means that significantly increase learning outcomes experimental class is greater than the control class learning outcomes. Key-word : Cooperative Learning Group Investigation, Learning Model, Direct Instruction, Learning Outcomes, Control and Experiment, Multimedia 3 Dimention.

KEEFEKTIFAN HUKUMAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS III SD N 1 MAGELUNG KENDAL

The research is motivated by the results of learning mathematics that has not reached the KKM and lack of student motivation to learn mathematics. This study point to determine the success achieved by the third-grade students in elementary school 1 Magelung Kendal on outcomes and students' motivation to learn mathematics using a learning punishment. This research is quantitative and designs used are Posttest - Only Control Design . The population in this study were all students of class III A and III B. Methods of data collection in this study is the documentation , test results of psychological learning and student motivation scale. The results showed the average value of the experimental group students' learning outcomes are higher than the 79.25 value - average control group of student learning outcomes is 61.93 . Calculation of classical completeness experimental group obtained t ?é?¼ count = 3.13 with significance level of 5% greater than the table = 1.67 penalty proves learning can improve student learning outcomes. Also obtained the average value of the psychological scale experimental group is 77.44, which means achieving the students' motivation in the high category . Results of analysis using t-test with a significance level of 5% obtained t = 3.13 is greater than table = 1.67 . Because t > t table then H0 is rejected . So the results of experimental class learning over classroom learning outcomes control . Between classroom learning model that uses sentence with the class that does not use punishment learning model is no difference learning outcomes of students with learning sentence with student learning outcomes with conventional learning . Based on these results , suggestions can be given is the need for learning with penalty ntuk improve outcomes and students' motivation in learning mathematics

Typology of emotional and behavioral adjustment for low-income children: A child-centered approach

An empirical typology of classroom emotional and behavioral adjustment was developed for preschool children living in urban poverty. Multistage hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to identify six distinct and reliable subtypes of classroom adjustment, differentiated by high and low levels of behavioral (aggressive, inattentive, oppositional, withdrawn/low energy, socially reticent) and situational adjustment (structured learning, peer interactions, and teacher interactions). Differences among profile types were found across child age, special needs status, and peer social and classroom learning outcomes. Patterns of overactive behavior with problems in socially-mediated learning situations predicted peer disruption. Patterns of withdrawn behavior, and problems in socially-mediated and teacher-directed learning situations predicted peer disconnection and poor learning outcomes. More resilient patterns were associated with older age, lower percentage of special needs, and higher readiness outcomes. Implications of the findings to extend prior research and to inform strategic early identification and mental health intervention are discussed.

An investigation of classroom situational dimensions of emotional and behavioral adjustment and cognitive and social outcomes for Head Start children.

This study used a developmental-ecological approach to investigate the relationship across the school year between early problems in preschool classroom situations and a comprehensive set of readiness competencies for urban low-income children. Study 1 identified 3 reliable and unique underlying classroom situational dimensions where behavior problems occurred: structured learning, peer interaction, and teacher interaction situations. Boys and younger children evidenced more problematic behavior across all situations. Study 2 investigated the relationship between early problems in the situations and readiness outcomes. Early situational difficulties uniquely and differentially predicted lower peer social and classroom learning outcomes. In combination, both the type of behavior problem (what) and the situational problem (where) explained greater variance in the prediction of readiness outcomes, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of developmental trajectories.

Learning outcomes of two approaches to multicultural music education

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of multicultural music instruction on classroom learning outcomes. Fifth-grade children (10-11 years of age; N = 170) from four schools were randomly assigned to one of two instructional treatments: music concept and sociocultural context. The former approach used formal elements of music as a framework for learning; the latter contextualized music as a sociocultural phenomenon. At the conclusion of the 7-week unit, students responded to two writing prompts designed to measure newly acquired knowledge, understanding, and skill. These responses were analyzed to: (1) determine the nature of described learning; (2) compare responses between groups; and (3) test for differences between groups. Instructional approach was found to have a significant effect on children’s descriptions of acquired knowledge, yet did not affect their perceptions of music skill acquisition. Interactive dialogues surrounding sociocultural or musical concepts resulted in a greater number of students articulating their knowledge about these respective topics.

A Multivariate Analysis of Emotional and Behavioral Adjustment and Preschool Educational Outcomes

The study examined the multivariate relationship between dimensions of preschool emotional and behavioral adjustment assessed at the beginning of the year by the Adjustment Scales for Preschool Intervention (ASPI) and multiple learning and social competencies at the end of the year with an urban Head Start sample. This study also examined the differential pattern of emotional and behavioral problems for children identified to receive services by Head Start staff. Results indicated that overactive dimensions at the beginning of the year predicted socially disruptive problems in the classroom at the end of the year. Underactive problem dimensions were associated with disengagement in play and poor emergent literacy and classroom learning outcomes. Findings indicated that Head Start staff underidentified children with emotional/behavioral problems as a group, with a pattern toward identifying children with overactive needs. Children with underactive needs were least likely to be detected by the staff and were most at-risk for poor school readiness outcomes. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.

Student Satisfaction Guarantees: An Empirical Examination of Attitudes, Antecedents, and Consequences

In guaranteeing the satisfaction of undergraduate students with the instructor’s performance, Gremler and McCollough in previous studies reported that undergraduate studentsgen erally approve of the concept of offering a student satisfaction guarantee for a course. Although they provided both qualitative and quantitative measures of students’attitudes concerning the guarantee, left unresolved is how students’ attitudes toward the guarantee might possibly affect their attitudes toward their overall classroom experience, including their attitude of the instructor’s efforts, their own efforts, and their satisfaction with classroom learning outcomes. This research presents and empirically evaluates a student satisfaction guarantee model. Lessons learned have implications not only for student satisfaction guarantees but for service guarantees in general.

WORKING IN THE MATHEMATICS FRAME: MAXIMIZING THE POTENTIAL TO LEARN FROM STUDENTS' MATHEMATICS CLASSROOM DISCUSSIONS

The quality of students' mathematics classroom discussions is an important factor in determining mathematics classroom learning outcomes. Good mathematics classroom discussions provide an opportunity for ideas to be shared and developed, but not all mathematics classroom discussions produce these learning opportunities. In this paper I discuss three constructs (subject, purpose, and frame) and how they can be used to analyze and characterize the quality of students' mathematics classroom discussions in terms of the mathematics learning potential that those discussions provide.

A comparison of teacher and student perceptions of immediacy and learning: Monitoring process and product

This study investigated the congruence between student and teacher perceptions of teacher immediacy and classroom learning outcomes. There was a high level of agreement in reports of immediacy and learning among students in intact classes. Substantial agreements between student and teacher perceptions of teacher use of immediacy behaviors, and of learning outcomes, were also found. Teacher affect toward teaching was not related to immediacy, and teacher experience was not related to monitoring ability. These results suggest that teachers are able to monitor both the process and product components of the instructional process‐product model suggested in previous research on immediacy, thus supporting the practical utility of the model.

Quality of instruction and classroom learning outcomes: The German contribution to the IEA classroom environment study

Results of the German contribution to the Classroom Environment Study: Teaching for Learning are presented. The study explored instructional quality and classroom management factors as predictors of student cognitive and affective outcomes. Classrroms ( N=39) were observed nine times with a low-inference observation instrument. Individual data on students' cognitive and affective characteristics, students' perceptions of instruction, self-reported attention, and observed time-on-task were aggregated, and the classroom was the unit of analysis. The data were analyzed with zero-order process-process and process-product correlations, multilevel analysis, communality analysis, and, as the focus of the study, causal modeling with the PLS (Partial Least Squares) technique. The causal model included, as latent variables, students' cognitive and affective entry characteristics, observed efficiency of management and quality of instruction, the student perceptions of these, students' observed time-on-task and self-reported attention, and affective and cognitive outcomes. As expected, student entry characteristics were of greatest importance for both affective and cognitive outcomes. A pattern of direct-instruction variables indicating efficient management, intensive use of time, and strong task orientation was positively related to student engagement and cognitive outcomes. Methodological questions associated with the multilevel character of the data and possible reasons for some unexpected results, for example, the nonsignificant role of instructional quality and of student engagement for cognitive outcomes, are discussed.

Affective Variables and Mathematics Education

to general feelings such as liking/disliking of mathematics, nor is it meant to exclude perceptions of the difficulty, usefulness, and appropriateness of mathematics as a school subject. There are several ways affective variables are related to mathematics learning. It is likely that a student who feels very positive about mathematics will achieve at a higher level than a student who has a negative attitude toward mathematics. It is also likely that a high achiever will enjoy mathematics more than a student who